Effects of Rolling and Cooling Conditions on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Low Carbon Cold Heading Steel

 Effects of rolling and cooling conditions on microstructure and mechanical properties of low carbon cold heading steel were investigated on a laboratory hot rolling mill. The results have shown that the mechanical properties of low carbon steels exceed the standard requirements of ML30, ML35, ML40, and ML45 steel, respectively due to thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP). This is attributed to a significant amount of pearlite and the ferrite-grain refinement. Under the condition of relatively low temperature rolling, the mechanical properties exceed standard requirements of ML45 and ML30 steel after water cooling and air cooling, respectively. Fast cooling which leads to more pearlite and finer ferrite grains is more critical than finish rolling temperatures for low carbon cold heading steel. The specimen at high finish rolling temperature exhibits very good mechanical properties due to fast cooling. This result has great significance not only for energy saving and emission reduction, but also for low-carbon economy, because the goals of the replacement of medium-carbon by low-carbon are achieved with TMCP.     

Effect of Thermomechanical Controlled Processing on Mechanical Properties of 490 MPa Grade Low Carbon Cold Heading Steel

Thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) of low carbon cold heading steel in different austenite conditions were conducted by a laboratory hot rolling mill.Effect of various processing parameters on the mechanical properties of the steel was investigated.The results showed that the mechanical properties of the low carbon cold heading steel could be significantly improved by TMCP without heat treatment.The improvement of mechanical properties can be attributed mainly to the ferrite grain refinement due to low temperature rolling.In the experiments the better ultimate tensile strength and ductility are obtained by lowering finishing cooling temperature within the temperature range from 650 ℃ to 550 ℃ since the interlamellar space in pearlite colonies become smaller.Good mechanical properties can be obtained in a proper austenite condition and thermomechanical processing parameter.The ferrite morphology has a more pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior than refinement of the microstructure.It is possible to realize the replacement of medium-carbon by low-carbon for 490 Mpa grade cold heading steel with TMCP.     

TMCP工艺对低碳Ni-Nb钢组织转变和力学性能的影响

 为了研究TMCP工艺对低碳Ni-Nb钢显微组织转变类型和晶粒尺寸的影响规律,研究了不同TMCP工艺下的显微组织特征及其对力学性能的作用机理。结果表明,在未变形轧制情况下,当冷却速度小于5 ℃/s时,显微组织为铁素体和珠光体,铁素体晶粒尺寸随着冷却速度的增大而减小;在变形轧制情况下,随着冷却速度的增加,组织中的铁素体晶粒尺寸明显减小;当冷却速度增大到5 ℃/s时,微观组织中出现了大量粒状贝氏体。试制钢板试验表明,当冷却速度为4 ℃/s时,试验钢的组织为准多边形铁素体,可以有效提高钢的低温韧性;当冷却速度达到6 ℃/s时,试验钢微观组织中出现大量粒状贝氏体,明显降低钢的低温韧性。     

Effect of process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of non- annealed cold heading steel SWRCH35KM

In order to realize the on- line softening treatment of non- annealed cold heading steel SWRCH35KM, the influence of controlled rolling and controlled cooling process on the microstructure and mechanical properties of medium carbon cold heading steel was investigated. The results show that the microstructures of spherular pearlite dispersed in 60%-63% ferrite matrix are obtained after step slow cooling process. With the decrease of finish rolling temperature from 850?? to 750??, ferrite grain size refines from 15-16. 9??m to about 10??m, and spheroidization of pearlite tends to significantly. Tensile strength of test steel with step slow cooling process is about 490-510MPa, elongation is 36. 5%-40. 5%, and hardness is 73HRB-78HRB. Compared with the air cooling process, the tensile strength of test steel decreases by about 30-40MPa, elongation increases by 1%-3% and hardness decreases by about 2HRB-3HRB.     

终冷温度对风电用S460级钢组织性能的影响

摘要：在S460铁素体钢的控轧控冷实验中,采用纯净冶炼,控制轧制和加速冷却相结合的方法,研究了不同终冷温度对钢板显微组织和力学性能的影响。不同终冷温度下显微组织均由多边形铁素体和珠光体组成。终冷温度为570℃时,较细的显微组织导致了较高的-80和-110℃冲击功。终冷温度为630℃时,较多的析出粒子导致了较高的屈服强度以及-80、-110℃冲击功下降。经研究发现,成分设计、组织细化程度和第二相析出行为对风电用S460级钢的强韧性起决定性作用。     

降低武钢CSP低碳酸洗钢SAPH370屈强比的实践

屈强比偏高是CSP低碳产品的共性问题。为降低CSP低碳酸洗钢SAPH370的屈强比,采取了不同轧制工艺(终轧温度FT7、卷取温度CT和冷却方式)进行试验,对不同工艺下的低碳酸洗钢的力学性能、晶粒尺寸和相组成进行了对比分析。结果表明:SAPH370钢采用终轧温度(FT7)为860℃、卷取温度(CT)600℃、后段快速冷却的工艺,在满足强度要求的前提下,屈强比可降低到0.8以下。观察到铁素体晶粒粗化、珠光体弥散分布。分析表明:CSP采用后段快冷工艺与传统热连轧的两段冷却工艺相当,有利于获得合适的铁素体晶粒度和弥散分布的珠光体。     

控轧控冷工艺对汽车大梁板组织及冷弯性能的影响

在攀钢热轧板厂对汽车大梁板进行了控轧控冷试验,分析了终轧温度、轧后冷却方式以及卷取温度对汽车大梁板显微组织及冷弯性能的影响。结果表明：采用较低的终轧温度830 ℃、卷取温度600 ℃以及前段冷却的轧后冷却方式,汽车大梁板的铁素体晶粒细小均匀,珠光体分布弥散,并获得了良好的冷弯性能。     

控轧控冷工艺对低合金高强度钢Q550力学性能的影响

在工业试制条件下,通过控制终轧温度和轧后冷却速度,研究了控制轧制和控制冷却对低合金高强度钢Q550力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：控制终轧温度在780～850℃范围内可以明显改善Q550钢力学性能;采用轧后冷却的方法,可以显著细化Q550钢的铁素体晶粒,提高其强韧性能。     

控轧控冷工艺对高强度锚杆钢组织和性能的影响

随着矿井深度的增加,对锚杆支护强韧性的要求越来越高,为了应对这一情况,需要研发出更高强度的锚杆钢。利用锚杆钢研究了轧制工艺、冷却工艺与珠光体、铁素体相比例,析出相析出行为及力学性能的关系。研究结果表明,在中轧后、精轧前采用适当水冷+回复段处理的复合工艺可使晶粒更细小、组织更均匀。对超高强度锚杆钢进行热压缩变形试验,由热模拟试验结果确定相转变温度为A_c1=737 ℃、A_c3=886 ℃。最终筛选出入精轧温度为810 ℃、回复段温度为800 ℃时,可获得的晶粒尺寸达4 μm,珠光体体积分数为66.8%,铁素体体积分数为33.2%,珠光体片层间距达200 nm;另外调整V、Cr、N等析出以提高锚杆钢的强韧性,较低的回复温度有利于细小、弥散、V(C/N)析出相的析出,V(C/N)的析出可进一步改善锚杆钢的力学性能。由该控轧控冷工艺轧制的锚杆钢屈服强度为780 MPa、抗拉强度为930 MPa、硬度为291HV、伸长率为20%。     

控轧控冷工艺对高强度锚杆钢组织和性能的影响

随着矿井深度的增加,对锚杆支护强韧性的要求越来越高,为了应对这一情况,需要研发出更高强度的锚杆钢。利用锚杆钢研究了轧制工艺、冷却工艺与珠光体、铁素体相比例,析出相析出行为及力学性能的关系。研究结果表明,在中轧后、精轧前采用适当水冷+回复段处理的复合工艺可使晶粒更细小、组织更均匀。对超高强度锚杆钢进行热压缩变形试验,由热模拟试验结果确定相转变温度为A_c1=737 ℃、A_c3=886 ℃。最终筛选出入精轧温度为810 ℃、回复段温度为800 ℃时,可获得的晶粒尺寸达4 μm,珠光体体积分数为66.8%,铁素体体积分数为33.2%,珠光体片层间距达200 nm;另外调整V、Cr、N等析出以提高锚杆钢的强韧性,较低的回复温度有利于细小、弥散、V(C/N)析出相的析出,V(C/N)的析出可进一步改善锚杆钢的力学性能。由该控轧控冷工艺轧制的锚杆钢屈服强度为780 MPa、抗拉强度为930 MPa、硬度为291HV、伸长率为20%。     

Effects of TMCP Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Bearing Spring Steel

The effects of TMCP parameters,such as finish rolling temperature and cooling rate on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Nb-bearing spring steel were investigated by thermal simulation,quantitative metallography and tensile test.And the precipitation in Nb-bearing spring steel was analysis by electron microscopy.Experimental results indicate that the higher finish rolling temperature or the more rapid cooling rate in a given range,the less the proeutectoid ferrite content and the thinner the interlamellar spacing is.Reasonably higher finish rolling temperature followed by properly higher cooling rate is suggested to improve the mechanical properties of Nb-bearing spring steel.Micro-addition of niobium decreases the proeutectoid ferrite content and the interlamellar spacing and leads to forming degenerated pearlite.The precipitation of size range ～20-50 nm in Nb-bearing spring steel occurred at the lamellar ferrite of pearlite and the proeutectoid ferrite.     

北极海洋平台用Q355E热轧H型钢连续冷却转变规律

在实验室利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对3种Nb、V微合金化Q355E热轧H型钢进行了连续冷却转变规律测试,研究了冷却速度对试验钢组织与硬度的影响。结果表明:在冷速为0.5℃/s时,组织中开始出现贝氏体;冷速大于7℃/s时,珠光体转变即终止。在中等冷速下,Nb的加入促进了贝氏体的形成,抑制了铁素体与珠光体的形核;并且Nb的加入使铁素体转变区右移。Cr的加入降低了较高冷速下铁素体与珠光体相变点,并促进了高冷速下马氏体的形成。由于受V析出的影响,含V试验钢在冷速为1℃/s时其硬度曲线有一个"波谷"。3种试验钢的冷速在0.5~3℃/s之间时,试验钢可获得强韧性较好的细小准多边形铁素体、少量珠光体与贝氏体的复合组织。     

温度参数对铌微合金高强度结构钢组织性能的影响

通过控轧控冷试验,力学性能检验和组织的光学显微观察,研究了温度参数对铌微合金钢组织性能的影响。结果表明:两阶段控轧及控冷所获晶粒尺寸明显小于常规轧制+快速冷却的晶粒尺寸;随冷却速率的增大或终冷温度的降低或精轧开轧温度的降低,试验钢晶粒细化,混晶程度加重,强度增大,塑性降低;精轧低温开轧利于韧性提高;铁素体混晶可能源于因铸坯中Nb(C,N)的不均匀分布造成的原始奥氏体混晶,粗轧大压缩比轧制可以消除这种混晶现象。     

冷却速率和冷却温度对SA-210Gr.C钢中带状组织形成的影响

研究了不同冷却速率和冷却温度对热轧态SA-210Gr.C钢中铁素体、珠光体带状组织的形成规律。为了保证奥氏体向铁素体、珠光体组织转变,试样经快速冷却至一定温度,然后采取空冷的处理工艺。试验结果表明,快速冷却处理可以有效地抑制带状组织的形成,但是需要控制冷却速率以及冷却温度。虽然试样经过快速冷却处理后会形成一定量的魏氏组织,但是其冲击性能并没有显著降低。     

Effect of Ultra Fast Cooling on the Alloy Cost Reduction of the X80 Pipeline Steel

The microstructures and mechanical properties of X80 pipeline steels produced by both novel ultra fast cooling and conventional‐accelerated continuous cooling modes are investigated. Results showed that different levels of Mo addition had a remarkable effect on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the investigated pipeline steels. The proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite formation is inhibited in the high‐Mo steel and acicular ferrite is obtained over a wide range of cooling rates, whereas the dominant acicular ferrite microstructure can only be obtained when the cooling rates reach up to 5 C s^?1. Very similar microstructures and mechanical properties are obtained in the low‐Mo steel produced with ultra fast cooling and in the high‐Mo steel produced by the conventional‐accelerated continuous cooling. It was proved by simulation and industrial trials that high‐strength low‐alloy steels such as pipeline steels, can be produced using the novel ultra fast cooling which also reduce alloy cost.

     

轴承钢棒材超快速冷却新工艺的应用研究

 针对国内某钢厂连轧生产线上出现的网状碳化物严重析出问题,提出高温终轧后超快速冷却与缓冷相配合技术,在精轧机后安装超快速冷却器,对60 mm棒材高温终轧后超快速冷却到一定温度后缓冷,从而抑制了网状碳化物的析出,使过冷奥氏体完全发生伪共析转变而得到细片层间距的珠光体型组织-索氏体,并促进珠光体形核减小珠光体球团直径,减小C原子扩散能力细化了珠光体片层间距,得到了利于球化退火的理想组织。     

控轧控冷工艺对900 MPa级热轧带钢组织和性能的影响

通过动态CCT曲线测试和实验室控轧控冷试验,分析了900 MPa级热轧带钢连续冷却过程中的相变过程以及不同卷取温度下显微组织、析出相和力学性能的关系。试验结果表明:随着冷却速度提高,显微组织中多边形铁素体比例下降,贝氏体组织比例升高,冷速大于15℃/s时,显微组织全部为贝氏体;随着卷取温度升高,显微组织中针状铁素体比例下降,多边形铁素体比例升高;当卷取温度为600℃时,组织为铁素体+少量珠光体,此时析出相细小弥散,可获得抗拉强度达到1 000 MPa,延伸率17%的热轧产品。     

热处理工艺对9Cr钢组织与力学性能的影响

利用热膨胀试验研究了9Cr钢随冷却速度变化的相变行为,设定奥氏体化温度分别为860和1000℃,利用 OM、SEM、TEM、XRD和室温拉伸对比研究不同热处理温度下9Cr钢的显微组织及力学性能.研究表明：随着冷却速度增加,9 Cr 钢发生铁素体/珠光体相变、贝氏体相变和马氏体相变,其中马氏体相变临界冷速为1.6℃/s;860℃热处理后9Cr钢的显微组织为板条贝氏体/马氏体和少量等轴铁素体,并有4％的残余奥氏体;奥氏体化温度升至1000℃后,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增加,9Cr 钢中铁素体几乎消失,板条特征更加明显,力学性能与860℃热处理后基本相同,均达到 HL级抽油杆钢的要求,说明9Cr钢具有较宽的工艺窗口.     

控轧控冷工艺对低合金高强钢Q460力学性能的影响

通过改变终轧温度及轧后冷却速度,研究了终轧温度及轧后冷却速度对力学性能的影响。研究结果表明：采用轧后加速冷却的方法,可以显著细化Q460的铁素体晶粒,从而提高其强韧性能。当冷速从2℃/s提高到3.86℃/s时,铁素体晶粒直径从11.5μm细化到8.33μm。当冷速达到2.96℃/s以上时,Rel≥475MPa,Rm≥600MPa,屈强比为70%-80%。     

热轧低碳钢不同冷却模式下的相变模拟与验证

利用计算机模拟技术，研究了控轧控冷中输出辊道上冷却模式对低碳钢相变的影响。以低碳钢SS400为例，针对鞍钢热轧带钢厂1780生产线，计算了输出辊道上3种不同冷却模式下低碳钢的相变行为，包括铁素体转变开始温度、组成相体积分数随时间的变化以及铁素体体积分数沿带钢长度方向的分布。研究表明，冷却模式对输出辊道上带钢的温度一时间曲线、铁素体转变开始温度及组成相的演化过程影响较大，但对最终组成相的体积分数影响较小。