MnO2/CMSs复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

采用0.1 mol/L的KMnO4和0.1 mol/L的HNO3对化学气相沉积法合成的碳微球(CMSs)进行氧化后,在CMSs表面包覆MnO2层得到MnO2/CMSs复合材料,用H2C2O4洗涤MnO2/CMSs复合材料得到氧化CMSs。通过场发射扫描电子显微镜、高分辨透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪等对产物的形貌和结构进行表征,观察了氧化前后CMSs在水和乙醇中的分散性,并采用循环伏安法测试了MnO2/CMSs复合材料的电化学性能。结果表明:经KMnO4和HNO3处理的CMSs表面包覆有MnO2层,MnO2的负载率约为60%。MnO2/CMSs复合材料在中性溶液中有一定的电容性能;经H2C2O4洗涤后得到氧化CMSs,其表面引入了含氧官能团,使其在水和乙醇中均表现出良好的分散性。     

碳微球负载钌纳米颗粒复合材料的化学镀制备

以碳微球(CMSs)为研究对象,首先通过不同的氧化方法对CMSs进行表面改性,再利用SnCl2敏化溶液对改性CMSs进行敏化.最后采用化学镀的方法制备Ru纳米颗粒/碳微球(Ru/CMSs)复合材料.考察了不同改性方法和敏化液用量对CMSs表面化学镀Ru的影响.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱、热重分析和红外光谱等对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征和分析.结果表明,经400"C空气氧化改性后的CMSs制备出的Ru/CMSs样品纳米金属粒子均匀细小且加载率也较高;在其它条件不变的情况下,经0.5mol/L敏化液敏化处理制备的Ru/CMSs样品形貌最好.约15nm的钌纳米颗粒均匀地加载到碳微球表面.     

液相沉积法制备氢氧化镁包覆碳微球复合阻燃材料

以碳微球(CMSs)、氢氧化钠和氯化镁为原料,采用液相沉积法制备了Mg(OH)_2/CMSs复合阻燃材料,通过场发射扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了材料的微观形貌和结构;并结合Mg(OH)_2/CMSs复合阻燃材料与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)共混制备Mg(OH)_2/CMSs/PET复合材料,通过数显氧指数测试仪分析其阻燃性能。结果表明,通过液相沉积法Mg(OH)_2包覆在CMSs表面,且包覆效果较好;Mg(OH)_2/CMSs复合阻燃材料燃烧时分解生成的氧化镁(MgO)、水和残余炭层,使得Mg(OH)_2/CMSs/PET复合材料的极限氧指数由PET的21.0%增加到27.5%,并具有优良的抑烟性和抗熔滴性,提高了PET材料的阻燃性能。     

硅烷偶联剂对碳微球的表面化学修饰

首先采用混酸体系对碳微球(CMSs)表面进行氧化处理,使CMSs表面引入含氧官能团,进而以γ-(甲基丙烯酰氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷(KH-570)与CMSs表面发生缩合反应,得到了表面有机修饰的CMSs.利用傅立叶红外光谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱等检测手段对各阶段的产物进行了形貌和结构表征,并研究了其在乙...     

KOH/TiO2-AC涂层电极制备及其电吸附除盐性能研究

通过溶胶凝胶法对KOH浸渍改性后的活性炭(AC)进行TiO2的负载,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积及孔径测试(BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对材料进行表征,并将复合材料做成涂层电极用于电吸附研究.结果表明,TiO2成功负载在AC上,晶型为锐钛矿型,并且表面存在着C-O...     

紫外光辐照氧化碳微球

采用紫外光辐照不同氧化剂体系对碳微球(CMSs)表面进行化学修饰,引入含氧官能团以改善其表面惰性。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对样品进行形貌分析,通过红外光谱、热重分析、X射线光电子能谱和酸碱滴定法对处理后样品表面的含氧官能团进行定性和定量分析,并观察了氧化后CMSs在乙醇中的分散性。结果表明:UV辐照下3种氧化体系(H2O2,H2O2+HNO3,H2 O2+H2 SO4)修饰的CMSs表面均引入了含O官能团;相对而言,UV/H2 O2+H2 SO4体系氧化处理的CMSs表面引入的含氧官能团总量最多,这为碳材料提供了一种新型高效的氧化技术。     

蒙脱土负载引发剂法制备PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料

将引发剂过硫酸钾(KPS)负载在MMT片层上制得负载型引发剂MMT-KPS-1和MMT-KPS-2.进而引发甲基丙烯酸(MAA)聚合制备聚甲基丙烯酸/蒙脱土(PMAA/MMT)纳米复合材料.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)、热分析(DTA)分别对负载引发剂和纳米复合材料进行表征.结果表明,KPS进入MMT的片层间,并且负载引发剂(MMT-KPS-1)的引发活性较KPS有所提高;所制备的PMAA/MMT纳米复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料,应用于皮革鞣制所得坯革的湿热稳定性、增厚率、抗张强度、撕裂强度都有所提高,鞣后浴液中铬含量显著降低.     

高锰酸钾对炭微球表面的改性

首先采用化学气相沉积法,在氩气气氛下,以脱油沥青为原料制备了炭微球(CMSs);然后用不同浓度的KMnO4溶液对CMSs进行处理,使得CMSs表面被氧化并包覆一层MnO2;最后用草酸洗涤产物,除去MnO2。通过场发射扫描电镜对CMSs氧化前后的形貌进行观察,用X-射线衍射对产物进行结构表征,并考察了氧化前后的CMSs在水和乙醇中的分散性。结果表明:当用0.1mol/L的KMnO4氧化改性CMSs后,CMSs表面包覆了一层MnO2,形成MnO2/CMSs复合材料。经过量的草酸进行洗涤,得到的产物在水中分散效果很好,且在乙醇中也有一定分散性。氧化后CMSs的表面存在亲水活性位点,为CMSs的进一步功能修饰奠定了基础。     

CMSs/APP对PET阻燃性能的影响

结合阻燃剂复配技术,以碳微球(CMSs)与聚磷酸铵(APP)为添加材料,通过熔融共混法制备了CMSs/APP/PET复合材料。采用锥形量热仪(CONE)、极限氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对CMSs/APP/PET复合材料的阻燃性能进行了研究,并对CMSs与APP的配比及含量进行优化。结果表明,单独添加3%CMSs可使PET的LOI值提高到25.1%,释热速率峰值(PHRR)从513.22 kW/m²下降到382.51 kW/m²,但该复合材料不能通过UL-94的测试;单独添加3%APP仅可使PET的LOI值提高到21.9%,但其UL-94可达到V-0级。通过探讨不同配比的CMSs/APP对PET阻燃性能的研究发现,在CMSs/APP的添加量为2%,质量比为1∶2时,CMSs/APP/PET复合材料的阻燃效应最佳,其LOI值可达27.5%, PHRR值下降了45.4%,总产烟量(TSP)由14.4 m²下降到12.4 m²,残炭量由13.2%增加到17.3%,且UL-94可达到V-0级,可满足PET在不同燃烧方向的阻燃要求。     

自组装合成表面包覆壳聚糖的碳微球

采用静电自组装实现了壳聚糖(CS)对碳微球(CMSs)的包覆。将化学气相沉积法制得的CMSs用HNO3和H2O2混合溶液进行表面氧化修饰,引入含氧官能团,使其表面带负电,通过静电作用力与带正电的CS自组装,从而改变了CMSs的表面活性。利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、傅立叶红外光谱仪、X-射线衍射仪及热重分析仪等检测手段表征了产物的形貌和结构特征。结果表明:CS成功地组装到CMSs表面,当CMSs与CS的质量比为1∶2时,CS均匀覆盖于CMSs表面,而且在水溶液和乙醇中的分散性较好。     

Synthesis and characterization of Znq2 and Znq2:CTAB particles for optical applications

High luminescent zinc (ii)-bis (8-hydroxyquinoline) Znq2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the simple precipitation method in pure form and with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as cationic surfactant. The crystalline nature of title samples was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. Thermo gravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis were carried out to find the thermal stability of the synthesized samples. The morphology and elemental analyses of the samples were studied by scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive X-ray analyser, respectively. The functional groups of these nanoparticles were analysed and assigned using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectral study. The optical property of Znq2 and Znq2:CTAB was confirmed by UV–vis–NIR spectral study. The band gap of Znq2 was calculated. The synthesized Znq2 and Znq2:CTAB nanoparticles were confirmed by photoluminescence studies for organic-light-emitting diode applications as emission and electron transport layers.     

镍/碳微球复合材料的制备和表征

碳微球与微米镍粉按一定比例混合后,经过6h机械球磨并在1600℃真空热处理,合成了微米镍/碳复合材料。通过场发射扫描电镜(FESME)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对产物进行表征。结果表明,产物为碳包覆镍金属颗粒,粒径200～400nm的镍颗粒被30～100nm的碳层包覆,碳层的石墨化程度较高;产物石墨化碳层的形成缘于Ni3C的形成和分解。     

Influence of sucrose solution's pH on hydrothermally synthesized carbon microspheres

Using the hydrothermal method, carbon microspheres (CMSs) were prepared in sucrose solutions of different pH values by adding different amounts of HCl and NaOH. The surface structure and properties of the CMSs were characterized by SEM coupled with XRD, and the CMS particle size was analyzed using Nano Measurer 1.2.5. The results show that pH affects the shape, surface smoothness, dispersion, and particle size uniformity of the CMSs. The CMSs are larger for pH 7. In addition, when NaCl was added to the neutral sucrose solution, the growth and particle size of the CMSs were obviously affected, but their morphology remained the same.     

变压吸附分离CH_4/N_2的分子筛吸附剂进展

综述了国内外变压吸附(PSA)分离CH4/N2所采用的分子筛吸附剂,包括沸石分子筛(ZMS)与碳分子筛(CMS)的研究和应用状况;介绍了ZMS和CMS的种类及其PSA分离CH4/N2的原理和效果;详细阐述了不同种类ZMS的组成、孔结构与其PSA分离CH4/N2效果之间的关系;分析了各种不同分子筛PSA分离CH4/N2中的优势与不足。具有动力学分离效应的分子筛型吸附剂在分离CH4/N2的PSA过程中具有能耗费用低、分离效果较好的优势,因此加强其研发将是今后的发展趋势。     

坐标测量系统的几何误差补偿

坐标测量系统（CMSs）的软件补偿由于能以很低的价格,显著地改善系统性能而获得广泛的应用．即使对于已经建立了完善模型方程的坐标测量系统,仍然存在与其相适配的确定模型参数的过程是否最佳的问题．在更差的情况下,模型方程尚未建立,需要从建模到试验的全部实践．文中从补偿过程的角度讨论这一问题。确定了需要遵循的一系列步骤．对于每一步骤,指出了相关的问题,并提出建议．讨论了两种在性质和数学描述上有很大差别的坐标测量系统．     

The analysis of feature-based measurement error in coordinate metrology

Coordinate measurement systems (CMSs) dominate the dimensional control and diagnostics of various manufacturing processes. However, CMSs have inherent errors caused by the lack of a tracing ability for some of the measured part features. This is important for product inspection and process variation reduction in a number of automated manufacturing systems, such as for example the automotive body assembly process. The lack of a feature tracing ability means that instead of measuring a given feature, the CMS may actually measure the area around the selected feature. In this paper, a principle for the part feature tracing ability and the resultant feature-based measurement error analysis are developed to estimate the aforementioned deficiencies in the CMSs. The impact of feature type and part(s) positional variation on the feature-based measurement error is explored. The proposed approach is applicable to both contact and non-contact CMSs including both mechanical and optical coordinate measuring machines An analysis of the error for different measurement algorithms is presented. We show that the developed feature-based measurement error can have a significant impact on the measurement accuracy and hence on process control and the diagnostic algorithms currently used in manufacturing. A feature-based error map and error compensation approach are also developed and presented. Simulations, experimental results and two industrial case studies illustrate the proposed method.