超细晶粒钢的制备原理及技术

 介绍了国内外超细晶粒钢的发展情况;阐述了晶粒细化对钢铁材料综合性能的影响,从微合金化、形变诱导相变、热处理和新型机械控制轧制技术及磁场或电场处理等方面介绍了获得细化晶粒钢的关键技术,最后从实际应用角度出发,提出了超细晶粒钢生产及应用中存在的问题。     

超细晶钢在不同温度下塑性变形机制的研究

将晶粒尺寸分别为2、7、80μm的微合金钢在295～973K温度范围内进行单轴拉伸试验，通过对比分析3种不同晶粒尺寸微合金钢的工程应力一应变曲线及微观组织，讨论了超细晶粒钢在不同温度下的塑性变形机制。在295～473K范围内，3种不同晶粒尺寸微合金钢的塑性变形机制以位错运动为主；在573K，晶界滑动开始在超细晶粒钢中出现，在973K，成为塑性变形的主导机制；粗晶粒钢在573～973K范围内以位错运动为塑性变形的主要机制。     

等温压缩对高强度汽车钢WHT1300HF的马氏体相变及微观组织的影响

通过等温形变研究了形变参数(形变温度、形变速率、形变量)对高强度汽车钢WHT1300HF的微观组织转变和形貌的影响规律。研究结果表明:增加奥氏体等温形变量,有利于铁素体的缺陷形核,促进了形变奥氏体向铁素体转变;奥氏体的形变强化导致马氏体相变阻力增大,马氏体相变开始温度(Ms)下降,细小晶粒数量和小角度晶界数量增多;增加奥氏体等温形变(40%)速率能同时促进马氏体和铁素体相变,但马氏体体积分数和小角度晶界数量减少,细小晶粒数量略有提高;降低等温形变温度加剧奥氏体的形变强化,导致Ms温度下降,马氏体体积分数、小角度晶界比例减少,细小晶粒数量增多,铁素体含量明显增加。     

应变诱发铁素体相变对低碳钢晶粒细化的影响

研究了在奥氏体低温区变形时显微组织的变化,并测试了其变形抗力。结果表明：在Ar3以上温度变形会产生应变诱发铁素体相变,使变形抗力下降。通过降低变形温度,铁素体晶粒得到细化。     

Modeling of Incubation Time for Austenite to Ferrite Phase Transformation

 The giant stress-impedance (GSI) effect in as-cast and DC current annealed Co71.8Fe4.9Nb0.8Si7.5B15 amorphous glass-covered wires is presented. The SI ratio of the as-cast sample exhibits negative GSI effect. For the sample annealed by 60 mA DC current, the SI ratio first increases with applied tensile stress, then decreases with the applied tensile stress. The maximum ΔZ/Z ratio of 304% is obtained. Frequency dependence in the range from 1 to 110 MHz of the GSI effect is investigated. Experimental results show that the real part R and the imaginary part X of impedance play an important role at high frequency and low frequency, respectively. At 1 MHz, the maximum ΔX/X of 1 448% is obtained. At 110 MHz, the maximum ΔR/R ratio of 648% is obtained.     

Effect of Deformation on Order-Disorder Phase Transformation in Cu-Zn Alloy

The phase transformation temperature of ordered β' to disordered β in the Cu-Zn alloy was tested by DSC. The transformation activation energy was calculated and the effect of deformation of the phase transformation was discussed. The results show that the phase transformation temperature and activation energy of ordered β' to disordered β in the Cu-Zn alloy can be decreased going through deformation, and the phase transformation time can be also decreased. As a result, the order-disorder phase transformation occurs more easily.     

Microstructure Evolving Behaviors of Undercooled Ultrafine Austenite Grains During Deformation

 Samples with ultrafine grained austenite were prepared by repetitive rapid heating and quenching for three times and were used to investigate the dynamic microstructural evolving behaviors at different temperatures. A simultaneous development of dynamic strain induced transformation (DSIT) and austenite grain growth was detected at the deformation temperatures above Ar3, while only DSIT happened as the deformation proceeded at lower temperatures close to and below Ar3. In addition, a reverse ferrite to austenite transformation was also observed. Most of the strain induced ferrite nucleated on the boundaries of ultrafine prior austenite grains, especially at the corners and no evidence about intragranular nucleus was obviously obtained.     

液相还原法制备超细铜粉的研究进展

超细铜粉由于其特殊的性能,因而应用范围很广泛。其制备的工艺也引起了广泛的关注,其中液相还原法由于其特殊的优点,故研究的较多。文中阐述了液相还原法制备超细铜粉的工艺的研究进展以及铜粉表面改性的工艺,并提出了问题及对未来的展望。     

Effect of Niobium on Isothermal Transformation of Austenite to Ferrite in HSLA Low-Carbon Steel

Using thermomechanical simulation experiment,the kinetics of the isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite in two HSLA low-carbon steels containing different amounts of niobium was investigated under the conditions of both deformation and undeformation.The results of optical microstructure observation and quantitative metallography analysis showed that the kinetics of the isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite in lower niobium steel with and without deformation suggests a stage mechanism,wherein there exists a linear relationship between the logarithms of holding time and ferrite volume fraction according to Avrami equation,whereas the isothermal transformation of austenite to ferrite in high niobium steel proceeds via a two stage mechanism according to micrographs,wherein,the nucleation rate of ferrite in the initial stage of transformation is low,and in the second stage,the rate of transformation is high and the transformation of residual austenite to ferrite is rapidly complete.Using carbon extraction replica TEM,niobium carbide precipitation for different holding time was investigated and the results suggested that NbC precipitation and the presence of solute niobium would influence the transformation of austenite to ferrite.The mechanism of the effect of niobium on the isothermal transformation was discussed.     

Heterogeneous Phase Transformation Texture Evolution in Low Alloyed ULC Steel Sheets

In the present study the cold rolled sheet of ultra low carbon steel alloyed with manganese and aluminium has been investigated after α ? γ ? α transformation annealing in vacuum. The texture analysis was carried out on the surface, sub‐surface and in the bulk of the annealed sheet. A <100> // ND and <110>//ND texture with weak intensity is observed on the sheet surface and a strong <111>//ND fibre in the bulk of the transformed sheet. In depth micro‐texture analysis by orientation contrast microscopy reveals that two different types of orientation selection mechanisms could be active. The texture at the metal‐vapour interface is controlled by surface energy anisotropy (producing a local <100>, <110>//ND texture at the surface) and a texture memory mechanism generating strong <111>//ND fibre is active in the bulk of the sheets.     

中碳钢形变及冷却过程中的组织演变

热模拟单向压缩下,中碳钢形变温度低于Ad3（786℃）点时,析出形变诱导铁素体（DIF）,DIF量随形变温度降低而提高;在低于750℃形变时,DIF量远高于平衡态铁素体含量54％。DIF析出时碳原子高度富集在铁素体晶界和铁素体／奥氏体界面。形变后在低于A1（719℃）温度等温或控冷过程中。过冷奥氏体将发生不同类型的转变：高于Ad3形变试样中,奥氏体转变为铁素体＋片层状珠光体;低于Ad3点但高于Ar3（645℃）点形变时,未转变奥氏体转变为铁素体＋片层状珠光体＋晶界渗碳体;稍高于Ar3点形变时,将获得铁素体＋弥散渗碳体的球化组织。     

形变诱导铁素体相变热力学机制的探讨分析

 从热力学角度,对热模拟变形是否会改变顺磁性奥氏体的磁性自由能,为相变发生提供一定的驱动力这个问题进行了模拟研究。试验材料选用室温组织为顺磁性奥氏体的Fe Ni Cr合金,利用X射线衍射仪和振动样品磁强计,测量了不同变形条件下样品的X射线衍射谱线和磁化强度,结果表明：一定条件的变形可以改变顺磁性奥氏体的磁化强度,且随着变形量的增加,磁化强度逐渐减小,磁性自由能随之降低;通过分析磁性自由能降低的原因,从磁性自由能角度,提出了形变诱导铁素体相变的热力学模型修正因子。     

Mn-Al-C永磁合金相变动力学及τ相的稳定性

本文研究了成分为Mn 69.40%、Al 29.86%、C0.58%3元合金的相变动力学和3种不同成分Mn-Al-C合金的恒温转变过程,还用示差热分析法测定了合金在加热过程中相变的临界温度。实验结果表明:合金的恒温转变过程随成分不同而变化,处于亚共析成分时,τ相分解先析出γ相;处于过共析成分时,τ相分解先析出β-Mn相。τ相的稳定性取决于Mn/C比,含碳量一定,随Mn含量增加,τ相稳定性降低。必须使合金中的含碳量超过其在τ相内的溶解度极限,才能提高τ相的稳定性。     

普通碳素钢超细晶微观组织的特征分析

 用Gleeble热模拟实验机对2种不同成分的普通碳素钢进行实验，实验的过程为：以10 ℃/s加热到950 ℃，保温2 min，再以10 ℃/s的冷速降到变形温度(900~600 ℃)，以10 s-1或30 s-1的变形速率进行了变形量为80%的变形，变形后立即水淬。通过光学显微镜和透射电镜观察分析，确定了普通碳素钢利用形变诱导铁素体相变获得的超细晶组织及两相区变形获得的超细晶组织的典型形貌特征。     

高碳珠光体钢在温变形过程中的组织变化

用SEM、TEM等方法研究了一种原始组织为层片状珠光体的高碳钢在多向温变形(楔横轧)和单向温变形(压缩)条件下试样心部与表层显微组织的演变情况.结果表明,在多向温变形条件下,试样表层可获得铁素体晶粒与渗碳体颗粒尺寸均在0.3 μm以下的超微细(α θ)复相组织,心部渗碳体片虽已碎断并部分球化,但其排布形态与变形珠光体基本保持一致,而单向温变形条件下的情况则恰好相反;变形过程中试样所受应力、应变状态的不同是引起组织差异的根本原因.     

Nb的析出对变形诱导铁素体相变的影响

通过Gleeble2000热模拟实验机，研究了X65管线钢中Nb在变形奥氏体中的析出状态对变形诱导铁素体相变（DIFT）的影响。试验结果表明，在奥氏体临界区变形时，第一道次变形后，随变形后等温时间延长，诱导铁素体量变化不大。等温时间达120S时，变形奥氏体仍未发生再结晶。在道次间随时间延长，Nb的析出量增加，第二道次变形后诱导的铁素体也显著增加。微合金元素Nb通过碳氮化物的析出作用促进变形诱导铁素体相变。     

X70管线钢连续冷却过程的相变研究

以两种微合金化方式(Nb、V、Ti和Nb、V、Ti、Mo)的X70管线钢为研究对象,在MMS-200热模拟试验机上进行了双道次轧制工艺模拟试验,研究不同卷取温度、冷却速度对X70显微组织的影响.结果表明,随着卷取温度的降低及冷速的提高,金相组织细化.卷取温度在520℃、冷速在15℃/s左右可以得到较为理想的针状铁素体组织.Nb、V、Ti微合金化管线钢,当冷却速度为15℃/s时,带状组织完全消失.