钒钢的技术进展

 介绍了V在钢中的应用及V微合金化技术最新进展。通过含V钢中增N,利用廉价的N元素,优化了V的析出,显著提高沉淀强化效果,达到节约V用量及降低成本的目的。V-N钢中V（C,N）在奥氏体中析出,起到晶内铁素体核心作用,明显细化铁素体晶粒。V在贝氏体中的析出起到明显强化作用,提高了贝氏体的强度。V-N微合金化技术在高强度钢筋、高强度型钢、非调质钢、薄板坯连铸连轧高强度带钢等产品中获得广泛应用。     

钒微合金化钢的技术进展与应用

摘要：介绍了钒微合金化技术的最新进展以及钒钢的开发与应用情况。氮是含钒钢中有效的合金元素,含钒钢中增氮,优化了钒在钢中的析出,显著提高沉淀强化效果。采用钒氮微合金化设计,配合适当的轧制工艺,促进V(C,N)在奥氏体中析出,起到了晶内铁素体形核核心作用,实现了含钒钢的晶粒细化。最新的研究成果表明钒微合金化可以提高双相钢、贝氏体钢、相变诱导塑性钢、孪晶诱导塑性钢、热成型马氏体钢等汽车用先进高强度钢的强度并改善使用性能,显示出良好的应用前景。钒氮微合金化技术在中国高强度钢筋、高强度型钢、非调质钢、薄板坯连铸连轧高强度带钢等产品中获得广泛应用,大大促进了中国钒微合金化钢的发展。     

晶内铁素体型高强韧性微合金非调质钢的进展

晶内铁素体型微合金非调质钢成分一般为(%):0.2～0.4C,0.2～0.8Si,1.0～1.7Mn,0.05~ 0.15V,采用再结晶锻造或轧制、控制相变区间冷却速率以促进形成细小弥散的晶内铁素体组织是提高铁素体 -珠光体型微合金非调质钢强韧性的重要手段。选择合适的脱氧工艺,获得一定组成的细小、弥散的氧化物, 使之成为MnS、VN和V4C₃ 等的析出核心,利于晶内铁素体析出的氧化物冶金是近来提高该钢强韧性的重要 进展。介绍了国内外晶内铁素体型微合金非调质钢的化学成分和生产工艺,并分析了晶内铁素体形成机理。     

氮在非调质钢中的作用

介绍了氮在非调质钢中的有益作用。非调质钢中增氮,改变了钒在相间的分布,促进Ｖ（Ｃ,Ｎ）析出,使析出相的颗粒尺寸明显减小,从而增强了钒的沉淀强化作用、大幅度提高钢的强度。氮通过促进Ｖ（Ｃ〉Ｎ）析出,有效地钉扎奥氏体－－铁素体昌细化了铁素体晶粒。增氮还可促进晶内铁素体的形成,进一步细化了铁素体组织。对微钛处理非调质钢,增氮提高了ＴｉＮ颗粒的稳定性,更有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,充分利用廉价的氮元素,在保     

Chemistry and Process Optimization of V-Microalloyed N80-Class Seamless Casing Tube

The complex effects of different nitrogen (N) contents and thermal routines on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 33Mn2V steels for N80-Class seamless casing tube application were investigated using Gleeble simulation technique. The results showed that the N additions of 0.014%-0.021% in the steels for the in-line normalization process (ILNP) increased the strength while the toughness remained at a high level as compared with the steel with N content of 0.005%. It was also revealed that the N addition of 0.021% could enhance the performance combination of strength and toughness in the steels by using 700℃ as the cooling interrupted temperature (CIT) for the non in-line normalizing process (NILNP). It was further evidenced that the toughness was improved at expense of strength to some degree in all the steels by decreasing reheating temperature for the ILNP,while an increase of CIT for NILNP severely impaired the toughness and slightly improve the strength in the high-N steel with N content of 0.021%. This can be attributed to the dissolution and precipitation behavior of V(C,N). The optimization of V(C,N) precipitation could be achieved by enhancing N. The precipitation of V(C,N) in austenite was promoted by cooling to a certain temperature lower than the Ar1 for the ILNP. The V(C,N) particles formed in austenite contributed to grain refinement by the VN-induced nucleation of intragranular ferrite,but as a result the effect of precipitation on strengthening would become weaker due to a decrease of the precipitation of V in ferrite.     

钒氮钢中晶粒细化研究

 采用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机，在相同工艺条件下，对比研究了钒氮钢、钒钢以及碳锰钢的晶粒细化效果。结果表明，钒氮钢的晶粒细化效果最显著，铁素体的晶粒尺寸可达61 μm，这主要与在奥氏体区中析出的V(C，N)有关。奥氏体区析出的V(C，N)，不但可抑制奥氏体晶粒长大，同时还可以作为铁素体的形核核心，诱导晶内铁素体形成，大大增加铁素体形核率，从而提高了相变细化的比率。     

CSP生产的钒氮微合金钢的组织细化和析出物研究

 紧凑式带钢工艺（CSP）生产的钒氮微合金钢屈服强度超过600 MPa,韧性良好。采用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察发现,铁素体平均晶粒直径在3 μm左右,在铁素体晶粒内部分布着数十纳米和几纳米的两类V(C,N)析出物。细晶强化是主要的强化方式,在铁素体中析出的V(C,N)粒子起到了沉淀强化作用。分析了超细晶组织形成的主要原因。     

关于细化低合金钢铁素体晶粒的研究进展

回顾了近十年来低合金钢相变细化铁素体晶粒的进展。在无应变和有应变的条件下,给出了在相变过程中铁素体形核位置和密度的模型。探讨了晶内铁素体的形核机制;Ｖ－Ｎ钢中ＶＮ是优先生核的位置,更主要的是ＶＮ能抑制晶界铁素体的长大。追踪国际上获得超细晶组织的机理和方法,探讨了晶粒尺寸对屈服强度（σｓ）和冲击韧性转折温度（Ｔｃ）的作用,利用应变诱导动态相变机制获得超细晶组织。     

氮在非调质钢中的作用

了氮在非调质钢中所起的有益作用。在Ｎｂ,Ｖ,Ｔｉ三咱微合金化元素中,钒有较高的溶解度,钒有较高的溶解度,是非调质钢最常用也是最有效的强化元素。钒在钢中通过形成细小析出相起细化晶粒和沉淀强化作用。与碳相比,氮与钒有更强的亲和力,且氮化物更稳定,因此,氮对控制钒的析出起更重要的作用。大量研究结果表明,非调质钢中增氮改变了钒在相间的分布,促进Ｖ（Ｃ,Ｎ）析出,使析出相的颗粒尺寸明显减小。因而氮增强了非调     

Effect of Adding Nitrogen on Microstructure and Property of Vanadium Microalloyed Reinforcing Bar Steel

Worldwideattentionhasbeenpaidtomicroal loyedsteelwhichhasbeendevelopedrapidly .Manyadvantagesofmicroalloyedsteelhavebeenrecog nizeddeeply .Firstly ,themicroalloyedsteelhashighstrengthand goodcomprehensiveproperties .Sec ondly ,highprofitscanbegainedduetolowerpro ductionandapplicationcost .Themicroalloyingele mentsareaddedtomicroalloysteelsforgrainrefin ingandprecipitationstrengthening[1] .　　Theabilityofsecondphaseparticlestomaintainfinegrainsizesathightemperaturebypinningmi gratingboundarie…     

Ni含量对控轧控冷船舶用Nb-Ti微合金化NiCr钢组织和性能的影响

研究了0.31%Ni和0.88%Ni二种控轧控冷Nb-Ti微合金化NiCr钢的组织和性能。结果表明,船舶用钢控轧控冷获得粒状贝氏体、上贝氏体、针状铁素体、多边形铁素体及少量珠光体等组成的复合组织。控轧控冷造成铁素体晶粒尺寸细化,细小M-A岛增多。二种钢均获得较高的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和硬度,0.88Ni-0.32Cr钢性能优于0.31Ni-0.33Cr钢。船舶用钢-80℃试样纵向冲击功都在200J以上,0.88Ni-0.32Cr钢甚至超过了300J。该钢中最佳的Ni含量为0.88%Ni。由于控轧控冷造成了铁素体细晶强化、M-A岛复合强化、析出强化和位错强化,合金元素镍有效的提高了船舶钢的低温冲击韧性。     

Metallurgical Interpretation on Grain Refinement and Synergistic Effect of Mn and Ti in Ti-microalloyed Strip Produced by TSCR

The grain refinement mechanism and synergistic effect of Mn and Ti involved in the Ti-microalloying technology of thin slab casting and direct rolling （TSCR） were elucidated. Because the inevitable precipitation of TiN in high Ti-containing liquid steel decreases the volume fraction of TiN precipitated from austenite and the rapid coarse- ning rate leads to a large size of TiN particles, a relatively weak inhibition effect on the recrystallized grain growth was obtained compared with that in the low Ti-containing steel. However, the ferrite grain size in high Ti-containing steel can be refined by the so-called non-recrystallization rolling. The complex addition of Mn and Ti can improve the strength and toughness of strip remarkably, and the mechanisms are that Mn decreases the transformation tempera- ture, refines the ferrite grains, and enhances the formation of bainite and TiC precipitation in ferrite.     

珠钢电炉-薄板坯连铸连轧流程VN微合金钢组织性能研究

阐述了珠钢电炉-薄板坯连铸连轧流程VN微合金钢钒的析出规律、微观组织特征和强化机理。研究表明：在电炉-薄板坯连铸连轧流程采用VN微合金化,铸坯中析出以钒（C,N）为主,并有少量TiN或（Ti,V）（C,N）复合析出,平均粒度大约为40nm,热连轧开始前铸坯中大量存在的钒（C,N）能够抑制后续热连轧过程中变形奥氏体再结晶晶粒长大,使铁索体组织超细化;强化机制以细晶强化为主、沉淀强化为辅;采用VN微合金化技术开发的550MPa级VN微合金钢组织细化至3．0—4．0μm,产品具有良好的综合性能。     

Effects of austenite grain size and cooling rate on Widmanstätten ferrite formation in low-alloy steels

Deformation dilatometry is used to simulate the hot rolling of 0.20 pct C-1.10 pct Mn steels over a product thickness range of 6 to 170 mm. In addition to a base steel, steels with additions of 0.02 pct Ti, 0.06 pct V, or 0.02 pct Nb are included in the study. The transformation behavior of each steel is explored for three different austenite grain sizes, nominally 30, 55, and 100 μm. In general, the volume fraction of Widmanst?tten ferrite increases in all four steels with increasing austenite grain size and cooling rate, with austenite grain size having the more significant effect. The Nb steel has the lowest transformation temperature range and the greatest propensity for Widmanst?tten ferrite formation, while the amount of Widmanst?tten ferrite is minimized in the Ti steel (as a result of intragranular nucleation of polygonal ferrite on coarse TiN particles). The data emphasize the importance of a refined austenite grain size in minimizing the formation of a coarse Widmanst?tten structure. With a sufficiently fine prior austenite grain size (e.g., ≤30 μm), significant amounts of Widmanst?tten structure can be avoided, even in a Nb-alloyed steel.     

Effect of V–Nb Composite Microalloying on Microstructure and Properties of Non-Quenched and Tempered Forged Steel

Herein, non-quenched and tempered forging steels containing V and V–Nb are designed, and the mechanical properties and microstructure of two steels are compared and analyzed. The comprehensive mechanical properties of V–Nb containing steel are as follows: the yield strength is 525.1 MPa, the impact energy A_kV is 62.1 J at ambient temperature, and the elongation is 26.1%. It is shown in the results that the addition of Nb element can refine the grain size (17.2 μm), increase the ferrite content (54.1%), and refine the lamellar spacing of pearlite (274 nm). The formation of V (C, N) particles on MnS inclusions can promote fine ferrite nucleation and growth, and Nb element can further promote ferrite nucleation by forming coarser (V, Nb) (C, N) particles. The difference of yield strength and hardness between the two steels is mainly caused by the difference of precipitation strengthening, the precipitation-strengthening increment of V–Nb containing steel is 18.31 MPa higher than that of V containing steel, which is because the coarser-size (V, Nb) (C, N) particles produce stronger precipitation-strengthening effect. But the large-sized MnS inclusions are beneficial to the increase of crack driving force and reduce the plasticity and toughness.     

Thermomechanical processing of microalloyed powder forged steels and a cast vanadium steel

The effects of controlled rolling on transformation behavior of two powder forged (P/F) microalloyed vanadium steels and a cast microalloyed vanadium steel were investigated. Rolling was carried out in the austenitic range below the recrystallization temperature. Equiaxed grain structures were produced in specimens subjected to different reductions and different cooling rates. The ferrite grain size decreased with increasing deformation and cooling rate. Ferrite nucleated on second phase particles, deformation bands, and on elongated prior austenite grain boundaries; consequently a high fractional ferrite refinement was achieved. Deformation raised the ferrite transformation start temperature while the time to transformation from the roll finish temperature decreased. Cooling rates in the cast steel were higher than in P/F steels for all four cooling media used, and the transformation start temperatures of cast steels were lower than that of P/F steel. Intragranular ferrite nucleation, which played a vital role in grain refinement, increased with cooling rate. Fully bainitic microstructures were formed at higher cooling rates in the cast steel. In the P/F steels inclusions and incompletely closed pores served as sites for ferrite nucleation, often forming a ‘secondary’ ferrite. The rolling schedule reduced the size of large pores and particle surface inclusions and removed interconnected porosity in the P/F steels. Formerly Postgraduate Researcher in the Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, UMIST/University of Manchester, United Kingdom     

Recrystallization controlled rolling and accelerated cooling for high strength and toughness in V-Ti-N steels

Optimum thermomechanically controlled process parameters have been established for the production of Ti-V-N microalloyed high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels. On the basis of laboratory simulation and full-scale processing, it has been shown that nitrogen is an essential alloying element addition and full appreciation of its effects leads to the ability to utilize high nitrogen steel in connection with hot rolling in a high-temperature regime to produce HSLA products with very favorable combinations of yield strength and toughness. The effects of reheating temperature, rolling reduction, cooling rate, and finish-cooling temperature (FCT) on the ferrite grain size and mechanical properties have been examined. It has been shown that the potential for precipitation strengthening is dependent on vanadium, nitrogen, and cooling parameters. Accelerated cooling (ACC) prevents precipitation of vanadium nitrides in austenite and enhances both grain refinement and precipitation strengthening. By adjusting nitrogen content and processing parameters, a yield strength of 500 MPa and impact transition temperature (ITT) below -60 ‡C can be obtained in the as-hot-rolled condition in Ti-V-N steels, using high finish-temperature hot rolling and accelerated cooling.     

轧制工艺对V-N-Ti钢焊接粗晶热影响区组织和韧性的影响

摘 要: 为了分析大线能量焊接下接头低温韧性的影响因素,研究轧制工艺对V-N-Ti钢粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织和韧性的影响。试验结果表明,当终轧温度从950降低到800 ℃,且t_8/5(从800冷却到500 ℃的时间)为180 s时,CGHAZ中铁素体面积百分数从91.2%降低到53.9%,贝氏体面积百分数从0%增加到31.1%,-20 ℃冲击功从182降低到92 J。上述现象是由于终轧温度影响了母材中尺寸为30~70 nm的富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)粒子的成分。与低温终轧相比,高终轧温度条件下母材中富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)粒子的V元素含量较高,这使其在焊接加热过程中更易发生溶解,并在焊接冷却过程中以细小富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)析出,钉扎奥氏体晶界;焊接冷却过程中,富Ti-(Ti,V)(C,N)可以作为V元素的析出核心促进VN的析出,提高了其铁素体形核能力,改善了CGHAZ组织和韧性。     

The effect of Nb,V, N and Al on the creep rupture strength of 9–12 % Cr steel

The creep resistance of advanced chromium steels can be significantly increased due to precipitation of very small particles of vanadium nitride VN. The solubility and precipitation of VN, Nb(C,N) and AIN in austenite and ferrite was analysed using relevant solubility products. The calculated values of nitrogen in solid solution were used for assessment of creep rupture strength of chromium steel (mean considered chemical composition, mass contents in %: 0.18 C; 10.5 Cr; 1.0 Mo; 0.2 V; 0.07 Nb; 0.05 N; 0.01 Al). Increasing N mass contents from 0.03 to 0.07 % leads to increasing creep rupture strength in 100 000 h at 600°C of about 60 %. Lowering AI mass contents from 0.045 to 0.005 % produces higher creep rupture strength of about 30 %.