测量粉体湿润接触角的实验装置的设计及应用

根据透过高度法测量湿润接触角的原理,对具有下挂称量的电子天平进行改装,设计出可用于测量粉体湿润接触角的新型而简便的实验装置.利用该装置对进行过表面处理的粉体进行测量来表征其表面改性效果,并与JY-82型接触角测量仪作比较,结果显示两者的测量结果相近,可用于表征粉体的表面改性效果.     

高度法和压力法测定粉末接触角的比较

粉体接触角的测定有着十分重要的理论和实际应用意义。根据Washburn方程,在渗透法测定粉末接触角的基础上,引入相对接触角的概念,并设计了测定石墨粉相对接触角的试验装置,以苯作为参比液,用高度法和压力法分别测定了25℃下蒸馏水对石墨粉的相对接触角,它们分别为83.50°和83.74°。试验结果表明,压力法和高度法均可用于粉末接触角的测定。     

Determination of the Contact Angle of a Liquid Droplet on a Carbon Fiber

This paper describes an improved method for the accurate determination of the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a monofilament. Theoretically, in this improved method, contact angles do not depend on droplet size or the radius of the fiber. The accuracy of this method is thus expected to be higher than any other standard methods.     

Determination of the Contact Angle of a Liquid Droplet on a Carbon Fiber

This paper describes an improved method for the accurate determination of the contact angle of a liquid droplet on a monofilament. Theoretically, in this improved method, contact angles do not depend on droplet size or the radius of the fiber. The accuracy of this method is thus expected to be higher than any other standard methods.     

基于接触角方法沥青与石料粘附特性及路用性能研究

沥青-石料粘附失效产生的病害,如松散、脱粒、麻面、坑槽等,致使沥青路面使用性能下降,危及行车安全,基于表面自由能理论的躺滴法作为接触角法中评价沥青-石料粘附性的试验方法,因其操作简单、定量评价、人为误差小等特点,成为了近年来研究评价沥青-石料粘附性的热点.本文采用躺滴法,以西北地区三种品牌沥青与甘肃省七种石料作为研究对象,利用水煮法、躺滴法评价沥青-石料粘附性与AASHTO T283评价沥青混合料水稳定性进行对比分析,结果表明,水煮法定性评价沥青-石料粘附等级、接触角法定量评价沥青-石料粘附功与AASHTO T283评价沥青混合料水稳定性的冻融劈裂强度比(TSR)的决定系数分别为0.1956、0.2731、0.4793,0.8179、0.7173、0.7997,说明接触角法粘附功定量评价沥青-石料粘附性能够较为准确的评价沥青混合料水稳定性;同时三种沥青的粘附能力依次为C＞B≥A,七种石料的粘附能力依次为平凉上杨石灰岩＞玉石湾蛇纹岩＞黑山湖玄武岩＞东乐石灰岩＞永登玄武岩＞出卜拉沟玄武岩＞定西花岗岩.     

Critical Surface Tension of Non-crosslinking Linear Low Density Polyethylene-graft-acrylic Acid by the Contact Angle Method

Abstract

The contact angles θ of polar liquid on surface of non-crosslinking linear low density polyethylene-graft-acrylic acid (LLDPE-g-AA) were measured. The critical surface tension (γ_c) of LLDPE-g-AA films were evaluated by three different plots, the Zisman plot, the Young-Dupre-Good-Girifalco plot, and the log(1 + cos θ) versus log θ _L , plot. The θ _c of LLDPE-g-AA obtained by the 1 + cosθ versus θ _L ^?1/2 plot were higher than those obtained by other plots.     

粒状发射药接触角测定条件的优化

为获得较为准确的粒状发射药的表面性能参数,采用接触角测量仪测量了粒状发射药在不同实验操作条件下的接触角,讨论了躺滴法测量发射药接触角操作过程中测试面的选取、测试面的处理方式、所用液滴体积、液滴与发射药测试面的接触时间等因素对接触角测定值的影响。依据实测数据确定了较为稳定的实验操作条件:用磨平的粒状发射药侧面作为接触角测试面,对测试面采用细砂纸打磨后再用丙酮擦拭、晾干的处理方式,所用液滴体积不大于1μL,取液滴与测试面的接触时间为8s时的接触角值作为测试结果。     

用液饼高度法测定水在硅聚合物表面的接触角

用半永久性离型剂(SP离型剂)涂复模具可以连续使用几十次到近百次.这项技术上的进步给铸造工艺带来巨大的经济效益和社会效益.目前用于树脂模具的SP离型剂中的成膜剂很多采用反应性硅聚合物.市场上的SP离型剂的配方属于生产商的技术秘密,即使在专利中也难于找到硅聚合物SP离型剂的详细配方.同时文献上鲜有关于硅聚合物表面能的报道...     

Surface Molecular Mobility for Copolymers Having Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Side Chains Via Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement

The reorganization of a surface structure in response to a change in environmental media was investigated for copolymers having both hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophilic methoxypoly-ethyleneglycol (MPEG) side chains via dynamic contact angle (DCA). These copolymers showed a large contact angle hysteresis and a dependency of the advancing and receding contact angle on dipping velocity (DV). Composition dependency of DCA for these copolymers is also discussed. In addition to this, adhesion tension relaxation, F(t), for MMA/MPEGMA/PDMSMA was determined. F(t) in the advancing process increased with elapsed time and decreased in the receding process. These phenomena were explained by the adsorption and reorientation of hydrophilic segments to the water/copolymer interface in water. In XPS analysis, more oxygen atoms were detected on the surfaces of MMA/MPEGMA after immersion in water than before. For MMA/MPEGMA/PDMSMA, the atomic ratio of Si to C increased with an increase in PDMSMA content.     

Surface Molecular Mobility for Copolymers Having Both Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Side Chains Via Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement

The reorganization of a surface structure in response to a change in environmental media was investigated for copolymers having both hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and hydrophilic methoxypoly-ethyleneglycol (MPEG) side chains via dynamic contact angle (DCA). These copolymers showed a large contact angle hysteresis and a dependency of the advancing and receding contact angle on dipping velocity (DV). Composition dependency of DCA for these copolymers is also discussed. In addition to this, adhesion tension relaxation, F(t), for MMA/MPEGMA/PDMSMA was determined. F(t) in the advancing process increased with elapsed time and decreased in the receding process. These phenomena were explained by the adsorption and reorientation of hydrophilic segments to the water/copolymer interface in water. In XPS analysis, more oxygen atoms were detected on the surfaces of MMA/MPEGMA after immersion in water than before. For MMA/MPEGMA/PDMSMA, the atomic ratio of Si to C increased with an increase in PDMSMA content.     

In Situ Study of Simultaneous Adsorption of Surfactant at Model Solid-Liquid and Liquid-Liquid Interfaces Using the Two-Liquid Contact Angle Method

A direct method of in situ investigation of adsorption mechanisms at related solid/liquid and liquid/liquid interfaces is presented, based on the two-liquid-phase contact angle measurement. Using a model system represented by a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) surface/hydrocarbon drop/aqueous surfactant solution, it is shown that the method constitutes a simple way to characterize both the dynamic behavior and equilibrium quantities of adsorption. In addition to the consistency of these results with the usual diffusion controlled models, some interesting phenomena such as structural transitions in the adsorbed layer are clearly evidenced from adsorption kinetics.     

自动振打除灰装置传递接触模型有限元分析

自动振打除灰装置传递杆杆身与凸台连接处经常在冲击过程中破坏失效,导致振打器无法继续工作。为解决这一问题,需要对振打器的整个传递接触模型进行研究和优化。运用软件Ansys/ls-dy-na建立了机械振打器的有限元模型,并分别对现有和改进后传递接触模型下的整个冲击过程进行有限元分析。对比不同情况下传递杆上的最大应力,发现连接处损坏的原因是撞击杆具有轴向夹角,通过调整连接处以及改变传递模型接触面形状可以有效改进现有的传递接触模型。当连接处倒圆角半径增大到22mm并且传递模型接触面是半径为400mm的球面时,传递杆可以有效避免出现过大应力集中,从而将振打器的寿命延长到设计范围。     

Static and Dynamic Interfacial Stresses Analysis for Three-Layer Beam Structures Using Spectral Element Method

As the structural integrity at the interfaces of a three-layer structure certainly depends on the shear and normal (peeling) stress concentrations near the free ends of the cover plate, it is very important to predict the static and dynamic interfacial stresses in an accurate and efficient way for successful designs of three-layer beam-type structures subject to various loading conditions. Thus, this paper presents a frequency-domain spectral element method by which both static and dynamic interfacial stresses can be accurately predicted. To that end, the governing equations of motion for three-layer beam-type structures are derived by using Hamilton's principle and then the spectral element model is formulated in the frequency domain by using the variational method. The high accuracy of the present spectral element model is verified in due course. Numerical studies are then conducted to investigate static and dynamic interfacial stresses for an example three-layer beam subjected to various loadings.     

An Adaptive Pseudospectral Method for Constrained Dynamic Optimization Problems in Chemical Engineering

An adaptive pseudospectral method with two novel strategies is proposed to solve constrained dynamic optimization problems in chemical engineering. The first strategy is to introduce slope information in designing appropriate subintervals, so that the approach becomes more efficient to track the optimal control profiles. The second strategy is to redistribute the collocation points based on the approximation error, thus ensuring the accuracy of the method. Two constrained dynamic optimization problems with multiple control variables are tested as illustrations, and the proposed approach is compared with other methods. The research results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving the solution accuracy of dynamic optimization problems.     

立体思维视阈下中国画笔墨本质功能剖析

国画界长期以来对笔墨持有多种态度,众说纷纭,没有统一共识,遇到了前所未有的认识瓶颈。本文运用笔墨特性从技法→语言体系→艺术效果的树状逻辑,分析笔墨在当代艺术科学体系中的本质功能,从而得出结论：笔墨技法不能超越造型基本功对画面语言丰富性的表达;也不能取代画面构成关系的主导地位。     

Atomic Force Microscopy as a Characterization Tool for Contact Lenses: Indentation Tests and Grain Analysis

Nondestructive methods for testing mechanical properties of soft contact lenses allow quality control and testing to be performed on same sample by considering various parameters. A novel alternative to conventional mechanical test technique for contact lenses is presented implementing atomic force microscopy (AFM) and force spectroscopy (FS) technique as pico-indentation and mechanical characterization tool. This technique gives nN force resolution with producing nm range elastic deformation. FS and AFM topography results are evaluated simultaneously to compare mechanical and topographical properties of contact lenses such as Young's modulus, grain size evaluation, surface roughness, and adhesion force. Mechanical properties of soft contact lenses were reported by considering equilibrium water content of contact lens.     

Dynamic Modeling and Metabolic Flux Analysis for Optimized Production of Rhamnolipids

A comprehensive metabolic network based on the fundamental pathways representing the central metabolism of rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is proposed and a dynamic model compatible with the underlying metabolic network is developed involving the macro-reactions derived from the elementary flux modes of the reaction network. The experimentally validated mathematical model is then coupled with a global optimization technique called differential evolution (DE) to optimize the medium composition as well as the extracellular and intracellular fluxes of the metabolic network. The analysis of the results shows the usefulness of the integrated approach involving the development of a dynamic model based on the metabolic network structure and model-based optimization of the medium composition and metabolic fluxes by an efficient evolutionary optimization technique to enhance the productivity of rhamnolipid.