碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料的研究现状及发展

综述了碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料的最新研究进展,介绍了国内外在该领域研究的主要制备方法,并对各种制备方法的优缺点进行了分析.阐述了目前碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料领域所面临的主要问题:如何使碳纳米管均匀分散在基体中;如何使碳纳米管与镁基体界面结合良好.讨论了碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料的主要动向,并展望了今后的发展.     

碳化硅晶须增强铝基复合材料热残余应力的宏观特征

采用Ｘ射线宏观应力测试方法，测量ＳｉＣｗ／ＬＤ２复合材料的热残余应力，应用盲孔及电阻应变片技术，研究热残余应力对宏观应变释放的影响。结果表明，热残余应力在材料表面呈三向拉应力状态，且不能引进宏观应变释放，是伪宏残余应力。冷处理可降低复合材料的热残余应力。     

碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料制备及界面研究进展

在碳纳米管增强镁基(CNTs/Mg)复合材料制备过程中,碳纳米管间极易因范德华力团聚,且碳和镁浸润性差,因此,研究碳纳米管的均匀分散和良好的界面结合对CNTs/Mg复合材料的应用具有重要意义。本文综述了碳纳米管增强镁基(CNTs/Mg)复合材料的制备工艺进展和近年来国内外学者在改善界面结合与碳纳米管化学镀层方面的研究成果,总结了镁基复合材料的界面增强机制,并展望了CNTs/Mg复合材料未来的界面研究发展方向。     

表面冶金复合材料残余应力产生及对热疲劳性能影响

本文通过对基体及焊层材料线膨胀系数及焊层表面应力的测试，阐述了热喷焊层残余应力产生的原因主要与第一、二次冷却过程有关，表面冷却速度是影响焊层表面应力的关键因素，分析了表面应力对焊层热疲劳性能的影响，焊层表面残余压应力对焊层抗热疲劳性有利。     

树脂基纤维复合材料的热残余应力数值分析

以环氧树脂R368-1/硼纤维复合材料为研究对象,采用柱体单胞结构,建立了三维有限元分析模型。考虑试样加工制备过程和常温使用时的温度差,对残余应力分布特点和应力水平进行了讨论,给出了应力分布云图和应力沿径向的分布规律。进一步考察了纤维体积分数、温度差和附加界面层对残余应力分布的影响,结果表明,基体主要受拉伸应力作用,纤维主要受压缩应力作用,纤维体积分数增加和附加界面层有助于改善复合材料中残余应力的分布,试样制备温度的升高对纤维中应力的增加具有较大影响。     

金属基复合材料的热残余应力力学模型研究进展

金属基复合材料在高温制备的冷却过程中或热处理过程中由于组分间热膨胀系数（CTEs）的差异会产生较大的热残余应力，热残余应力对复合材料的宏观性能有着重要的影响。本文综述了分析金属基复合材料热残余应力的有限元模型和解析模型等理论模型，并指出有待深入研究的问题。     

碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料强化机制的解析法研究

采用剪切滞后模型理论分析了碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料受载时作用在复合材料上各组分的应力;考虑复合材料各种强化机制,建立碳纳米管增强镁基复合材料的屈服强度模型,研究了各组分性能参数对复合材料屈服强度的影响。结果表明,CNTs的长度对CNTs/Mg复合材料屈服强度的影响有限;碳纳米管层数越多或分散越稀疏越不利于提高复合材料的屈服强度;在一定范围内屈服强度随着温度差的增加而增加;CNTs的体积分数对复合材料屈服强度的影响存在最佳值。这表明该模型预测的复合材料屈服强度与实验结果较吻合。     

碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料研究进展

碳纳米管因其独特的结构而具有许多独特的性能,除了在半导体器件、储氢、传感器、吸附材料、电池电极、催化剂载体等领域具有非常广阔和诱人的应用前景外,碳纳米管在制备结构、功能以及结构/功能一体化复合材料方面也将大有作为.本研究对国内外碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究状况进行了综合分析,指出了存在的问题及以后的发展方向.     

复合材料层合板的固化残余应力和变形分析

本文采用非线性有限元方法研究了复合材料层合板在固化后期降温过程的残余应力和变形问题。考虑了材料的热物理与力学性质随温度的变化以及变化率和应力间耦合的影响。给出了一些有意义的结果。     

碳纳米管增强聚合物基复合材料进展

碳纳米管具有超常的力学性能、电性能和热性能,碳纳米管增强复合材料被认为是最有潜力的结构功能一体化复合材料.从阻碍碳纳米管复合材料高性能化的主要因素、碳纳米管复合材料增强体、碳纳米管复合材料成型工艺、碳纳米管复合材料性能等方面讨论了碳纳米管聚合物基复合材料的研究现状.     

Reduction of thermal residual stresses of laminated polymer composites by addition of carbon nanotubes

This paper studies the effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the thermal residual stresses in polymeric fibrous composites. Reinforced ML-506 epoxy nanocomposites with different amounts of homogeneously dispersed MWCNTs (0.1 wt.%, 0.5 wt.% and 1 wt.%) were fabricated using the sonication technique. Thermo-mechanical analysis and tensile tests of the specimens were carried out to characterize the thermal and mechanical properties of MWCNTs/epoxy composites. Due to the negative thermal expansion and high modulus of MWCNTs, addition of MWCNTs resulted in a great reduction of the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of epoxy. The MWCNTs also moderately increased the Young’s modulus of the epoxy. Then, the effects of adding MWCNTs on micro and macro-residual stresses in carbon fiber (CF)/epoxy laminated composites were investigated using the energy method and the classical lamination theory (CLT), respectively. The results indicated that the addition of low amounts of MWCNTs leads to a considerable reduction in thermal residual stress components in both micro and macro levels.     

碳纳米管增强铝基复合泡沫的阻尼性能

通过填加造孔剂方法制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）增强铝基复合泡沫,采用热机械分析仪研究了测试温度、频率、外加振幅、泡沫的孔隙率和CNTs含量对其阻尼性能的影响,并分析了相关阻尼机制。结果表明:复合泡沫铝的阻尼性能随孔隙率和振幅的增大而提高,随着频率的增加而下降。在环境测试温度25~200℃范围内,复合泡沫的损耗因子变化较小;当温度高于200℃后,损耗因子随温度升高有明显的提高。CNTs的加入可以显著提高泡沫铝的阻尼性能,常温下3.0% CNTs增强的铝基复合泡沫的损耗因子达0.27,为泡沫铝的3.71倍。复合泡沫的阻尼机制主要为位错阻尼、晶界阻尼、孔隙阻尼、CNTs的本征阻尼和CNTs-Al间界面阻尼,其中本征和界面阻尼发挥了重要的增强作用。      

Thermal residual stresses in metal matrix composites: A review

Recently, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have generated a considerable interest in the materials field because of their attractive physical and mechanical properties. However, during the fabrication of MMCs, thermal residual stresses are reportedly developed in the matrix as a result of the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients between the reinforcement and the matrix. It is well established that these residual stresses have a significant effect on the composite properties. For example, due to the presence of thermal residual stresses, it is almost never possible to achieve the maximum elastic response of the composites. In addition, yield stress and fracture toughness of the composites are significantly affected by thermal residual stresses. In this paper, a critical review of the published literature on thermal residual stresses in MMCs and their effect on composite properties are presented. Also, experimental and numerical techniques that are currently available to measure and estimate thermal residual stresses are reviewed and discussed.     

Thermal expansion behaviors of aluminum composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes

The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of aluminum matrix composite reinforced with 1.0wt.% multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) fabricated by cold isostatic pressing and hot squeeze technique was measured between 25 and 400 °C with a high-precision thermomechanical analyzer, and compared with those of pure aluminum and 2024Al matrix fabricated under the same processing. The results show that the CTE of the composite obviously reduces in relation to those of pure aluminum and 2024Al matrix due to the introduction of MWNTs. The addition of 1.0wt.% MWNTs to 2024Al matrix decreases the CTE by as much as 12% and 11% compared with those of pure aluminum and 2024Al matrix at 50 °C, respectively, which indicates that carbon nanotube reinforced metal matrix composite may be a promising materials with low CTE.     

圆板状SiC/C功能梯度材料残余热应力特征有限元分析

功能梯度材料残余热应力的大小及分布对其性能有效发挥及长期稳定使用有着较大的负面影响,为了尽可能充分发挥材料性能,增加材料的使用寿命,需尽可能减小残余应力以及使其合理分布.本文采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对不同叠层工艺参数的等离子体第一壁候选材料--SiC/C功能梯度材料(FGM)的残余热应力进行了数值模拟,获得了使热应力有效缓和的较适宜的工艺参数,对实际研发制备目标材料也可提供一些理论参照.相关结果表明,适量增加梯度叠层数及中间梯度层厚度可逐步有效缓和残余热应力,同时,针对本文今后应用的仍以炭材料为主体的炭基陶瓷保护层复合SiC/C FGM而言,纯SiC层厚度应取较小值,而叠层成分分布指数应取0.8～1.0为宜.     

Numerical aspects of finite element simulations of residual stresses in metal matrix composites

When a metal matrix composite (MMC) is cooled down from the fabrication or annealing temperature to room temperature, residual stresses are induced in the composite due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficients of the matrix and reinforcement. A thermomechanical model describing these processes is presented considering that the reinforcement component has a thermo‐elastic behaviour and that the matrix material exhibits a thermo‐elastoviscoplastic behaviour. The model is implemented with a semi‐implicit forward gradient finite element method algorithm and the resulting code is used to perform numerical simulations and calculate thermally induced residual stress fields in MMCs. Several tests are performed on a continuously reinforced MMC and a short cylindrical particle MMC in order to optimize the algorithm and define its governing parameters. Good agreement was obtained with results from other authors. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

C_f/Mg复合材料的热膨胀系数及其理论计算

采用负压浸渗-液固挤压法制备了定向短切碳纤维(aligned Csf)及穿刺-2D碳纤维织物(2.5DCf)增强镁合金复合材料,观察了两种复合材料的微观组织结构,测定了其在30～350℃范围的热膨胀系数(α),并在Schapery模型的基础上提出了计算定向Csf/Mg复合材料及2.5DCf/Mg复合材料α值的修正模型。结果表明,在30～200℃范围内,两种Cf/Mg复合材料的α值均表现出随温度的升高而升高的趋势,但在超过250℃以后,α值出现降低或稳定的现象,其原因为随着温度的升高,铝元素固溶度的增大、基体发生部分塑性变形等因素导致的;提出的修正模型理论计算值与其相应的实验测试α值之间的误差均在5%之内,表明该修正模型能够有效预测实验中的α值。     

Finite element simulation of the residual stresses in high strength carbon steel butt weld incorporating solid-state phase transformation

This paper presents a sequentially coupled three-dimensional (3-D) thermal, metallurgical and mechanical finite element (FE) model to simulate welding residual stresses in high strength carbon steel butt weld considering solid-state phase transformation effects. The effects of phase transformation during welding on residual stress evolution are modeled by allowing for volumetric changes and the associated changes in yield stress due to austenitic and martensitic transformations. In the FE model, phase transformation plasticity is also taken into account. Moreover, preheat and inter-pass temperature are included in the modeling process. Based on the FE model, the effects of solid-state phase transformation on welding residual stresses are investigated. The results indicate the importance of incorporating solid-state phase transformation in the simulation of welding residual stresses in high strength carbon steel butt weld.     

Alumina powder assisted carbon nanotubes reinforced Mg matrix composites

Mg matrix composites reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-Al₂O₃ mixture, which was synthesized by in situ growing CNTs over Al₂O₃ particles through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using Ni catalyst, were fabricated by means of powder metallurgy process, followed by hot-extrusion. By controlling synthesis conditions, the as-grown CNTs over Al₂O₃ particles possessed high degree of graphitization, ideal morphology, higher purity and homogeneous dispersion. Due to the ‘vehicle’ carrying effect of micrometer-level A₂O₃, CNTs were easy to be homogeneously dispersed in Mg matrix under moderate ball milling. Meanwhile, Al₂O₃ particles as catalyst carriers, together with CNTs, play the roles of synergistic reinforcements in Mg matrix. Consequently, the Mg matrix composites reinforced by CNTs-Al₂O₃ mixture exhibited remarkable mechanical properties.     

SDBS修饰碳纳米管及其增强聚乳酸复合材料的制备与表征

采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对碳纳米管进行表面修饰,并以其为增强体,利用溶剂蒸发法制备了碳纳米管/聚乳酸复合材料.采用红外吸收光谱、偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及拉伸实验研究了SDBS修饰的碳纳米管表面形貌和结构以及碳纳米管/聚乳酸复合材料的链结构、聚集态结构和力学性能.SDBS修饰可使碳纳米管均匀分散于有机溶剂中,并改善...