5G视频监控无人押车在原料检验中的应用

原料供货车辆进厂后需要押车,以确保道路交通安全,同时打击司机抛撒非铜物料等作假行为,避免工厂蒙受损失。由于人工押车工作效率低,采用基于5G的无线视频监控技术对车辆行驶状况进行智能监控已成大势所趋,当出现车辆违章和抛撒非铜物料等违规行为时,监控中心能自动判断并发送预警,便于检验人员及时处置。     

Car-driving consistency and measures of personality.

Three groups of Ss—10 skilled police driving instructors, 10 skilled car club drivers, and 6 drivers of lesser skill—were studied to determine the relationship of driving consistency to neuroticism and to introversion-extroversion. The driving consistency measures (based on vehicle acceleration and deceleration) were found to be negatively related to the two personality measures for the skilled police drivers and the lesser-skilled drivers, but not for the skilled car club drivers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An opinion survey and longitudinal study of driver behaviour at stop signs.

Generated and tested predictions concerning behavior of drivers at stop signs. First, a survey of 225 Ss showed that the rate of stopping was thought to be higher in the presence than in the absence of another vehicle and for females and older drivers than for males and younger ones. Second, 895 drivers were unobstrusively observed at stop signs over a 5-yr period. In each year, about 50% of drivers came to a complete stop, 40% slowed down, and 10% maintained speed. Generally, sex and age were not significant factors, but most drivers stopped when another vehicle was in the vicinity and most only slowed when the road seemed clear. It is concluded that stop sign behavior reflects risky decision making rather than adherence to the law and that recent claims of increased reckless behavior at these signs may be premature. (French abstract) (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Passenger and cell phone conversations in simulated driving.

This study examines how conversing with passengers in a vehicle differs from conversing on a cell phone while driving. We compared how well drivers were able to deal with the demands of driving when conversing on a cell phone, conversing with a passenger, and when driving without any distraction. In the conversation conditions, participants were instructed to converse with a friend about past experiences in which their life was threatened. The results show that the number of driving errors was highest in the cell phone condition; in passenger conversations more references were made to traffic, and the production rate of the driver and the complexity of speech of both interlocutors dropped in response to an increase in the demand of the traffic. The results indicate that passenger conversations differ from cell phone conversations because the surrounding traffic not only becomes a topic of the conversation, helping driver and passenger to share situation awareness, but the driving condition also has a direct influence on the complexity of the conversation, thereby mitigating the potential negative effects of a conversation on driving. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Improved osseointeraction of calcium phosphate-coated external fixation pins. Studies in calves

The analysis of health state of drivers sent for an extra health examination for the estimation of driving capability for the driving of motor vehicle in alcoholic state was presented. The study included 380 drivers who were found driving drunk by traffic police (studied group) and 180 drivers of control group sent for an extra health examination for some other reason. The disorders in psychomotor sphere were noticed in the drivers of studied group and it was determined that they had caused significantly larger number of traffic accidents in last five-year period compared to the drivers of control group. The alcohol consumption in driving population represents significant medical, social, economic and traffic problem. The control of driver's alcoholism, the sending of alcoholic drivers to an extra health examination for the repeated estimation of driving capability and including in therapeutic and health-educational program can present significant measure of the primary prevention of road traffic traumatism which is on the constant increase.     

Enforcement symbols and driving speed: The overreaction effect.

Driving speed was measured by radar for 240 drivers entering and exiting a target area along a 2-lane highway. The effects of several variables were assessed, including the presence or absence of a speed limit sign, a radar-enforced sign, and a marked police vehicle. Only in the presence of the marked police vehicle were systematic changes in driving speed observed. Most drivers exposed to the marked vehicle showed large reductions in driving speed. These reductions in speed occurred regardless of whether the driver's initial speed exceeded the posted speed limit, and generally went well below the 35 mile/hr limit. Speed reductions in the presence of the marked car thus appeared to reflect an overreaction to the threat of punishment and suggest that driving speed is controlled more by external threat than by drivers' acceptance of the value of safe and energy-efficient driving. (13 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effects of age, system experience, and navigation technique on driving with an advanced traveler information system

This paper explores the effects of age, system experience, and navigation technique on driving, navigation performance, and safety for drivers who used TravTek, an Advanced Traveler Information System. The first two studies investigated various route guidance configurations on the road in a specially equipped instrumented vehicle with an experimenter present. The third was a naturalistic quasi-experimental field study that collected data unobtrusively from more than 1200 TravTek rental car drivers with no in-vehicle experimenter. The results suggest that with increased experience, drivers become familiar with the system and develop strategies for substantially more efficient and safer use. The results also showed that drivers over age 65 had difficulty driving and navigating concurrently. They compensated by driving slowly and more cautiously. Despite this increased caution, older drivers made more safety-related errors than did younger drivers. The results also showed that older drivers benefited substantially from a well-designed ATIS driver interface.     

Navigation and the mobility of older drivers

OBJECTIVES: Age related difficulties in navigating are believed to restrict driving mobility. A decline in mobility can have negative implications for peoples' well-being and independence. This problem may be more serious than the increased risk of collision that occurs with old age. The aim of this research was to determine the extent to which age-related difficulties in navigating restrict car travel. METHODS: A postal questionnaire survey of 1,186 United Kingdom (U.K.) motorists (aged 21 to 85 years) was conducted to determine more about people's mobility, the restrictions to their driving, and their driving experience. RESULTS: As predicted, respondents were found to report more navigation problems with increasing old age. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that navigation problems relate to reduced mobility (miles per week, trips per week, and average driving frequency) when controlling for other predictors of mobility (age, gender, employment, health, residential location, fitness, and ability to afford driving). DISCUSSION: This research highlights the need to have better navigational support for drivers, particularly elderly drivers. Improved roads signs and in-vehicle navigation aids are two solutions that might help enhance the mobility of elderly drivers.     

Fine needle aspiration of the breast. A probabilistic approach to diagnosis of carcinoma

European signing policy favours uncontrolled intersections--a trend which is in marked contrast to the U.S.A. policy. European drivers must constantly keep in mind the general rule of priority at cross-roads which requires one to yield to a vehicle coming from the right, if not otherwise indicated. For a European driver, an uncontrolled junction means an obligation to yield to vehicles on the right while for U.S. drivers, adapted to the U.S.A. system with more frequent signing, an intersection unsigned from his direction suggests priority for him, particularly in an urban area. To demonstrate a safety problem which follows, three American subjects, visiting professors without previous experience of driving in Europe, were asked to drive a 1.8 km route six times with an instrumented car in the downtown area of Helsinki. All of them first showed unsafe driving practices at uncontrolled intersections with restricted visibility in comparison to a local control group, but changed their strategy, both in terms of speed control and visual search, after they had been informed of the European rule of crossroad priority. In spite of the same general rule at blind intersections in a similar urban environment, a different signing policy may cause safety problems for American drivers in Europe, and translate into more accidents at non-priority intersections. Varying rules and practices in different jurisdictions call for further efforts in presenting vital information to foreign motorists and striving towards worldwide uniform traffic control.     

Role of drivers' epilepsy in traffic accidents

The study covered materials on 48 drivers who underwent 2 and more traffic accidents during the year. The highest share of traffic accidents due to the morbid conditions of the drivers is associated with epilepsy (20 examinees), acute alcohol and drugs intoxication occupies the second place (15 examinees), medical history of head injury appeared in 13 drivers, arterial hypertension-in 3 examinees, diabetes mellitus-in 2 subjects. The examinees having such conditions demonstrated variable consciousness disorders (short-time coma, dazed conditions) during driving, so traffic accidents occurred as the result.     

On-line monitoring of benzene air concentrations while driving in traffic by means of isotopic dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

There is no shortage of information about the average benzene concentrations in urban air, but there is very little about microenvironmental exposure, such as in-vehicle concentrations while driving in various traffic conditions, while refuelling, or while in a parking garage. The main reason for this lack of data is that no analytical instrumentation has been available to measure on-line trace amounts of benzene in such situations. We have recently proposed a highly accurate, high-speed cryofocusing gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system for monitoring benzene concentrations in air. Accuracy of the analytical data is achieved by enrichment of the air sample before trapping, with a stable isotope permeation tube system. The same principles have been applied to a new instrument, specifically designed for operation on an electric vehicle (Ducato Elettra, Fiat). The zero emission vehicle and the fully transportable, battery-operated GC/MS system provide a unique possibility of monitoring benzene exposure in real everyday situations such as while driving, refuelling, or repairing a car. All power consumptions have been reduced so as to achieve a battery-operated GC/MS system. Liquid nitrogen cryofocusing has been replaced by a packed, inductively heated, graphitized charcoal microtrap. The instrument has been mounted on shock absorbers and installed in the van. The whole system has been tested in both fixed and mobile conditions. The maximum monitoring period without external power supply is 6 h. The full analytical cycle is 4 min, allowing close to real-time monitoring, and the minimum detectable level is 1 microgram/m3 for benzene. In-vehicle monitoring showed that, when recirculation was off and ventilation on, i.e., air from outside the vehicle was blown inside, concentrations varied widely in different driving conditions: moving from a parking lot into normal traffic on an urban traffic condition roadway yielded an increase in benzene concentration from 17 to 62.3 micrograms/m3 even if the actual distance was small. A larger increase was observed when a car was left with the engine running at a distance 2 m from the zero emission vehicle: We measured an increment of benzene concentrations from 15.2 to 174.4 micrograms/m3 with a car equipped with a catalytic converter, and from 19.1 to 386.3 micrograms/m3 with a car without such a converter.     

Virtual driving and risk taking: Do racing games increase risk-taking cognitions, affect, and behaviors?

Research has consistently shown that aggressive video console and PC games elicit aggressive cognitions, affect, and behaviors. Despite the increasing popularity of racing (driving) games, nothing is known about the psychological impact of this genre. This study investigated whether playing racing games affects cognitions, affect, and behaviors that can promote risk taking in actual road traffic situations. In Study 1, the authors found that the frequency of playing racing games was positively associated with competitive driving, obtrusive driving, and car accidents; a negative association with cautious driving was observed. To determine cause and effect, in Study 2, the authors manipulated whether participants played 1 of 3 racing games or 1 of 3 neutral games. Participants who played a racing game subsequently reported a higher accessibility of cognitions and affect positively associated with risk taking than did participants who played a neutral game. Finally, on a more behavioral level, in Study 3, the authors found that men who played a racing game subsequently took higher risks in computer-simulated critical road traffic situations than did men who played a neutral game. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The influence of gender on traffic accidents--the case of the Republic of Slovenia

Modern road traffic (RT) requires great efforts from all drivers and the highest use of all their physical and mental capacities. In addition, drivers must possess a certain character to ensure safe driving. Only a few decades ago, the driving of motor vehicles was a rarity and women behind the steering wheel were even scarcer. With the development of motorisation, their share of RT has been on a constant increase, as has, logically, their share of road traffic accidents (RTA). This research presents the increasingly important role of women in RT and attempts to show the special attributes of female drivers, namely that above all, they cause fewer accidents, and notably, those they cause are less likely to be fatal.     

Permeability characteristics of piperine on oral absorption--an active alkaloid from peppers and a bioavailability enhancer

The efficacy of putative "in-car" countermeasures to driver sleepiness is unknown. Sixteen young adult drivers within the normal range for the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), had their sleep restricted to 5 hours the night before, and drove an interactive car simulator in the afternoon for 2.5 hours, under monotonous conditions. After 30 minutes of driving they were exposed to: (1) cold air to the face (AIR) from the vehicle's air conditioning vents, (2) listening to the vehicle's radio/tape (RADIO) according to subjects' choice, or (3) NIL treatment. The active treatments typified those experienced under real driving conditions. Drifting over lane markings were "incidents." EEGs were recorded and spectrally analyzed in the alpha and theta range. Subjects responded to the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) every 200 seconds. Overall, RADIO and AIR had no significant effects on incidents, although there was a trend for RADIO to reduce incidents, particularly during the first 30 minutes, when AIR also had some effect. KSS scores were significantly lower for RADIO for most of the drive, whereas AIR had only transient and non-significant effects. The EEG showed no significant effects of the active treatments. Compared with other countermeasures such as caffeine and a brief nap, which we have previously shown to be more effective (using the same equipment and protocols), AIR and RADIO are at best only temporary expedients to reduce driver sleepiness, perhaps enabling drivers to find a suitable place to stop, take a break and avail themselves of caffeine and a nap.     

Noise and driver performance.

The demands of actual automobile driving and concurrent noise stress on human information-processing capacity for 8 licensed, college-aged drivers were estimated from the decrement in performance on the delayed digit recall subsidiary task, using multivariate techniques and a counterbalanced design. Under high load, drivers were much more likely to reduce accuracy than sacrifice speed; however, noise did not result in driving error when presented in the absence of additional load. This conclusion parallels the 1973 findings of H. Moscowitz, who investigated the effect of alcohol on driving performance. As expected, the subsidiary task measure was sensitive to the additional information-processing demands imposed by the unpredictable noise stimulus; but contrary to expectation, inclusion of the subsidiary task tended to interact slightly with noise in impairing driving performance. It is suggested that perhaps in the low-risk driving environment, maintenance of performance on the subsidiary task may have had sufficiently high subjective utility to demand a disproportionately large share of information-processing capacity. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychology of drivers in traffic accidents.

50 automobile drivers whose driving involved them in accidents serious enough to require hospitalization were paired with 50 drivers without accident histories but matched according to sex, approximate age, race, and educational level. The Ss were compared on the basis of their driving experiences and performance on written tests. The accident victims differed from the comparison Ss in a higher incidence of previous traffic violations but were not distinguishable from the comparison Ss on any written tests. The accident Ss were similar to the "safe" drivers in describing themselves as much closer to "expert" than "very poor" on a driving performance continuum. In fixing the responsibility for the accidents and in estimating their driving competence at the time of the accidents, the accident Ss' reports are at considerable variance with police reports. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于人机协同的车道保持辅助系统研究进展

基于人机动态协同控制的车道保持辅助系统有助于兼顾汽车的安全性与驾驶员的舒适性，分析了该系统在车道偏离决策模型、驾驶权动态分配及性能评估等方面的研究现状和发展趋势。在车道偏离决策模型方面，应根据驾驶员的状态制定不同的决策模型，既可以建立自适应调节的决策模型，又应允许驾驶员根据自己的喜好和外部驾驶环境手动调整决策模型中预设的参数；在驾驶权分配方面，应探索更加合理的驾驶权动态分配方式，设计智能的优化算法或控制模型；在性能评估指标方面，应加入与降低人机冲突及减少驾驶员控制量相关的评估指标，制定科学完善的主观评估体系。未来研究应该深度融合驾驶员因素，实时发出警报与主动干预，并能够对系统进行完善的测试与评估。      

Reported driving speeds and previous accidents.

For 275 psychology students, accident records and frequency of traffic citations were compared with self-reported driving speed (slow, medium, fast) and with number of speeding citations. "… individuals in the kind of population considered who report consistently higher driving speeds than average have traffic records free of accidents as often as other drivers. This finding also holds for individuals with previous speeding citations and traffic citations of all kinds." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perception of speed in an automobile: Estimation and production.

In 2 experiments, the authors studied the perception of speed in an automobile as a function of speed, previous acceleration, trajectory, driving experience, and sex of the participants. Three levels of driving experience were observed: nondrivers, new drivers, and experienced drivers. In Experiment 1, 60 participants verbally estimated the speed at which they traveled by car. In Experiment 2, 30 participants performed an active estimation task with an accelerator to produce a target speed, in addition to the same passive verbal estimation. The results showed a tendency to underestimate speed, and this effect was more pronounced at lower speeds. The predicted overcompensation in the active production task confirmed the general equivalence of both passive and active estimation despite certain differences. Results are discussed from a psychophysical viewpoint, and implications for driving behavior are also considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)