MAH改性PE/PA6共混体系的热致形状记忆功能

采用马来酸酐(MAH)改性聚乙烯(PE)与尼龙6(PA6)接枝共混方法制备具有微晶物理交联结构的形状记忆体系。在不同条件下,对不同组分含量试样的形状回复率进行测试,研究回复温度、拉伸率、形变固定时间、回复次数等因素对该体系形状记忆性能的影响。结果表明,这些因素对体系微晶物理交联结构稳定的影响是导致形状记忆性能变化的根本原因。     

E/VAC对PC/PBT共混体系性能的影响

针对聚碳酸酯(PC)／聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)共混体系相容性差的缺点,采用(乙烯／乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E／VAC)作增容剂对其进行改性。研究了E／VAC对PC／PBT共混体系结晶性能和力学性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜观察了共混体系的形态结构。结果表明,E／VAC可以提高PC／PBT共混体系的相容性,当E／VAC含量为2％时共混体系的综合性能较好。试验还发现加入E／VAC后PC／PBT共混体系有良好的成型加工性能。     

E/VAC增韧PBT复合材料的力学性能研究

采用(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E/VAC)增韧改性聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT),研究了不同含量E/VAC和不同增容剂及其含量对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入E/VAC可以提高PBT的韧性,且引入(乙烯/丙烯酸甲酯)共聚物后复合材料的韧性进一步得到提高,但却使复合材料的拉伸强度降低;而三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯增容剂可以使复合材料的拉伸强度略有提高,而韧性稍有下降。     

PP/PA6共混体系的应力松弛行为研究

通过毛细管流变仪和旋转流变仪对聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PA6)、聚丙烯／马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯／尼龙6(PP／PP—g—MAH／PA6)共混体系的应力松弛行为进行了研究。在毛细管流变仪中,共混体系的应力松弛行为由形变的分散相液滴的回复能力决定;而在旋转流变仪中,其动态应力松弛行为不仅与形变的分散相液滴的回复能力且与其产生形变的能力有关。在增容共混体系中,由于反应生成的PP—g—MAH—g—PA6共聚物位于共混体系的两相界面处,所以增容共混体系的应力松弛行为与未增容共混体系有很大不同。     

PTW反应性增容PP/PET共混合金的热致形状记忆性能研究

选用乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯三元共聚物(PTW)作为反应性增容剂,采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)/PTW共混合金。研究了组分含量、拉伸比、形变回复温度和时间对共混合金的形变回复率的影响。结果表明:少量PTW即可显著提高PP与PET之间的相容性,当拉伸比为80%,回复温度为170℃,回复时间为120 s时,PP/PET/PTW(质量比85/15/1)共混合金的形状记忆性能达到最优,形变回复率达到95%以上。     

改性E/VAC发泡材料的研究

对(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E/VAC)与改性剂A及相容剂B共混物的发泡材料进行研究。主要研究了E/VAC共混改性基体的组成及基体性能与相应发泡材料性能的关系。并研究了发泡剂和交联剂的不同配比对发泡材料性能的影响。     

E/VAC对PC/ABS合金力学性能及微观结构的影响

将(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E/VAC)与聚碳酸酯(PC)、(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)在双螺杆挤出机中共混,制备了PC/ABS/(E/VAC)合金材料。研究表明,添加5份E/VAC可显著提高PC/ABS合金的缺口冲击强度,当PC/ABS合金中E/VAC形成的弹性核粒径为0.2~0.4μm,且在PC/ABS基体中分散均匀、大小均一时,合金的缺口冲击强度提高到48.4kJ/m2,增幅达48.73%。分散在基体中的E/VAC通过改变自身构象来吸收和分散冲击能量,从而达到增韧PC/ABS合金的效果。     

MCA/APP协同作用对E/VAC燃烧性能与成炭机制的影响

通过筛选复配,组成了以三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)为气源、聚磷酸铵(APP)为酸源的化学膨胀复配阻燃体系,用于对(乙烯/乙酸乙烯酯)共聚物(E/VAC)进行阻燃改性。通过极限氧指数(LOI)测试、垂直燃烧实验研究了MCA/APP协同阻燃作用对E/VAC燃烧性能的影响;并运用光学显微镜(OL)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)等分析手段对阻燃E/VAC体系燃烧后的结构进行了分析。结果表明,随着APP在MCA/APP体系中比例的增加,阻燃E/VAC的LOI由25.2%提高到28.3%;当MCA/APP配比为1.8∶1时,阻燃E/VAC的燃烧等级可以达到FV-0级;燃烧试样膨胀层的OL分析表明,随着MCA在MCA/APP体系中比例的增加,其膨胀层横截面处的孔洞增多、孔径变大,证明燃烧时形成了良好的膨胀和隔热层;燃烧试样炭层的OL和SEM分析表明,随着APP在MCA/APP体系中比例的增加,燃烧试样形成了具有良好阻燃效果的多孔泡沫状炭层;FTIR分析表明,阻燃E/VAC试样燃烧时发生脱水炭化现象。     

一步法多单体反应挤出PP/PA6增容体系研究

采用一步法将接枝单体马来酸酐(MAH)和苯乙烯(St)、引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)与聚丙烯(PP)、尼龙6(PA6)、乙烯辛烯共聚物(POE)等混匀后在双螺杆挤出机中就地反应增容，详细地讨论了MAH／St／DCP用量和PA6含量对共混体系拉伸性能和冲击性能的影响；通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析了MAH／St／DCP用量及PA6含量对共混物的亚微形态、相界面的影响；通过红外光谱(FTIR)的结果分析对PP／PA6共混物增容反应机理进行了初步探讨。结果表明：一步法添加MAH／St／DCP引起PP／PA6共混体系发生了酰亚胺化反应，生成了Pp—(St—MAH)—PA6接枝共聚物有很好的增容作用；PA6与基体PP的界面非常模糊，分散相的颗粒也变得均匀细小，约0．5μm，大大改善了两相之间的粘结；从而使得PP／PA6共混体系的力学性能有了较大的提高，PA6质量分数在20％，MAH／St／DCP添加1～4份时效果最佳，缺口冲击强度提高2倍左右，拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、无缺口冲击强度也有明显改善。     

(PE/POE)-g-MAH增韧尼龙6的研究

马来酸酐接枝PE／POE(POE为乙烯—辛烯共聚物)对尼龙6(PA6)有显著的增韧效果。对马来酸酐接枝PE／POE的产物进行了红外光谱表征，证实了马来酸酐在PE／POE主链上的接枝。同时研究了(PE／POE)—g—MAH增韧PA6的形态、机械性能及简要的增韧机理。结果表明，PA6与(PE／POE)—g—MAH有很好的相容性，共混体系的缺口冲击强度比纯尼龙6有明显提高，当(PE／POE)—g—MAH用量达到30％时，可获得超韧尼龙。但同时，随着(PE／POE)—g—MAH用量的增加。共混体系的拉伸和扭曲强度有一定程度的下降，其中扭曲强度下降较为明显。     

Compact Swelling in Bi1.4Pb0.6Sr2Ca2Cu3.6Oy During the Formation of High-Tc Superconducting Phase

Compact swelling in Pb-doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor has been studied by observing the effects of the size of calcined powders, volatilization of materials, and sintering of high- T _c (2223) powders. The bulk density increases at the early stage of sintering, for about 20 h, and then decreases. Densification occurs when the low- T _c (2212) phase and a liquid phase exist, whereas dedensification occurs with the formation of the 2223 phase regardless of the presence of the liquid. Gas evolution from specimens does not appear to be responsible for compact swelling. Compact swelling is explained by anisotropic growth of thin, platelike 2223 grains in random orientation. When 2223 grains grow in a preferred direction, compact swelling is suppressed.     

Synthetic routes to nanoscale BxCyNz architectures

B_xC_yN_z nanoscale materials, hybrids of h-BN and graphite, have been recently synthesised using various techniques. Here, we present the latest advances in the synthesis and characterisation of B-C-N nanotubes and nanofibres. In particular, we focus on layered BC₂N, BN, BC and CN_x systems, reviewing their production methods as well as their structural and electronic properties. These materials may find important applications in the fabrication of nanotransistors, robust nanocomposites, conducting polymers, storage components and field emission sources.     

Structure Evolution from Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 to La(Mg2/3Nb1/3)O3

The crystal structure of lanthanum-modified lead magnesium niobates having composition (Pb_{1− x} La _x ) (Mg_{(1+ x )/3}-Nb_{(2− x )/3})O₃ with X = 0 to 1 was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction. It was found that the fundamental reflections from perovskite structure remain in the whole range of composition. The superlattice reflections from the A(B'_1/2-B"_1/2)O₃ ordered structure are also well preserved for La content greater than 50 at.%; however, a series of extra peaks of mixing indices appears, with intensities gradually enhanced with the increase of La content. For the complete substitution of Pb by La, a splitting of some reflections can be observed in the diffraction pattern. The results indicate that the crystal structure evolves continuously with the La content, from disordered cubic perovskite of space group Pm 3 m for X = 0, to ordered cubic perovskite of space group Fm 3 m for X = 0.5, distorted cubic perovskite of space group Pa 3 for 0.5 < X < 0.9, and finally to a rhombohedral perovskite, possibly belonging to the space group R 3 , for X ≥ 0.9. In the evolution of structure, a linear reduction of the lattice constant of the perovskite cell from 4.048 to 3.964 Å was observed.     

Microwave Dielectric Properties of CaTiO3-CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 Ceramics Doped with Li3NbO4

The microwave dielectric properties of CaTi_{1− x} (Al_1/2Nb_1/2) _x O₃ solid solutions (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) have been investigated. The sintered samples had perovskite structures similar to CaTiO₃. The substitution of Ti⁴⁺ by Al³⁺/Nb⁵⁺ improved the quality factor Q of the sintered specimens. A small addition of Li₃NbO₄ (about 1 wt%) was found to be very effective for lowering sintering temperature of ceramics from 1450–1500° to 1300°C. The composition with x = 0.5 sintered at 1300°C for 5 h revealed excellent dielectric properties, namely, a dielectric constant (ɛ_r) of 48, a Q × f value of 32 100 GHz, and a temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency (τ_f) of −2 ppm/K. Li₃NbO₄ as a sintering additive had no harmful influence on τ_f of ceramics.     

Preparation and properties of poly(Nε,Nε-dicarboxymethyl-l-lysine)

A new ampholytic homopolypeptide, $\text{poly}\text{(N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{,N}{}^{\mathrm{\epsilon }}\text{-}\text{dicarboxy-methyl-}\text{l}\text{-lysine}\text{)}$, which has one tertiary amino and two carboxyl groups in the side chain has been derived from a hydrochloride salt of poly(L-lysine). The polymer in aqueous solution seems to be in the coil form with locally extended structure (LES) at neutral pH. In both the acidic and alkaline regions, the molar ellipticity of the polymer changes as a result of change in net charge on the side chain. The conformational changes may be from the coil with LES to other coiled forms. 5–7 M NaClO₄ and 80% aqueous methanol induce the α-helix in the polymer at neutral pH. Divalent cations, Cu²⁺ and Ca²⁺, do not induce any remarkably ordered structures such as α-helix or β-structure in the polymer in aqueous solution at any pH. Ultraviolet absorption studies show an absorption peak of the polymer-Cu²⁺ complex near 240 nm. Dependence of the peak intensity on pH at various q values ($\text{q =}\text{[}\text{Cu}{}^{\mathrm{2+}}\text{]}\text{[}\text{residue}\text{]}$) indicates the two steps of the complex formation. At q less than 0.64, the formation is described only with the first step. An average coordination number for Cu²⁺ at the first step was calculated to be about 2 by the method of Mandel and Leyte. The association constant of Cu²⁺ with the residue at the step was determined from the absorption data to be far smaller than that for the Cu²⁺-EDTA complex. The second step of the formation occurs in the case of large q but the absorption data for the second step cannot be obtained exactly due to precipitation.     

Dielectric-State Analysis in Solid-Solution Pb(Yb1/2Ta1/2)O3–Pb(Lu1/2Nb1/2)O3

The structure and temperature dependence of complex lead perovskite dielectrics were investigated for the system (1 − x )Pb(Yb_1/2Ta_1/2)O₃– x Pb(Lu_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃. Superlattice reflections for the compositions 0.8 < x < 1.0 were observed by X-ray diffractometry, and the temperature-composition dielectric-state diagram was determined. In the present study, the disordered middle composition, with 0.2 < x < 0.8, showed a diffuse paraelectric–ferroelectric phase transition, whereas the ordered end compositions, with 0 ≤ x < 0.2 and 0.8 < x ≤ 1.0, revealed successive sharp paraelectric–antiferroelectric and weak antiferroelectric–ferroelectric phase transitions. The dielectric state was confirmed by examining the variation of polarization ( P ) with electric field ( E ).