不同蛋白酶对红鳍笛鲷鱼排酶解液风味影响

以红鳍笛鲷鱼排为原料,分别采用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶4种酶水解,通过氨基酸组成分析、感官评价及电子舌对酶解液的滋味进行评价。结果表明：风味蛋白酶酶解液的水解度及多肽含量最高,分别为29.14%、4.27 g/100 g;氨基酸组成分析表明风味蛋白酶酶解液的氨基酸总含量最高。感官评价结果表明,4种蛋白酶酶解液中风味蛋白酶酶解液风味较好,苦味不明显,总体呈味鲜美浓郁。电子舌测定结果表明,中性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶的酶解液最接近鲜味参比溶液。因此最终确定风味蛋白酶是制备红鳍笛鲷鱼排呈味肽的最佳用酶。     

蛋白酶酶解罗非鱼糜的工艺研究

用风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶和碱性蛋白酶对罗非鱼肉进行水解,以酶解液中氨基态氮含量为指标,选择出风味蛋白酶为水解罗非鱼蛋白的最适蛋白酶.单因素实验确定风味蛋白酶水解的最佳条件为:固液比为1:4、温度为50℃、未调节初始pH值(初始pH为6.9)、加酶量为0.6%(g/g,相对于鱼糜质量),酶解8h后酶解液中氨基态氮含量为1...     

酶解鲫鱼肉制取呈味氨基酸研究

实验以鲫鱼肉为原料,目的是获得酶解率高、风味良好的热反应基液。以酶解率、游离氨基酸含量和呈味氨基酸比例三指标筛选最优蛋白酶(木瓜蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶),通过响应面法优化风味蛋白酶酶解工艺,确定酶解温度55℃,初始pH 6.7,加酶量2525U/g(底物),酶解率61.92%。优化后水解液中氨基态氮含量达到4.377mg/g,游离氨基酸量2.424g/dL。呈味氨基酸所占氨基酸总量比例从25.837%提升至36.848%,提高了43%;参与热反应的重要风味氨基酸总量达到0.568g/dL。对酶解液滋味贡献较大的氨基酸有Arg,Glu,Met,Ala,Lys。     

不同蛋白酶制备鹅肉呈味肽的对比分析

以鹅肉为原料,采用中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶制备呈味肽,对比分析4 种酶解液中的水解度、寡肽含量,采用氨基酸自动分析仪对酶解液游离氨基酸组成进行测定,并利用电子舌和感官评定方法对酶解液的鲜味等味道进行滋味评定。结果表明：45 ℃恒温水浴酶解6.5 h,加酶量1 200 U/g、pH 7.0、固液比1∶3（g/mL）的条件下,木瓜蛋白酶酶解液水解度最大且寡肽质量分数最高,其次是中性蛋白酶,鹅肉蛋白水解度达到29.69%,寡肽质量分数达到0.18%。此外,中性蛋白酶酶解液的风味最好。中性蛋白酶酶解后产生的游离氨基酸类型丰富,谷氨酸和丙氨酸的含量高,最终酶解液整体鲜味浓郁,并伴有酸味。因此,确定酶解鹅肉蛋白的最佳用酶为中性蛋白酶。     

微波辅助分步酶解菜籽粕制备菜籽多肽的研究

以脱脂菜籽粕为原料,利用微波辅助技术,对碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶分步酶解菜籽粕蛋白的工艺进行了研究。结果表明,在最适微波条件下(碱性蛋白酶的微波温度46℃,风味蛋白酶50℃,微波功率均为500 W),碱性蛋白酶加酶量9 000 U/g,酶解3 min,风味蛋白酶加酶量37.5 LAPU/g,酶解13 min,得到的酶解产物的水解度为50.94%,氮收率为96%,多肽得率34.45%,氮溶指数84.22%,三氯乙酸氮溶指数77.90%。凝胶柱层析法分析表明,酶解产物为大量相对分子质量在1 000 Da的短肽。     

双酶酶法制备大豆肽及其性质研究

为探讨脱脂豆粕在双酶作用下的水解效果及其酶解物的性质,选用碱I生蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶为水解酶,采用单因素实验确定双酶水解豆粕的最佳条件,并对脱脂豆粕酶解物的性质进行了初步研究。结果表明碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶水解豆粕的最佳条件为：底物质量分数5％,先加入嘲陛蛋白酶用量为10000U／g底物,在55℃、pH8．0下酶解0．5h,调节pH至7．5,再加入风味蛋白酶5％,双酶同时酶解3h。脱脂豆粕蛋白酶解物的溶解度和吸水性比大豆分离蛋白有很大提高,粘度明显降低水解物中肽的分子量主要集中在500～1200之间。     

组合酶对复合骨素酶解液呈味物质的影响

为探究组合酶对牛骨素和鸡骨素的复合骨素酶解液呈味物质的影响,选取四种组合酶(木瓜蛋白酶+风味蛋白酶、菠萝蛋白酶+风味蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶+风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶+风味蛋白酶)制备复合骨素酶解液,测定四种复合骨素酶解液的水解度、游离氨基酸、呈味核苷酸、味精当量(Equivalent umami concentration,EUC)、肽分子量分布等呈味物质指标,并进行对比分析。结果表明:碱性蛋白酶+风味蛋白酶(Alkaline proteinase+Flavourzyme,A+F)和复合蛋白酶+风味蛋白酶(Protamex+Flavourzyme,P+F)酶解液的水解度最大,分别为10.67%和11.27%;对呈味游离氨基酸组成分析发现,A+F酶解液鲜味氨基酸、苦味氨基酸、无味氨基酸含量最高,A+F和P+F酶解液总游离氨基酸含量最高;四种酶解液中肌苷酸较另两种核苷酸含量高,A+F酶解液总核苷酸含量最高;比较四种酶解液味精当量,A+F酶解液EUC值最大;A+F和P+F酶解液中分子量<1000 Da肽段含量最高,制备复合骨素酶解液的呈味效果更好;主成分分析表明A+F组合酶综合得分最高,A+F组合酶为美拉德反应提供丰富反应底物。     

香菇酶解调味液的工艺研究

以香菇为对象,采用酶解的方法制备香菇酶解调味液。采用纤维素酶酶解香菇,使细胞壁破裂,胞内蛋白溶出,继续用蛋白酶酶解,制备富含小分子肽和氨基酸等呈味物质的香菇调味液。研究结果:纤维素酶最佳酶解温度为50℃,酶解时间为2.5 h,酶解p H为5.0,酶添加量为0.6%。将纤维素酶酶解后的溶液继续采用碱性蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶进行复合酶解,两种酶的最佳酶活比例为2∶1;复合蛋白酶的最佳酶解温度为55℃,酶解时间为2.5 h,酶解p H为7.5,酶添加量为18000 U/g,在此条件下酶对蛋白的水解度达到最大26.7%。     

酶法水解大鲵蛋白的工艺研究

选择中性蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、动物蛋白水解酶、风味酶水解大鲵蛋白,分析酶的种类、酶解pH值、时间、温度、料液比和酶浓度对水解效果的影响.以水解度为指标通过正交试验确定酶水解大鲵的最佳工艺:选用动物蛋白水解酶,在pH8.0,水解温度50%,水解时间7h,料液比1:5,酶浓度2000U/g条件下,水解度可达44.05%.     

二次旋转组合法优化酶解胡麻籽粕蛋白工艺研究

以胡麻籽粕蛋白粉为原料分别采用碱性蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对胡麻籽粕蛋白进行酶解以水解度和可溶性氮含量为指标对酶制剂进行筛选。通过单因素及二次旋转组合设计试验以水解度为指标,获取最佳酶解工艺。结果表明,碱性蛋白酶与风味蛋白酶对胡麻籽粕蛋白的酶解效果较好,胡麻籽粕蛋白的最佳酶解工艺为:碱性蛋白酶作用底物浓度30%,碱性蛋白酶作用时间4.5 h,碱性蛋白酶添加量35 000 U,风味蛋白酶添加量3 000 U,风味蛋白酶作用时间3.5 h。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press