不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用原位插层复合法制备不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料.通过XRD、SEM和TEM等手段表征不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的微观结构;通过拉伸、冲击和氧指数实验对不饱和聚酯/蒙脱土阻燃纳米复合材料的力学性能、阻燃性能进行研究.结果表明,当蒙脱土含量为0.5%时阻燃纳米复合材料与纯不饱和聚酯相比氧指数从22上升到24,此时拉伸强度提高8.76%,冲击强度提高68.65%.与阻燃剂/不饱和聚酯复合材料相比,同等阻燃级别下拉伸强度提高23.06%,冲击性能提高93.9%.     

阻燃聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

通过熔融挤出法制备出了膨胀阻燃剂/聚丙烯/有机蒙脱土(IFR/PP/OMMT)阻燃纳米复合材料,XRD分析表明,蒙脱土的层间距扩大,复合材料进入其层闻,形成了纳米复合材料;结果表明,当复合材料中IFR含量为25%时,加入4%的OMMT体系的缺口冲击强度为7.8kJ/m2,拉伸强度为25.3MPa,弯曲模量为1520MPa,极限氧指数(LOI)提高到26,而耐热性也得到提高,复合材料的综合性能最好;通过对膨胀炭层的SEM分析表明,OMMT可以使炭层更加紧密,阻燃性能进一步提高.     

活性橡胶与蒙脱土复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的结构与性能

制备了丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯(ATPU)和改性蒙脱土(OMMT)复合增强不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等研究了ATPU和OMMT的复合对不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的力学性能、热变形温度和结构的影响。结果表明,丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合具有协同效应,可以大大提高不饱和聚酯/玻璃纤维复合材料的冲击强度和拉伸强度,并使复合材料的弯曲强度、巴氏硬度和热变形温度略有提高;丙烯酸酯封端聚氨酯与改性蒙脱土的复合还提高了聚合物基体与玻璃纤维的界面粘合强度。     

熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能的研究

采用熔融插层法制备PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料.对制备的PET/蒙脱土纳米复合材料进行表征和研究,通过XRD分析了PET基体中蒙脱土片层的插层情况,发现达到预期效果;试验数据表明:有机蒙脱土使复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度下降,拉伸模量和弯曲模量上升;随着有机蒙脱土含量的增加,复合材料的阻隔性能得到提高.     

PA6/MMT纳米复合材料的制备与表征

采用原位聚合法制备PA6/MMT纳米复合材料。利用超薄切片法制备原子力显微镜观测样品,实现了对复合材料中纳米蒙脱土分散情况的原位观测。对复合材料进行了扫描电镜、差示扫描量热、热重、X射线衍射、单轴拉伸、缺口冲击等实验,结果表明,超薄切片法制备的PA6/MMT纳米复合材料原子力实验样品较好地实现了对纳米蒙脱土分散情况的原位观测。插层过程扩大了蒙脱土片层的间距,蒙脱土在基体中分散均匀。蒙脱土在基体中起到了异相形核作用,复合材料的结晶速率升高,热分解温度有所下降。拉伸强度与弹性模量随蒙脱土含量的增加而增加。相比于纯尼PA6,复合材料的冲击强度有不同程度的增加。     

阻燃聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及燃烧性能

采用直接酯化法,将共聚型阻燃剂羧乙基苯基次磷酸(CEPP)和对苯二甲酸以及乙二醇混合后酯化,在酯化产物中加入经过有机改性的蒙脱土,缩聚制备了阻燃聚酯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料(PET/MMT/CEPP)。用FT-IR、CONE对制得的复合材料进行了分析和研究,结果表明阻燃剂和聚酯发生了聚合反应,但加入的阻燃剂和蒙脱土在一定程度上降低了聚酯的特性黏度;PET/MMT/CEPP中的蒙脱土和阻燃剂起到了良好的协同阻燃效果,复合材料的阻燃性能有明显提高。     

蒙脱土改性尼龙6性能的研究

采用熔融插层法,通过双螺杆熔融挤出制备尼龙6(PA6)/蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料,测定其拉伸强度和模量、弯曲强度和模量、冲击强度等性能.结果表明,当复合材料中蒙脱土质量分数为2%时得到的PA6/MMT复合材料综合力学性能最佳.     

熔融挤出插层制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的探讨(Ⅰ)

通过双螺杆挤出机熔融挤出法制备出插层型聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料。利用有机蒙脱土的预凝胶测试,复合材料的透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察,熔体流动指数测试(M I),力学性能测试,耐热性测试等方法进行了表征。结果表明,通过本方法制备的聚丙烯/蒙脱土复合材料是典型的插层型纳米复合材料。该复合材料在有机蒙脱土质量分数仅为4.0%时缺口冲击强度提高了103%,耐热性有所提高,而屈服强度、刚性基本不变,为研制PPR管等同时具有高韧性和高耐热性的聚丙烯产品开辟了一条崭新的途径。     

无卤阻燃尼龙66/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

选用有机插层剂对蒙脱土(MMT)进行有机化处理后,使用熔融插层法制备了无卤阻燃尼龙66/有机蒙脱土(OMMT)纳米复合材料,测试了其力学性能及阻燃性能.结果表明,有机蒙脱土和少量纳米SiO2的加入能够提高材料的力学性能,当SiO2加入量为2%、蒙脱土含量为3%时,材料的冲击性能相对提高了19%,拉伸与弯曲性能也有所提高;当OMMT:SiO2为3:2,APP:MA为5:4,ZnO:APP比值为1.5:10时,材料的极限氧指数较纯聚合物提高了33.3%.     

UP/Na-MMT纳米复合材料的制备与性能

研究了UP／Na-MMT纳米复合材料的制备与性能，并考察了插层剂种类、有机蒙脱土加入量及离子交换量对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明，UP／Na-MMT纳米复合材料的XRD曲线中蒙脱土晶体结构的布拉格衍射峰已经消失，说明其晶层已被树脂撑开，达到纳米级分散；复合材料的耐热性能得到明显改善，其冲击强度和拉伸强度均有较大提高。     

Structural and optical properties of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer absorber

We report on the microstructure and optical properties of Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer films, deposited by electron beam (e-beam) deposition onto corning 1737 glass, silicon (1 1 1) and copper substrates. The structural properties were investigated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The optical properties were extracted from specular reflection/transmission, diffuse reflectance and emissometer measurements. The stratification of the coatings consists of a semi-transparent middle Pt layer sandwiched between two layers of Al_xO_y. The top and bottom Al_xO_y layers were non-stoichiometric with no crystalline phases present. The Pt layer is in the fcc crystalline phase with a broad size distribution and spheroidal shape in and between the rims of Al_xO_y. The surface roughness of the stack was found to be comparable to the inter-particle distance. The optical calculations confirm a high solar absorptance of ∼0.94 and a low thermal emittance of ∼0.06 for the multilayer stack, which is attributed not only to the optimized nature of the multilayer interference stacks, but also to the specific surface morphology and texture of the coatings. These optical characteristics validate the spectral selectivity of the Al_xO_y–Pt–Al_xO_y interference-type multilayer stack for use in high temperature solar-thermal applications.     

Optimization of AlxOy/Pt/AlxOy multilayer spectrally selective coatings for solar-thermal applications

Spectrally selective Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber coatings were deposited onto corning 1737 glass, Si (111) and copper substrates using electron beam (e-beam) vacuum evaporator at room temperature. The employment of ellipsometric measurements and optical simulation was proposed as an effective method to optimize and deposit multilayer solar absorber coatings. The optical constants (n and k) measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry, showed that both Al_xO_y layers, which used in the coatings, were dielectric in nature and the Pt layer was semi-transparent. The optimized multilayer coatings exhibited high solar absorptance α ∼ 0.94 ± 0.01 and low thermal emittance ? ∼ 0.06 ± 0.01 at 82 °C. The Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) data of Al_xO_y/Pt/Al_xO_y multilayer absorber indicated the Al_xO_y layers present in the coating were nearly stoichiometry. The scanning electron microscope analysis (SEM) result indicated that the average diameter and inter-particles distance of Pt grains were statistically about 146 ± 0.17 nm and 6-10 ± 0.2 nm respectively.     

Interfacial microstructure of NiSix/HfO2/SiOx/Si gate stacks

Integration of NiSi_x based fully silicided metal gates with HfO₂ high-k gate dielectrics offers promise for further scaling of complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor devices. A combination of high resolution transmission electron microscopy and small probe electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis has been applied to study interfacial reactions in the undoped gate stack. NiSi was found to be polycrystalline with the grain size decreasing from top to bottom of NiSi_x film. Ni content varies near the NiSi/HfO_x interface whereby both Ni-rich and monosilicide phases were observed. Spatially non-uniform distribution of oxygen along NiSi_x/HfO₂ interface was observed by dark field Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy and EELS. Interfacial roughness of NiSi_x/HfO_x was found higher than that of poly-Si/HfO₂, likely due to compositional non-uniformity of NiSi_x. No intermixing between Hf, Ni and Si beyond interfacial roughness was observed.     

Tc trend in high-Tc superconductors

In our previous works, we have shown that most existing ceramic superconductors can be considered to be built of superconductor-semiconductor composite and we have estimated the change in phonon spectrum of the intrinsic superconductor unit if a semiconductor unit is attached to it. Moreover, the proximity effect under the size quantization condition has been examined in the superconductor-semiconductor composite. Each of the stated effects by itself could causeT _c enhancement in general as more semiconductor blocks are added to the system. We extend our study in this paper to analyze the combined actions of phonon spectral change and proximity effect without size quantization condition onT _c variation in members of the Tl₁ series of high-T _c superconductors. Our results indicate that an optimumT _c is obtained if the stated effects are included in the idealized unit cells of the superconductors made up of a superconductor-semiconductor array.     

Anomalous Hall Effect in Sn1?x?yMnxEuyTe and Sn1?x?yMnxEryTe Mixed Crystals

The Anomalous Hall Effect (AHE) was investigated in IV–VI ferromagnetic semimagnetic semiconductors of Sn_1–x Mn _x Te codoped with either Eu or Er. The analysis of experimental data is as follows. Hall resistivity and magnetization showed that AHE coefficient R _s depends on temperature and its value decreases with thetemperature increase. We observe that above ferromagnet–paramagnet transition temperature R _s changes sign. We discuss the possible physical mechanisms responsible for observed temperature dependence of R _s , particularly change of the sign.     

Synthesis of a new perovskite Pb(Li14Nb34)O3

A high-pressure technique was adopted to obtain perovskite-type $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$. A new perovskite $\text{Pb(Li}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>4</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ was characterized to have a cubic symmetry with $\text{a}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>o</mtext>}}\text{= 4.069}\text{A}\text{?}$; Li and Nb ions in the B-site of perovskite lattice may be in a random arrangement.     

Bulk crystalline BaPb34Bi14O3: A ceramic superconductor

The preparation conditions of the high T_C ceramic superconductor Ba(Pb,Bi)O₃ is correlated with the superconducting transition. Transition onsets of all materials are similar, but transition widths and transition completeness is strongly dependent on firing temperature. Only materials prepared over a narrow temperature range, resulting in a nearly ideal weight loss, have a complete and narrow transition.     

Electrostriction in Pb (Zn13Nb23)O3

The electrostriction in $\text{Pb (Zn}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>1</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{Nb}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>2</mtext><mtext>3</mtext>}}\text{)}\text{O}{}_3$ crystals has been investigated using a strain gauge method. In the ferroelectric phase below 140 C, the strain vs the electric field shows a hysteresis, which is ascribed to the effect of ferroelectric domains. A quadratic relation holds between the strain x and the electric polarization P as x = QP² above about 170 C in the paraelectric phase. Values of the electrostrictive Q coefficients are determined from the measurements near 190 C, as Q₁₁ = 1.6·10^?2m⁴/C², Q₁₂ = ?0.86·10^?2m⁴/C², and Q₄₄ = 0.85·10^?2m⁴/C².     

Effect of pressure onTc in La2-xBaxCuO4 withx=0.125

The superconducting transition temperature,T _c , of La_2–x Ba _x CuO₄ has been measured under high pressure up to 8 GPa.T _c is found to change drastically at the pressure where the structural phase transition takes place. This finding clearly indicates that there exists an intimate relation between the crystal structure and superconductivity.