基于视-触跨模态感知的智能导盲系统

盲人活动援助是盲人日常生活的重要组成部分。这些技术大多用于帮助盲人导航和躲避障碍物,很少有研究将地面信息转换成一种给用户直观感受的触觉信息。为了满足上述需求,本文提出了一种可以提供触觉反馈的盲人辅助地面识别智能导盲杖系统。试图利用深度生成对抗训练的方法来产生振动触觉刺激,使用改进的DiscoGAN训练了我们的端到端生成网络。为了训练我们的网络,构建了视触跨模态数据集GroVib。通过上机实验和实物实验来评估方案的可行性,通过上机实验结果表明参与者通过触觉识别地面的准确率为84.7%,触觉的平均真实感受得分为71.3,在真实场景实验中,参与者只需平均3.35次尝试就可以根据触觉反馈来识别地面。     

基于分布式触觉感知的智能脊柱矫形装置研究

脊柱侧弯在青少年中的发病率越来越高,严重影响青少年的心理和生理健康,如何矫正青少年不良姿态的问题迫切需要解决。为帮助脊柱侧弯的青少年得到更好的治疗,开展了基于分布式触觉传感技术的智能脊柱矫形装置研究。针对现有的支具治疗法在日常监督和提醒方面的不足,提出了将分布式触觉传感器用于矫形支具上,以提高其治疗效率。研究包括分布式触觉传感系统设计、支具设计和APP软件设计,采用模糊算法控制提醒强度,并对该算法进行实验验证。实验证明,该系统能在用户产生不良姿态时实时提醒,并能对用户的恢复情况进行检测,具有良好的实用价值;将分布式触觉传感技术应用在矫形支具上,可大大提高其智能化,为治疗青少年的脊柱侧弯问题提供帮助。     

Reinforcement learning-based shared control for walking-aid robot and its experimental verification

A walking-aid robot is an assistive device for enabling safe, stable and efficient locomotion in elderly or disabled individuals. In this paper, we propose a reinforcement learning-based shared control (RLSC) algorithm for intelligent walking-aid robot to address existing control problems in cooperative walking-aid robot system. Firstly, the intelligent walking-aid robot and the human walking intention estimation algorithm are introduced. Due to the limited physical and cognitive capabilities of elderly and disabled people, robot control input assistance is provided to maintain tactile comfort and a sense of stability. Then, considering the robot’s ability to autonomously adapt to different user operation habits and motor abilities, the RLSC algorithm is proposed. By dynamically adjusting user control weight according to different user control efficiencies and walking environments, the robot can improve the user’s degree of comfort when using the device and automatically adapting to user’s behaviour. Finally, the effectiveness of our algorithm is verified by experiments in a specified environment.     

压阻式触觉传感器对法向力和剪切力的检测

灵活的触觉传感器应该具有像皮肤一样的功能,能够检测施加力的大小和方向.改进的压阻式触觉传感器,主要由中心芯和4个侧壁组成,法向力和剪切力的感测元件不同.将压阻式触觉传感器嵌入到一个聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性体中,以实现力的柔性检测.通过仿真分析,得到此种触觉传感器对法向力的检测范围为600 Pa~65 kPa,可测得的最小剪切力为900 Pa.通过进一步分析,得到施加法向力和剪切力时法向力感测元件阻值的变化曲线,可得此种触觉传感器能够有效降低法向力感测元件与剪切力感测元件之间的干扰.所开发的触觉传感器可以灵活检测施加的法向力和剪切力,可应用于机器人手臂和假肢上.     

振动触觉纹理再现技术研究综述

纹理力触觉再现是通过特定的硬件装置模拟产生与物体纹理表面接触时的触感，使用户能感受到物体的粗糙度、软硬度等纹理特征信息。振动刺激作为再现物体触觉信息的一种刺激方式，在纹理触觉再现中被广泛运用，产生了不同的振动触觉表达装置和纹理触觉表达方法。从纹理触觉认知的角度，阐述了人对振动刺激的触觉感知生理学基础；介绍了纹理触觉再现的原理和方法；从振动与纹理特征的映射方法以及振动刺激方式两个方面分析了目前振动触觉纹理再现技术的发展现状；最后对相关研究的发展进行了总结展望。     

Tactile display and vibrotactile pattern recognition on the torso

A wirelessly controlled tactile display has been designed, fabricated and tested for use as a navigation aid. The display comprises a 4 × 4 array of vibrating motors that is mounted on a waist band and stimulates the skin across the lower back. Three types of electromechanical actuators were evaluated for use in the display; based on their mechanical performance and power requirements, two of these motors were then used to fabricate tactile displays. The performance of the displays and the wireless tactile control units was assessed experimentally by having subjects identify which of eight possible vibrotactile patterns was presented to the lower back. The results indicated that subjects could recognize the vibrotactile patterns with almost perfect accuracy and that there was no difference between the two types of motor used for the displays. Moreover, the ability to recognize the pattern of vibrotactile stimulation was superior on the back as compared to the forearm. A further experiment confirmed that the tactile display can be used as a navigation aid outdoors and that the vibrotactile patterns presented can be interpreted as directional or instructional cues with almost perfect accuracy.     

A Fuzzy Classifier for Tactile Sensing

In this paper we propose a fuzzy rule-based algorithm for solvingclassification problems related to tactile sensing. A tactile sensing systemis a robotic device which gives an image of contacting objects. While thefine form recognition problem has been widely discussed and severaltechniques have been proposed for its solution (Bayesian approach or Neuralalgorithms), less attention has been paid to the problem of deciding whetherthe object belongs to a particular class or set of objects that share acommon feature, also known as tactile primitive. As input data we considerthe sum of the normal stresses at the sensing sites. Three levels ofclassification, hierarchically connected, are analyzed and, for each level,different basis variables with their membership functions are proposed andcalibrated using a training procedure. The output is an answer regarding thefeatures of the object at each level and is related to the truth values ofthe fuzzy classes. The numerical experiences show that, at least for dataaffected by low noise level, the algorithm has a very high percentage ofcorrect answers.     

KAT II: Tactile Display Mouse for Providing Tactile and Thermal Feedback

This paper proposes a tactile display mouse providing both pin-array-type tactile feedback and thermal feedback. The pin-array-type tactile display is composed of a 6 × 5 pin-array that is actuated by 30 piezo-electric bimorphs. Micro shape and vibrotactile feedback can be generated by the device, and various planar distributed patterns can be displayed as can Braille cell patterns. The thermal feedback device is composed of a thin-film resistance temperature detector, a Peltier thermoelectric heat pump and a water cooling jacket. Users can discriminate among different materials by considering the temperature variation that can be sensed as they touch an object's surface. This paper also includes an experimental evaluation of the tactile display mouse to prove the effectiveness of displaying textures. Evaluation of the ability to identify material properties was conducted using the thermal feedback part that displays a simulated temperature profile. To investigate thermo–tactile interaction, an experiment determining perceived magnitude of vibrotactile stimulus according to different temperature conditions was conducted.     

Improvising through the senses: a performance approach with the indirect use of technology

This article explores and proposes new ways of performing in a technology-mediated environment. We present a case study that examines feedback loop relationships between a dancer and a pianist. Rather than using data from sensor technologies to directly control and affect musical parameters, we captured data from a dancer’s arm movements and mapped them onto a bespoke device that stimulates the pianist’s tactile sense through vibrations. The pianist identifies and interprets the tactile sensory experience, with his improvised performance responding to the changes in haptic information received. Our system presents a new way of technology-mediated performer interaction through tactile feedback channels, enabling the user to establish new creative pathways. We present a classification of vibrotactile interaction as means of communication, and we conclude how users experience multi-point vibrotactile feedback as one holistic experience rather than a collection of discrete feedback points.     

遥控机器人触觉显示器

操作遥控机器人时，希望将远方的触觉传感器的信息以触觉方式重现给操作者．这就需要触觉显示部件．本文介绍了触觉显示部件的原理，发展和分类，描述了人类的触觉生理机制，并对触觉显示部件在遥控机器人中的应用及发展前景作出评价     

中国微米纳米-基于混合频率激励的新型公共电极式电容触觉传感阵列设计

本文设计了一种基于混合频率激励的三自由度柔性电容触觉传感阵列。每个传感单元中由传感电极层上的四片传感电极和公共电极层上的一片公共电极构成四个电容传感子单元,当四个电容传感子单元按正方形排列时,所测得的接触力将被分解为一组正向压力和两组剪切力分量。信号采样采用混合频率激励的方法替代单频激励,四片传感电极分为激励端和输出端,激励端加载频率分别为f1和f2的两组电压信号Ui1和Ui2,输出端的两组信号通过带通滤波器可提取四组谐波分量,从而实现四个电容传感子单元的电容量测量。该方法简化了信号采样机构,有效实现多维触觉信息的同步检测与分离。每个传感单元在z轴方向的正向压力测试灵敏度为0.17%/mN,x-y轴方向的灵敏度为0.43%/mN。结果表明该触觉传感阵列是一种有价值的可实现低成本触觉传感的新型测量装置。     

基于触滑觉感知的智能假肢抓握控制方法研究

【】触觉和滑觉感知功能是仿生假手不可或缺的感知功能。本文在原有智能假肢的基础上,通过对触滑觉感知方法的研究,包括触滑觉传感器的选型、后续测量电路的设计和测点布局分析等,开发了一种可以同时实现触觉和滑觉感知的智能假肢。进而,通过模糊逻辑控制方法的引入,实现了假肢的可靠抓握功能及抓握保持过程中的自适应响应控制。实验结果表明,该智能假肢可以实现假肢抓握的稳定控制,并在被抓握物体产生滑动时进行精准快速的自适应响应控制。     

一种新型智能机器人触觉传感服装的研究

触觉技术在机器人感觉系统中占有非常重要的地位,同听觉、视觉一样,触觉是机器人感知外部世界信息的一种重要手段.文中对智能机器人触觉传感服装的理论模型进行了详细的论证,提出利用导电橡胶的压阻特性,设计阵列式触觉传感服装模型以及相应的信号处理和采集显示的软硬件系统,并通过实验取得了良好的效果.     

Tactile displays: guidance for their design and application

OBJECTIVE: This article provides an overview of tactile displays. Its goal is to assist human factors practitioners in deciding when and how to employ the sense of touch for the purpose of information representation. The article also identifies important research needs in this area. BACKGROUND: First attempts to utilize the sense of touch as a medium for communication date back to the late 1950s. For the next 35 years progress in this area was relatively slow, but recent years have seen a surge in the interest and development of tactile displays and the integration of tactile signals in multimodal interfaces. A thorough understanding of the properties of this sensory channel and its interaction with other modalities is needed to ensure the effective and robust use of tactile displays. METHODS: First, an overview of vibrotactile perception is provided. Next, the design of tactile displays is discussed with respect to available technologies. The potential benefit of including tactile cues in multimodal interfaces is discussed. Finally, research needs in the area of tactile information presentation are highlighted. RESULTS: This review provides human factors researchers and interface designers with the requisite knowledge for creating effective tactile interfaces. It describes both potential benefits and limitations of this approach to information presentation. CONCLUSION: The sense of touch represents a promising means of supporting communication and coordination in human-human and human-machine systems. APPLICATION: Tactile interfaces can support numerous functions, including spatial orientation and guidance, attention management, and sensory substitution, in a wide range of domains.     

导电橡胶触觉传感器阵列的标定实验研究

导电橡胶传感器是智能机器人服装的核心机件;标定出导电橡胶传感器的压阻特性是实现智能机器人触觉传感服装的核心内容之一;实验中,将导电橡胶安装在柔性阵列电极板里制作成触觉传感器阵列服装。对该传感器提出多种测量方法,确立其标定模型;给出数据建模的一般步骤。指出导电橡胶传感器设计的改进方向与部分方法。     

A sweeping mode integrated fingerprint sensor with 256 tactile microbeams

This paper reports recent advances in the development of a tactile fingerprint sensor made by a CMOS compatible front side bulk micromachining technology. This device enables the measurement of a fingerprint by the way of a mechanical scanning principle of the finger roughness. While this sensing principle has shown good results on a first prototype of reduced width, we present here the design, fabrication and test of a new sensor. This sensor contains 256 pressure sensitive microbeams for a total length of 1.28 cm and is fully integrated with analog and mixed signal electronics. In this paper we will detail the general working principle of the tactile fingerprint sensor and the two prototypes that have been manufactured and tested with a special focus on the electronic architecture and the test results of the second prototype.     

一种触觉感知与脑启发的触觉传感系统

触觉智能感知是当前研究的热点问题之一.然而,大规模触觉数据集的缺乏限制了机器人触觉感知领域的发展,解决问题的关键在于构建覆盖手掌的高时空分辨率触觉压力传感器系统.对此,构建一种脑启发的触觉传感系统(BITSS),以高时空分辨率对触觉压力信息进行获取,并实现基于脉冲事件的触觉感知.受皮肤触觉感受器启发,BITSS使用神经形态模型对触感压力信号进行脉冲编码,实现两种触觉感受器神经元的模拟.实验结果表明,BITSS模拟的神经放电活动可以解码出抓握状态的低维空间.在10种日常物体的分类任务中,基于脉冲事件的分类器分类精度达到94%,具有较快的执行速度,并验证了BITSS对触感压力信号的时空编码能力.     

Generation of fuzzy rules and learning algorithm for servo control in holographic data storage system

Today many media of information storage device are formed as disks. Hence, next generation removable data storage media are shaped as disk types too. The holographic data storage system also uses a disk type photopolymer media. And then, holographic data storage system is most advanced optical memory system. Tracking servo and tilt servo control are very important research in holographic data storage system. In this paper, we propose intelligent servo control by fuzzy rules in holographic data storage system. Hence, we have found pattern of tilt servo control in holographic data storage system through fuzzy system and genetic algorithm. Fuzzy rules were generated by genetic algorithm for controlling tilt servo. Therefore, we control tilt servo using fuzzy rules in holographic data storage system. Consequently, Image input–output patterns of tilt servo control was found by intelligence algorithm in holographic data storage system.     

新型自动调节的高压感应取电装置研究

针对智能电网中高压输电线路在线监测设备的供电电源存在的问题,研究了一种新型可自动调节的高压侧感应取电装置.该装置采用C8051F系列单片机作为控制中心,实现对多绕组线圈自动切换电路、过流保护电路以及后备电源充放电电路的智能管理与控制.该感应取电装置解决了低电流下设备的取能难题及过电流时设备的保护问题,能够有效应对输电线路中电流的宽范围波动,具有长期、稳定可靠供电的能力.仿真与实验数据证实所设计的取电装置具有一定的可行性.     

基于FBG的机器人柔性触觉传感器

为了满足机器人与外界环境、对象发生接触及交互作用时的触觉感知需求,提出了一种基于光纤布拉格光栅（FBG）的柔性触觉传感器．该传感器采用3×3 FBG阵列作为柔性传感元件,聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）材料构成双层柔性基体．介绍了传感器的传感原理并采用有限元方法对其弹性体进行力学仿真分析,基于标定实验平台完成该传感器的静态标定实验．传感器的空间分辨率为25mm,在10mm×10mm载荷施加单元下,对力的感知范围为0～7N,且传感器具有较好的线性度和灵敏度,重复性和一致性良好,力灵敏度为0.16nm/N．实验结果和分析研究都证明了柔性触觉传感器的可行性．该传感器与人体皮肤触感及结构极为相似,且布线简单、抗干扰能力强．