移动对象反向最近邻查询技术研究

提出一种基于自调节网格索引的反向最近邻查询(RNNQ)算法,将空间划分为大小相等的网格单元,每个单元作为一个桶存储移动对象,采用基于桶内对象数目和网格几何特征的剪枝策略减少反向最近邻查询所需访问的节点。查询点周围单元桶内对象过多时进行二次网格划分,减小节点访问代价。实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的查询性能,优于基于TPR树索引的RNNQ算法。     

移动对象数据库预测范围聚集查询技术研究

针对预测范围聚集查询处理技术,提出了一种面向移动对象的聚集TPR树索引。聚集TPR树索引在TPR树中间节点中加入移动对象聚集信息以减少预测范围聚集查询所需要的节点访问代价。并增加了一个建于移动对象标识上的哈希辅助索引结构以支持自底向上的删除搜索算法,具有很好的动态更新性能和并发性。提出了一种EPRA查询算法,采用更精确的剪枝搜索准则,大大减少了查询所需要访问的磁盘节点,具有良好的查询性能。     

面向移动对象的高效预测范围聚集查询方法

预测范围聚集查询是移动对象数据库中重要的查询类型之一.提出了一种PRA树高效预测范围聚集查询索引,对速度域进行规则划分,根据速度矢量大小将移动对象映射到不同的速度桶中,针对每个速度桶,提出了一种聚集TPR树索引,通过在TPR树中间节点中加入聚集信息以减少预测范围聚集查询所需要的节点访问代价.PRA树索引增加了一个建于叶节点之上的Hash辅助索引结构,并采用自底向上的删除搜索算法,具有很好的动态性能和并发性.提出了一种增强预测范围聚集查询EPRA算法,采用更精确的剪枝搜索准则,减少了查询所需要访问的节点代价.实验结果与分析表明,基于PRA树索引的EPRA查询算法具有良好的查询性能,优于通用的TPR*树索引.     

非结构化P2P网络资源搜索改进算法

为了改善非结构化对等网络(peer-to-peer,P2P)资源搜索的网络负载大、搜索时间长的缺点。对现有P2P网络资源搜索算法进行了研究,在此基础上,提出一种基于索引表的跳跃式算法,该算法中每一个节点存有一定数量邻居节点的资源索引,节点利用资源索引表以跳跃方式查询节点,网络中的某些节点需要查询资源索引表,而某些节点无需查询资源索引表,直接转发查询消息即可。通过OPNET进行仿真实验表明,该算法能有效的减少网络负载和搜索延时,提高了搜索成功率。     

分布式环境下大规模移动对象范围查询算法

移动对象的连续范围查询是许多基于位置的服务的核心问题。针对该问题,提出一种面向大规模移动对象并发范围查询的分布式搜索方法。首先,设计了一种由全局网格索引（GGI）和局部弹性四叉树构成的移动对象分布式动态索引（DDI）结构。其次,提出了一种基于DDI结构的分布式查询算法（DSA）,该算法首先引入了一种在移动对象和查询点的位置连续变化的情况下的查询结果增量更新策略;然后,在增量更新过程中引入一种面向多并发查询的共享计算优化策略,该策略能够根据已有计算结果对移动对象范围查询结果进行增量搜索。最后,基于德国路网模拟了3个具有不同空间分布的移动对象数据集,将DSA与NS(Naive Search)、GI(Grid Index)和分布式混合索引（DHI）进行对比。实验结果表明,与性能最好的对比算法DHI相比,DSA的初始查询时间减少了22.7%,增量查询时间减少了15.2%,性能优于对比算法。     

基于双层网格索引的移动对象KNN查询算法

移动对象KNN查询技术是当前数据库领域中的一个研究热点.实际的移动对象的应用多数存在由对象速度变化引起的动态负载问题,而现有KNN查询算法较少考虑该问题.提出了一种基于双层网格索引的移动对象KNN查询算法.算法采用粗细双层网格将不同速度的移动对象分开索引,对于速度快的对象在粗网格中索引,速度慢的在细网格中索引,减少了索引的更新次数,提高了KNN查询的效率.针对真实数据集实验结果表明,基于双层网格索引结构的移动对象KNN查询算法与以往采用单层网格的算法相比,能有效地解决动态负载问题.     

一种移动对象增量组最近邻居查询方法

基于移动对象增量最近邻居查询(INCNN),提出一种移动对象增量组最近邻居查询方法(INCGNN)。该方法以较小的代价求出每次更新时刻的组最近邻居。针对组最近邻居查询的特点,给出了k+1组最近邻居查询改进算法,椭圆剪枝和延迟更新3种优化查询的策略。实验结果表明,INCGNN明显优于REEGNN,3种优化策略能较好地提高查询性能。     

基于最短路径的道路网络k近邻查询处理

针对基于空间道路网络的k近部查询处理,提出了分布式移动对象更新策略以有效减少服务器计算代价,利用基于内存的空间道路网络部接矩阵、最短路径矩阵结构和移动对象哈希表索引分别对道路网络无向图与移动对象进行存储管理。提出了基于最短路径度量的网络扩展搜索(SPNE)算法,以通过裁剪网络搜索空间来减少k近部查询搜索代价。实验表明,SPNE算法的性能优于传统的NE和MKNN等k近邻查询处理算法。     

无线广播环境下的空间范围查询处理

为实现无线广播环境下快速且低能耗的空间范围查询,提出了一种基于网格空间索引的范围查询处理算法(RQGSI)。该算法在服务器端对空间数据对象建立网格空间索引以缩短调谐时间,并按Hilbert曲线填充顺序对划分后的网格进行调度以优化访问时间;在客户端设计了查询处理算法对数据对象进行过滤和剪枝;最后,通过模拟实验验证了RQGSI算法的性能。实验结果表明,RQGSI算法比基于R树的索引(RI)算法在调谐时间上降低约10%,在访问时间上降低约8%,RQGSI算法可以实现更快且更低能耗的范围查询。     

基于空间网络数据库的组最近邻居查询

组最近邻居查询是空间数据库在最近邻居查询上的新问题.目前,对组最近邻居查询的研究局限于欧氏空间,考察的只是对象间的相对位置关系,无法处理现实生活中对象间的连通性问题.鉴于此,本文基于空间网络数据库提出以网络距离为度量标准的组最近邻居查询概念,进而提出作为其算法基础的增量最近邻居查询算法INNN,最后构造出算法NMQM.
实验证明,NMQM是一种有效的组最近邻居查询算法.     

Monochromatic and bichromatic reverse top-k group nearest neighbor queries

The Group Nearest Neighbor (GNN) search is an important approach for expert and intelligent systems, i.e., Geographic Information System (GIS) and Decision Support System (DSS). However, traditional GNN search starts from users’ perspective and selects the locations or objects that users like. Such applications fail to help the managers since they do not provide managerial insights. In this paper, we focus on solving the problem from the managers’ perspective. In particular, we propose a novel GNN query, namely, the reverse top-k group nearest neighbor (RkGNN) query which returns k groups of data objects so that each group has the query object q as their group nearest neighbor (GNN). This query is an important tool for decision support, e.g., location-based service, product data analysis, trip planning, and disaster management because it provides data analysts an intuitive way for finding significant groups of data objects with respect to q. Despite their importance, this kind of queries has not received adequate attention from the research community and it is a challenging task to efficiently answer the RkGNN queries. To this end, we first formalize the reverse top-k group nearest neighbor query in both monochromatic and bichromatic cases, and then propose effective pruning methods, i.e., sorting and threshold pruning, MBR property pruning, and window pruning, to reduce the search space during the RkGNN query processing. Furthermore, we improve the performance by employing the reuse heap technique. As an extension to the RkGNN query, we also study an interesting variant of the RkGNN query, namely a constrained reverse top-k group nearest neighbor (CRkGN) query. Extensive experiments using synthetic and real datasets demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of our approaches.     

基于网格的共享近邻聚类算法

提出了一种基于网格的共享近邻聚类算法(Grid based shared Nearest Neighbor algorithm, GNN)。该算法主要利用网格技术去除数据集中的部分孤立点或噪声,使用密度阈值处理技术来处理网格的密度阈值,使用中心点技术提高聚类效率。GNN算法仅对数据集进行一遍扫描,且能处理任意形状和大小的聚类。实验表明,GNN有较好的可扩展性,其精度和效率明显地好于共享近邻SNN算法。     

Protecting privacy for distance and rank based group nearest neighbor queries

World Wide Web - This paper proposes a novel approach to safeguarding location privacy for GNN (group nearest neighbor) queries. Given the locations of a group of dispersed users, the GNN query...     

Probabilistic Group Nearest Neighbor Queries in Uncertain Databases

The importance of query processing over uncertain data has recently arisen due to its wide usage in many real-world applications. In the context of uncertain databases, previous works have studied many query types such as nearest neighbor query, range query, top-k query, skyline query, and similarity join. In this paper, we focus on another important query, namely, probabilistic group nearest neighbor (PGNN) query, in the uncertain database, which also has many applications. Specifically, given a set, Q, of query points, a PGNN query retrieves data objects that minimize the aggregate distance (e.g., sum, min, and max) to query set Q. Due to the inherent uncertainty of data objects, previous techniques to answer group nearest neighbor (GNN) query cannot be directly applied to our PGNN problem. Motivated by this, we propose effective pruning methods, namely, spatial pruning and probabilistic pruning, to reduce the PGNN search space, which can be seamlessly integrated into our PGNN query procedure. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed approach, in terms of the wall clock time and the speed-up ratio against linear scan.     

基于时空连续性的运动对象最近邻居查询

时空数据库中的运动对象最近邻居查询是NN Queries中的新问题,基于TPR-TREE索引结构的TP NN Queries算法能较好地处理对象的时态特性,但会多次查询同一对象。本文利用运动对象的时空连续性对TP NN Queries算法进行改进,通过一次查询TPR-TREE索引获取所有候选NN对象与查询对象的距离变化曲线,进而得到NN对象集,减少了查询及时空运算的次数。本文最后给出了实验分析。     

移动对象的动态反向k最近邻研究

反向最近邻查询是空间数据库中最重要的算法之一。传统的反向最近邻查询方法主要是针对静态对象的查询,随着无线通讯和定位技术的快速发展,移动对象发出的查询请求成为新的研究热点。该文将TPR-tree作为算法的索引结构,并提出了基于矩形框的对角线的修剪策略,将半平面修剪策略进行改进,给出了移动对象的动态反向k最近邻的查询方案。     

Efficient processing of probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor queries over uncertain data

Reverse nearest neighbor (RNN) search is very crucial in many real applications. In particular, given a database and a query object, an RNN query retrieves all the data objects in the database that have the query object as their nearest neighbors. Often, due to limitation of measurement devices, environmental disturbance, or characteristics of applications (for example, monitoring moving objects), data obtained from the real world are uncertain (imprecise). Therefore, previous approaches proposed for answering an RNN query over exact (precise) database cannot be directly applied to the uncertain scenario. In this paper, we re-define the RNN query in the context of uncertain databases, namely probabilistic reverse nearest neighbor (PRNN) query, which obtains data objects with probabilities of being RNNs greater than or equal to a user-specified threshold. Since the retrieval of a PRNN query requires accessing all the objects in the database, which is quite costly, we also propose an effective pruning method, called geometric pruning (GP), that significantly reduces the PRNN search space yet without introducing any false dismissals. Furthermore, we present an efficient PRNN query procedure that seamlessly integrates our pruning method. Extensive experiments have demonstrated the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed GP-based PRNN query processing approach, under various experimental settings.     

移动对象最近邻查询实时更新算法

在移动对象最近邻查询实时更新算法中,安全区一般是难以求解的不规则凸多边形。针对该问题,将安全区设计为圆形,在此基础上提出一种效率更高的移动对象最近邻查询更新算法。将算法分别运行于基站上的最近邻管理系统和移动对象上的Client管理系统,实验结果表明,该算法可以降低系统的存储代价,提高其数据处理性能。