CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO夹杂物控制影响因素的多尺度结构

 对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO夹杂物熔点的影响因素进行了多尺度分析,利用Factsage模拟了CaO质量分数对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO夹杂物熔点的影响规律。多尺度分析表明,工位操作（101 m）影响夹杂物成分（10-10 m）的最后可控因素为钙线喂入量。其通过影响局部钢液中钙质量分数（100 m）来改善熔池的动力学条件（10-3 m）,改变夹杂物中CaO质量分数（10-10 m）。模拟结果表明,当CaO质量分数为30%时,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO相图中低熔点区域的比例达到最大。通过实例分析得到了夹杂物控制的工位级效应,表明了对钢液洁净度进行多尺度深入研究的可行性。     

不同碱度低氧化铝精炼渣对弹簧钢夹杂物成分的影响

为了优化55SiCrA弹簧钢中夹杂物的组成和形态,采用热力学软件Factsage分别研究了CaO、SiO_2含量对CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO与CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MnO系相图低熔点区域面积的影响,研究结果表明:随着CaO和SiO_2含量的增加,CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MnO系相图低熔点区域面积分数逐步增大;在CaO-SiO_2-Al_2O_3-MgO系中,当CaO的质量分数为40%,SiO_2的质量分数为50%时,对应相图的低熔点区域面积最大。同时,研究了不同碱度的精炼渣对钢样中夹杂物的影响,结果表明:当精炼渣的Al_2O_3含量相同时,随着精炼渣碱度的增大,夹杂物中Al_2O_3的含量不断增加,其成分逐渐偏离低熔点区域。当精炼渣中Al_2O_3的质量分数为8%,碱度为1.2时,可得到低熔点的塑性夹杂物,形貌多为球形,尺寸在5μm以下。     

EAF-LF-VOD-铸造流程ZG06 Cr13Ni4Mo钢中CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO系夹杂物转变研究

对大型水轮机组用超低碳马氏体不锈钢ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo中夹杂物进行了全面的分析和研究。在40 tEAF-LF-VOD-铸造流程的工业试验取样分析的基础上,运用Fact Sage热力学软件,研究了不锈钢冶炼过程中CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO系夹杂物的转变过程,得到夹杂物的熔点和塑性的变化规律。基于Fact Sage软件的计算,找到合理的夹杂物低熔点塑性控制区域,即在MgO含量为10%的CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃-MgO四元系相图中,夹杂物组分(%)为50～70SiO₂、10～20Al₂O₃、10～40CaO时,其熔点低于1 280℃。为得到低熔点的夹杂物,工业生产超低碳不锈钢应将脱氧剂Si/Al比控制在2～5。     

409L不锈钢冶炼过程夹杂物特征及成因

  对409L不锈钢AOD LF CC冶炼过程的不同阶段取钢样,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪研究了钢液中夹杂物的类型,并分析了夹杂物的形成原因。结果表明：AOD钢液中夹杂物主要为CaO SiO2 Al2O3 MgO;LF中夹杂物主要为MgO Al2O3 TiOx;中间包中夹杂物主要为MgO Al2O3 TiOx和TiN。     

Effect of Boron on Morphology of Inclusions in Tire Cord Steel

 Abstract： B2O3 was added to tire cord steel during refining in a carbon tube furnace. The influence of boron on the deformability of oxide inclusions was studied by metallographic and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. The melting points of boron-bearing compound oxide inclusions were calculated using Factsage software. The results showed that the main inclusion was a boron-bearing compound oxide and the deformation properties of the inclusions were clearly improved by adding B2O3. As the boron content was increased from 00046% to 0039%, the proportion of long strip type inclusions changed slightly and the number of inclusions decreased. The low-melting point areas of the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 ternary system increased with the addition of B2O3. Moreover, the area increased with the increase of B2O3 content. Clear improvements in the deformation ability of the inclusions occurred when the B2O3 mass percent rose to 5% in the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 inclusion system and to 10% in the MnO-SiO2-Al2O3 inclusion system.     

LF精炼渣脱硫的理论与工业试验研究

对超低硫钢生产过程中LF精炼渣脱硫进行了理论分析与工业试验,结果表明:优化精炼渣成分,提高光学碱度,强化钢水及炉渣脱氧,选择合适的渣量是提高脱硫效率的有效手段;武钢管线钢生产中LF平均脱硫率为55%;CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO(5%)渣系等硫分配比曲线图可指导生产选择合适的炉渣成分.     

GCr15轴承钢精炼渣结壳机理

 针对GCr15轴承钢生产过程中精炼渣结壳严重,导致钢液大量吸气、钢中夹杂物增多的问题,通过对结壳程度不同的精炼渣进行工业取样,采用化学分析、物理测试、微观测定的方法,研究其化学成分、熔化状况和微观结构对结壳的影响。研究发现,结壳物主要物相为钙铝酸盐、氧化钙、尖晶石和硅酸二钙,且高熔点的氧化钙、尖晶石、硅酸二钙先于低熔点的钙铝酸盐析出,并存在于钙铝酸盐之中,增加了钙铝酸盐晶体之间的结合强度,造成精炼渣结壳;应优化精炼渣成分,使其处于CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO相图中钙铝酸盐物相区,减少冷却过程高熔点物相析出,防止凝固结壳的发生。     

Cleanliness of Alloying Structural Steel

 Alloying structural steel used for mechanical structures has a high requirement for cleanliness because its failures are greatly affected by non-metallic inclusions and total oxygen content in steel. It has been reported by some steelmaking plants to have some problems in controlling total oxygen content and inclusions during alloying structural steel production. For this purpose, cleanliness control in 02C-03Si-06Mn-1Cr-02Mo steel was investigated. Firstly, low melting temperature zone (≤1873 K) of CaO-Al2O3-MgO system and formation condition of low melting temperature inclusions were investigated through thermodynamic equilibrium calculation. On this basis, industrial tests were carried out. Through sampling at different stages, transformation of oxide inclusions and change of total oxygen content in steel were studied. The results show that: in order to form CaO-Al2O3-MgO system inclusions with low melting temperature, mass percent of Al2O3, MgO and CaO in inclusions should be controlled from 376% to 708%, 0 to 174% and 255% to 606%; For the condition of 1873 K and 005% (mass percent) dissolved aluminum in steel, the activities of dissolved oxygen, magnesium and calcium should be controlled as 0298×10-4-2×10-4, 01×10-5-40×10-5 and 08×10-8-180×10-8 respectively. With secondary refining proceeding, average total oxygen content and inclusion amount decrease, the type of most inclusions changes from Al2O3 after tapping to Al2O3-MgO after top slag is formed during ladle furnace refining and finally to CaO-Al2O3-MgO after RH treatment. In the final products, average total oxygen content was 127×10-6 and most inclusions were in spherical shape with size less than 5 μm.     

SiO2-Al2O3-CaO-MgO系夹杂物低熔点区域优化及控制的热力学计算

为了预测CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO系夹杂物具有良好变形能力的成分控制范围,首次通过热力学软件Fact-Sage对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO系液相投影图、低熔点区域大小进行了计算分析,并以阀门弹簧钢60Si2CrA为例,对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO系低熔点夹杂物的生成条件进行了探讨.结果表明...     

典型含钛超纯铁素体不锈钢冶炼-连铸过程夹杂物衍变研究

通过热力学分析、扫描电镜和EDS能谱分析等方法,系统研究了一种典型含钛超纯铁素体不锈钢（/%:≤0.01C,17.5～18.5Cr,0.40～0.55Nb,0.10～0.25Ti）80 t K-OBM-S-VOD-LF-200 mm×1 240 mm CCM过程夹杂物的衍变。结果表明,VOD还原期采用Si-Al复合脱氧,夹杂物类型以Al2O3-CaO-SiO2-MgO和Al2O3-CaO-MgO为主,钛合金化后夹杂物转变为Al2O3-CaO-TiOx-MgO,由于此类夹杂物熔点高、尺寸大,且很难通过钙处理变性,容易聚集造成水口堵塞。通过提高铝钛比至0.11以上,降低钛合金化前钢中全氧含量至25×10-6以下,使用纯净的钛铁合金可以避免形成大尺寸的含TiOx夹杂物。     

切割丝用盘条非金属夹杂物对比分析

 借助Aspex Explorer全自动分析技术对日本神户制钢和国内某钢铁厂所产切割丝用盘条的夹杂物分析检测,详细讨论氧化物夹杂的尺寸、数量密度、成分以及形态。结果表明：神户所产盘条中夹杂物数量少、横截面尺寸均在5 μm以下,存在两类夹杂物,即富SiO2的SiO2-MnO-Al2O3-(R2O,R＝Na、K)系和低熔点的CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO-(MgO)系夹杂物,两类夹杂物沿轧向均能很好变形,国内某厂所产盘条中夹杂物也分为两类：SiO2-MnO-Al2O3以及CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MnO-(MgO),夹杂物数量多,变形差且检测到横截面尺寸5 μm以上的夹杂物。盘条化学成分分析表明,神户盘条中[w([Al]s)]为0.000 4%～0.000 6%,[w(T[O])]为0.001 2%～0.001 3%,国内盘条[w([Al]s)]为0.000 5%～0.000 6%,[w(T[O])]为0.001 5%～0.001 6%。     

CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系脱磷行为

利用Factsage软件计算了Al2O3含量对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系熔点和黏度的影响,并通过实验研究了在1 400℃时,CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3四元渣系对高磷铁水脱磷行为的影响.结果表明:渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间时,随着A12O3含量的增加,渣系的熔化温度迅速降低,进一步增加渣中的A12O3含量,渣系的熔化温度逐渐增加;Al2O3对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-Fe2O3渣系的黏度影响不大;渣中Al2O3的质量分数在3％～6％之间变化时,渣系脱磷能力变化不是很大,脱磷率维持在91％左右,进一步增加渣系中A12O3的量,脱磷率逐渐下降;Al2O3对脱磷率产生影响可能是其改变了炉渣中液相所占比例,进而影响磷从铁水中向液相渣的传质过程.     

连铸保护渣的熔化温度、凝固温度和结晶温度研究

采用CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系,通过测定熔渣的熔化温度、凝固温度和结晶温度,研究连铸保护渣的熔化温度凝固温度和结晶温度与化学成分之间的关系。熔化温度高于凝固温度和结晶温度。凝固温度和结晶温度之间的关系与连铸保护的玻璃性能有关。     

Inclusion evolution in 50CrVA spring steel by optimization of refining slag

In order to control the CaO-Al2O3 -SiO 2 -MgO system inclusions in 50CrVA spring steel in a lower melting temperature region, high temperature equilibrium experiments between steel and slag were performed in the laboratory, under the conditions of the initial slag basicity within 3-7 and the con-tent of Al2O3 between 18-35 mass%, to investigate the formation and evolution of this type of in-clusion.The results indicate that the total oxygen content in the steel decreases with the increase of slag basicity and the decrease of Al2O3 content in slags, and CaO-Al2O3 -SiO 2 -MgO inclusions tend to deviate from the low melting point region with the increase of Al2O3 content in slags.The most fa-vorable composition for the refining slag is composed of 51-56 mass% CaO, 9-13 mass% SiO2 , 20-25 mass% Al2O3 and 6 mass% MgO.In this case, the inclusions in 50CrVA spring steel are mostly in the low melting point regions, in which their plasticities are expected to improve during steel roll-ing.The MgO-based inclusions were observed in the steel matrix and the formation mechanism was theoretically and schematically revealed.It is also found that adding around 11 mass% of MgO into the refining slags is beneficial to reducing the refractory corrosion.Further work should be carried out focusing on the evolution rates of MgO-based inclusions.     

帘线钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3类夹杂物成分的控制

对帘线钢中CaO-SiO2-Al2O3类夹杂物CaO与SiO2的比值和Al2O3含量进行了研究,并且通过热力学计算对CaO-SiO2-Al2O3系塑性夹杂物的生成条件进行了讨论。结果表明：生产帘线钢时,为了得到塑性良好的夹杂物,钢液的氧活度应控制在0．0056～0．0113,而酸溶铝含量应控制在0．00010％～0．00025％范围内。     

RH用低碳深脱硫预熔渣

为实现低碳、超低碳钢在RH中进行深脱硫且钢水不增碳,在200kg真空感应炉上对RH用低碳深脱硫预熔渣进行了脱硫试验研究,结果表明:以CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-MgO为主的低碳深脱硫预熔渣熔点低、脱硫率高,可在真空条件下将钢液中硫的质量分数由30×10-6~50×10-6脱至10×10-6~20×10-6以下,脱硫率达到55%以上,脱硫效果好,脱硫率稳定。该预熔渣中碳的质量分数小于0.05%,在脱硫过程中钢水几乎不增碳,适用于在RH中低碳、超低碳钢深脱硫。研究表明:适当地提高炉渣的光学碱度,可大大地提高其硫容量,增强炉渣的脱硫能力。使用该预熔渣处理钢水有利于钢中夹杂物的去除和细化。     

Phase Equilibrium for the CaO-SiO₂-FeO-P₂O₅ System at 1673K for Dephosphorization With Multi Phase Flux

Development of the efficient hot metal dephosphorization processes during steelmaking process is one of the most essential topics for the production of high grade clean steels. Since the formation of solid solution composed of tricalcium phosphate and dicalcium silicate could obtain a considerable mass transfer of phosphorus from liquid slag into solid phase during hot metal dephosphorization, itcould obviously sustain a high phosphatecapacityof theliquid slag without huge consumption of lime or addition of fluxes, such as fluorite. The above outlines are the main idea of multi phase flux dephosphorization. For the last few decades, many studies have been done towards the scientific principles and the commercial utilization of this technique. However, the reaction mechanism by using multi phase fluxes remains unclear even by now due tolack of evidence. Based on those previous works, providing a reliable and available phase diagram for the fundamental understanding of the reaction mechanism of multi phase flux dephosphorization has become the main purpose of present research. As well known, the CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2O5 slag is the main component of current steelmaking process. Hence the CaO-SiO2-FeO-P2O5 system at equilibrium has been studied at 1673K with low oxygen partial pressure. The solid phase coexisting with liquid flux is approved to be the solid solution composed of CaO, SiO2 and P2O5. Phosphorus distributes mainly in solid solution rather than liquid phase.     

430不锈钢冶炼过程的夹杂物

 在430不锈钢冶炼过程的AOD结束、LF结束及中间包浇注末期分别取钢样,利用扫描电镜和能谱仪分析了夹杂物的类型及形貌特征,并探讨了夹杂物的演变规律及其形成原因。研究得知:随着冶炼过程的进行,钢液中总氧含量有所降低,夹杂物的含量逐渐减少,尺寸逐渐变小。夹杂物类型：AOD中主要为CaO-SiO2-MgO;LF和连铸中间包中主要为CaO-SiO2-MgO-Al2O3,但成分略有不同;中间包中发现有含MnO的夹杂物。AOD末期CaO-SiO2-MgO系夹杂物成分与炉渣成分接近;在LF以及中间包中夹杂物的成分与精炼工艺、保护浇注和钢液温度的降低有关。     

超低氧钢中复合夹杂物形成的实验室研究简

 通过实验室真空感应炉试验,研究了超低氧条件下钢中复合非金属夹杂物的形成。研究发现：在含有一定硫的超低氧钢中高熔点氧化物夹杂很少,大部分为MnS。钢中Al2O3的尺寸较MgO-Al2O3系夹杂要大。以高熔点夹杂物为异质形核核心析出的MnS能显著提高钢材的疲劳寿命,此种复合夹杂物的形成与钢液成分、高熔点夹杂物的尺寸有关。     

Inclusion Composition Control During LF Refining for SPCC Using FactSage Combined With Industrial Trials

Steel plate cold common (SPCC) is a Al-killed steel with Ca-treatment. The control of Al2O3 inclusion into low melting point liquid region is beneficial for inclusion removal, cast-ability promotion and defects reduction during rolling. Thus it is essential to understand steel-inclusion equilibrium since inclusion composition is determined by composition of liquid steel directly through steel-inclusion reaction. Thermodynamic calculation software FactSage is performed to understand how to control inclusion composition during ladle furnace (LF) refining, and industrial trials are carried out to verify calculated results. Firstly, target region for controlling CaO-Al2O3-MgO ternary inclusion is analyzed on the basis of the ternary phase diagram and the relationship between activities related to pure solid and activities related to pure liquid was fixed by thermodynamic analysis in order to obtain reliable activities for components of inclusions in the target region by FactSage. In addition, inclusions in steel samples are detected by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). It is found that most of Al2O3 inclusions are modified into lower melting point region but a number of them are still located in high melting point region at the end of LF refining after Ca-treatment. Moreover, the composition of liquid steel equilibrating with liquid CaO-Al2O3-MgO inclusion is obtained by steel-inclusion equilibrium calculation when w[Al]s is approximating 0.03% as: a[O] is 1.0×10-6 to 4.0×10-6, w[Ca] is 20×10-6 to 50×10-6 and w[Mg] is 0.1×10-6 to 3.0×10-6. At last, stability diagrams of various calcium aluminates and CaS are established and they show that liquid calcium aluminate inclusions form when w[Ca] is more than 20×10-6, but CaS precipitation is difficult to prevent because sufficiently low w[S] (<0.003%) is required.