植酸对镁-锂合金阳极氧化膜的影响

利用无铬阳极氧化技术在镁-锂合金表面生成了阳极氧化膜,通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等测试技术对氧化膜进行了表面形貌、晶相组成和耐蚀性能的研究。讨论了在基本电解液里添加植酸对氧化膜性能的影响。研究结果表明:基本电解液中加入植酸后获得的氧化膜表面形貌没有得到很大改善,仍然存在孔洞;当植酸的质量浓度达到10.0 g/L时,可得到表面光滑亮白、耐蚀性最好的阳极氧化膜。     

植酸制备的研究

介绍了制备植酸的一种新方法及制备过程，对实验的各个影响因素作了细致的讨论，得到了实验的最佳工艺条件。     

植酸的制备工艺及其应用

对植酸的制备工艺进行了阐述,并探讨了植酸在食品、医药、日用化工等方面的应用。     

从稻米糠中提取植酸的研究

介绍了从稻米糠中提取植酸的方法,研究了浸取溶液酸度、浸取时间对提取率的影响,找出了提取的最佳工艺条件,提取率达9%。     

镀锌植酸钝化膜耐蚀性的研究

对镀锌件植酸钝化膜进行了研究.通过点滴实验、中性盐雾试验、盐水浸泡以及电化学测量方法研究了植酸钝化膜的耐蚀性能.采用X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)和体式显微镜初步研究了植酸钝化膜的结构,推测钝化膜主要由植酸锌和聚硅酸构成,且钝化膜十分致密,可有效阻止腐蚀介质的渗透,降低了镀锌层腐蚀电流,其耐蚀性已经接近低铬钝化.     

植酸转化工艺对改善有机涂层性能的研究

利用植酸的结构和性能特点得到钢铁植酸转化膜,以此转化处理工艺代替磷化工艺作为电泳、喷粉等有机涂层前处理。实验结果表明,钢铁植酸转化膜能使电泳、喷粉等有机涂层获得良好的附着力和耐蚀性,涂层经NSS500 h后,各项指标符合标准要求。     

无毒植酸在金属防护中的应用

植酸是一种少见的多齿金属螯合剂,存在于油料和谷类种子中,因其特有的功能及天然无毒特性,目前在日本等发达国家普遍应用。通过对植酸结构分析,阐述了植酸在金属防护及电镀中的作用及特殊功能,综述了国内外植酸研究及应用成果。     

离子交换法在制取植酸中的应用

以玉米胚芽饼为原料采用离子交换法提取植酸的新工艺,植酸收率可达９７ ．６ ％ 以上,粗蛋白质量降至０ ．１４ ％ 。     

Inhibition of CYP6B1-Mediated Detoxification of Xanthotoxin by Plant Allelochemicals in the Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes)

The structural and biosynthetic diversity of allelochemicals in plants is thought to arise from selection for additive toxicity as a consequence of toxin mixture or for enhanced toxicity as a result of synergism. In order to understand how insects cope with this type of plant defense, we tested the effects of some allelochemicals in host plants of the black swallowtail Papilio polyxenes on the xanthotoxin-metabolic activity of CYP6B1, the principal enzyme responsible for the detoxification of furanocoumarins in this caterpillar. Additionally, the effects of some synthetic compounds not normally encountered by P. polyxenes on CYP6B1 were tested. These studies demonstrate that the integrity of furanocoumarin structure is important for competitive binding to the active site of CYP6B1, even though the carbonyl group on the pyranone ring apparently does not affect its inhibitory capacity, as in the case of furanochromones. Angular furanocoumarins are generally less phototoxic to many organisms than linear furanocoumarins due to their reduced capacity for cross-linking DNA strands, yet they are more toxic than linear furanocoumarins to black swallowtail larvae. This enhanced toxicity in vivo may be due to the ability of angular furanocoumarins to bind to the active site of CYP6B1 without being rapidly metabolized. This binding reduces the availability of CYP6B1 to metabolize other linear furanocoumarins. The structure-activity relationships for methylenedioxyphenyl compounds, flavonoids, imidazole, and imidazole derivatives are also discussed in light of their capacity to inhibit the xanthotoxin-metabolic activity of CYP6B1.     

米糠制植酸的工艺研究和进展

植酸是一种价格昂贵、用途极广的精细化学品。目前我国的植酸产品绝大部分属于中低档产品,另一方面,食品、日化、医药等行业对高纯度的植酸产品的需求日渐升温,我们应该大力发展植酸生产,加快产品的升级换代。生产植酸的方法有3种,目前仍以溶剂萃取法为主,对此法的生产和研发重点做了论述,指出了植酸以后生产研发的方向。     

植酸改善镁合金锌系磷化膜耐蚀性的研究

采用化学转化法在镁合金表面制备了磷酸盐转化膜。在基础磷化液中添加植酸,改善膜层的耐蚀性。通过交流阻抗、Tafel曲线和硫酸铜点滴实验确定了植酸最佳的质量分数为1.5%。该质量分数下的容抗弧半径最大,自腐蚀电流密度最低,耐蚀性最好。通过扫描电镜测试得出:膜层的表面结构为晶粒紧凑堆积状,该膜层很好地覆盖了基体表面,起到了一定的防护效果。     

植酸在聚合物材料阻燃应用领域的研究进展

植酸具有较高含量的阻燃元素磷,作为一种重要的有机磷系添加剂已被广泛地应用在食品、医药等领域,而作为阻燃剂的应用目前尚有较大的发展空间.按照织物阻燃、塑料阻燃、搭建绿色阻燃膨胀体系将植酸在聚合物材料阻燃应用上的研究成果分为3类,并对一些优秀科研成果的研究思路、内在原理、改性效果进行了简要介绍.最后,提出了未来在植酸阻燃应...     

植酸对16锰钢缓蚀性能的研究

采用失重法研究了植酸（1P6）对16锰钢的缓蚀性能。实验表明，在原油-b3％NaCl溶液的混合介质中，植酸有较强的缓蚀作用，与十二烷基苯璜酸钠（DBSAS）及聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚（OP）复配后，缓蚀效果更佳。通过研究表明，植酸是一种螯合型缓蚀剂，特别是与表面活性剂复配后，对16锰钢有良好的缓蚀协同效应，符合无毒植物型缓蚀剂的发展趋势。     

腐植酸类生长调节剂对植物发芽和生长发育的影响

采用不同浓度的济农生根壮苗液肥、济农生根粉、吲哚丁酸钾、生根颗粒剂和市售较好的某种生根粉进行试验,旨在探明不同腐植酸类生长调节剂对植物发芽、鲜重、根长及扦插生根的影响。结果表明:5种生长调节剂对植物发芽和生长发育均有不同程度的促进作用。其中400ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、10000ppm生根颗粒剂浸种能显著促进小麦种子生根发芽;使用833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、1000ppm生根颗粒剂能显著促进小白菜生长,其中喷施833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥2次后比对照根长增加31.29%,提高地上部分鲜重28.17%;使用8000ppm济农生根粉蘸根后能够提高成活率49%,红叶石楠扦插生根时间提前3d;使用833ppm济农生根壮苗液肥、1000ppm生根颗粒剂分别增产19.53%和18.29%,增加经济收入分别为15.89%和14.53%,增产增收效果明显。     

The Metabolism of a Novel Cytochrome P450 (CYP77B34) in Tribenuron-Methyl-Resistant Descurainia sophia L. to Herbicides with Different Mode of Actions

Descurainia sophia L. (flixweeds) is a noxious broad-leaf weed infesting winter wheat fields in China that has evolved high resistance to tribenuron-methyl. In this work, a brand new gene CYP77B34 was cloned from tribenuron-methyl-resistant (TR) D. sophia and transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana, and the sensitivities of Arabidopsis with or without the CYP77B34 transgene to herbicides with a different mode of actions (MoAs) were tested. Compared to Arabidopsis expressing pCAMBIA1302-GFP (empty plasmid), Arabidopsis transferring pCAMBIA1302-CYP77B34 (recombinant plasmid) became resistant to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicide tribenuron-methyl, protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides carfentrazone-ethyl and oxyfluorfen. Cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion could reverse the resistance to tribenuron-methyl, carfentrazone-ethyl and oxyfluorfen in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. In addition, the metabolic rates of tribenuron-methyl in Arabidopsis expressing CYP77B34 were significantly higher than those in Arabidopsis expressing pCAMBIA1302-GFP. Other than that, the transgenic plants showed some tolerance to very-long-chain fatty acid synthesis (VLCFAs)-inhibiting herbicide pretilachlor and photosystem (PS) II-inhibiting herbicide bromoxynil. Subcellular localization revealed that the CYP77B34 protein was located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These results clearly indicated that CYP77B34 mediated D. sophia resistance to tribenuron-methyl and may have been involved in D. sophia cross-resistance to carfentrazone-ethyl, oxyfluorfen, pretilachlor and bromoxynil.     

Effects of brown rice and white rice on expression of xenobiotic metabolism genes in type 2 diabetic rats

Xenobiotics constantly influence biological systems through several means of interaction. These interactions are disturbed in type 2 diabetes, with implications for disease outcome. We aimed to study the implications of such disturbances on type 2 diabetes and rice consumption, the results of which could affect management of the disease in developing countries. In a type 2 diabetic rat model induced through a combination of high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin injection, up-regulation of xenobiotic metabolism genes in the diabetic untreated group was observed. Xenobiotic metabolism genes were upregulated more in the white rice (WR) group than the diabetic untreated group while the brown rice (BR) group showed significantly lower expression values, though not as effective as metformin, which gave values closer to the normal non-diabetic group. The fold changes in expression in the WR group compared to the BR group for Cyp2D4, Cyp3A1, Cyp4A1, Cyp2B1, Cyp2E1, Cyp2C11, UGT2B1, ALDH1A1 and Cyp2C6 were 2.6, 2, 1.5, 4, 2.8, 1.5, 1.8, 3 and 5, respectively. Our results suggest that WR may upregulate these genes in type 2 diabetes more than BR, potentially causing faster drug metabolism, less drug efficacy and more toxicity. These results may have profound implications for rice eating populations, constituting half the world's population.     

Mutation of GmIPK1 Gene Using CRISPR/Cas9 Reduced Phytic Acid Content in Soybean Seeds

Phytic acid (PA) acts as an antinutrient substance in cereal grains, disturbing the bioavailability of micronutrients, such as iron and zinc, in humans, causing malnutrition. GmIPK1 encodes the inositol 1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate 2-kinase enzyme, which converts myo-inopsitol-1,3,4,5,6-pentakisphosphate (IP₅) to myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate (IP₆) in soybean (Glycine max L.). In this study, for developing soybean with low PA levels, we attempted to edit the GmIPK1 gene using the CRISPR/Cas9 system to introduce mutations into the GmIPK1 gene with guide RNAs in soybean (cv. Kwangankong). The GmIPK1 gene was disrupted using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, with sgRNA-1 and sgRNA-4 targeting the second and third exon, respectively. Several soybean Gmipk1 gene-edited lines were obtained in the T₀ generation at editing frequencies of 0.1–84.3%. Sequencing analysis revealed various indel patterns with the deletion of 1–9 nucleotides and insertions of 1 nucleotide in several soybean lines (T₀). Finally, we confirmed two sgRNA-4 Gmipk1 gene-edited homozygote soybean T₁ plants (line #21-2: 5 bp deletion; line #21-3: 1 bp insertion) by PPT leaf coating assay and PCR analysis. Analysis of soybean Gmipk1 gene-edited lines indicated a reduction in PA content in soybean T₂ seeds but did not show any defects in plant growth and seed development.     

Liver Bile Acid Changes in Mouse Models of Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. It is hypothesized to develop due to the dysfunction of two major proteins, amyloid-β (Aβ) and microtubule-associated protein, tau. Evidence supports the involvement of cholesterol changes in both the generation and deposition of Aβ. This study was performed to better understand the role of liver cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD. We used male and female wild-type control (C57BL/6J) mice to compare to two well-characterized amyloidosis models of AD, APP/PS1, and App^NL-G-F. Both conjugated and unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids were quantified using UPLC-MS/MS from livers of control and AD mice. We also measured cholesterol and its metabolites and identified changes in levels of proteins associated with bile acid synthesis and signaling. We observed sex differences in liver cholesterol levels accompanied by differences in levels of synthesis intermediates and conjugated and unconjugated liver primary bile acids in both APP/PS1 and App^NL-G-F mice when compared to controls. Our data revealed fundamental deficiencies in cholesterol metabolism and bile acid synthesis in the livers of two different AD mouse lines. These findings strengthen the involvement of liver metabolism in the pathophysiology of AD.     

The Impact of Anti-Epileptic Drugs on Growth and Bone Metabolism

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder worldwide and anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are always the first choice for treatment. However, more than 50% of patients with epilepsy who take AEDs have reported bone abnormalities. Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzymes are induced by AEDs, especially the classical AEDs, such as benzodiazepines (BZDs), carbamazepine (CBZ), phenytoin (PT), phenobarbital (PB), and valproic acid (VPA). The induction of CYP450 isoenzymes may cause vitamin D deficiency, hypocalcemia, increased fracture risks, and altered bone turnover, leading to impaired bone mineral density (BMD). Newer AEDs, such as levetiracetam (LEV), oxcarbazepine (OXC), lamotrigine (LTG), topiramate (TPM), gabapentin (GP), and vigabatrin (VB) have broader spectra, and are safer and better tolerated than the classical AEDs. The effects of AEDs on bone health are controversial. This review focuses on the impact of AEDs on growth and bone metabolism and emphasizes the need for caution and timely withdrawal of these medications to avoid serious disabilities.     

除草剂在植物体内的代谢与选择性及使用

简要论述了除草剂在植物体内的代谢反应及其调控。