富硒花生中含硒蛋白的提取及其抗氧化性的研究

脱脂富硒花生干粉(0.3147μg/g)的硒含量是普通花生脱脂干粉的2.5倍以上。富硒花生中蛋白质的提取率为23.39%,碱溶性蛋白是富硒花生中蛋白质的主要形式,蛋白含量占总可提取蛋白的92.82%,它结合的硒占总蛋白硒的77.33%,在富硒花生的不同溶解性的蛋白质提取物中,水溶性蛋白相比于其他蛋白提取物具有更高的DPPH自由基清除能力,更高的还原力和更长的诱导时间,这在很大程度上可以解释为由于它的高硒含量。     

Effect of selenium spraying on green tea quality

This research was conducted to determine the effects of different selenium treatments on the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea harvested in the summer tea‐producing season. Green tea was produced from fresh tea leaves sprayed with sodium selenite or organically bound selenium solution. The results showed that the sweetness and aroma of green tea extracts were significantly increased and the astringent taste and bitterness were significantly reduced by selenium spraying during the summer tea‐producing season. Significant differences in astringent taste, bitterness and sweetness of green tea extracts were found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. The total amino acid and vitamin C contents of green tea were significantly increased and the ratio of polyphenols and amino acids was significantly decreased by selenium spraying. The vitamin C content of green tea during storage was more stable as a result of selenium treatment. No significant difference was found between sodium selenite and organically bound selenium treatments. These results demonstrate that the sensory and chemical qualities of green tea were significantly improved by selenium spraying. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry     

富硒绿茶中锌、硒、铅、铝的溶出研究

目的研究富硒绿茶冲泡过程锌、硒、铅、铝4个元素的溶出,为科学饮茶提供指导。方法通过在实验室模拟茶叶冲泡过程,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry,ICP-MS)测试了不同冲泡时间和不同冲泡次数下茶汤中锌、硒、铅、铝的溶出率。结果锌、硒的溶出在30 min内相对增长较快,并且经3~4次冲泡溶出可溶出部分达80%;铅在5 min内和第1次冲泡溶出可溶出部分达50%以上;铝在整个过程溶出平稳,总溶出率小于10%。结论锌、硒、铅、铝4个元素在不同冲泡时间和不同冲泡次数下溶出性不一致;适度洗茶,可以去除较多铅的可溶性部分,而锌、硒损失较少;长时间浸泡和多次冲泡后,各元素溶出量增加较少。     

酸奶发酵对绿茶粉功效成分和抗氧化性的影响

为促进茶叶消费,生产营养全面、风味独特的新型酸奶,研制了绿茶粉酸奶。通过测定绿茶粉酸奶的功效成分及其抗氧化性,以研究酸奶发酵过程对绿茶粉的影响。数据表明,主要的儿茶素含量剩余93.64%;茶多酚79.71%;叶绿素a减少46.83%,叶绿素b减少87.02%,叶绿素总量下降63.94%;而抗氧化性提高了9.37%。根据以上的测定结果,将绿茶粉添加到酸奶中发酵可以引入其功效成分和抗氧化性,因此产品的开发有效可行。     

包装方式对颗粒形绿茶贮藏品质和抗氧化活性的影响

目的 探索不同包装方式对颗粒形绿茶贮藏品质的影响。方法 本研究将颗粒形绿茶分别采用单一铝箔包装和脱氧剂包装,在温度15±1℃、相对湿度65%下贮藏24个月,采用高效液相色谱法、感官审评方法和色差分析法,研究贮藏过程中风味成分和抗氧化活性的动态变化。结果 随着贮藏时间延长,两种包装方式颗粒形绿茶含水量呈上升趋势（P<0.05）,而茶多酚含量、儿茶素总量、非酯型儿茶素和酯型儿茶素呈下降趋势（P<0.05）。咖啡碱含量在贮藏前期相对稳定（P>0.05）,贮藏24个月后显著下降（P<0.05）。色差结果表明,两种包装方式颗粒形绿茶贮藏中L值、a值和b/a值均呈下降趋势（P<0.05）,采用脱氧包装的颗粒形绿茶茶汤L*值、a*值始终高于单一铝箔包装。贮存24月后,单一铝箔包装和脱氧包装的颗粒形绿茶DPPH 自由基清除率分别为48.96%和60.87%。相关性结果表明,不同包装方式颗粒形绿茶的DPPH清除率与a值、b/a值、茶多酚、表儿茶素含量呈极显著正相关（P <0.01）。感官审评表明,采用脱氧包装的颗粒形绿茶的汤色、滋味和感官总分始终高于单一铝箔包装。结论 相较于单一铝箔包装,采用脱氧包装更有利于颗粒形绿茶贮藏品质保持,从而延长颗粒形绿茶货架期。本研究为颗粒形绿茶贮藏品质控制提供理论依据和技术指导。     

ORAC法评价16种茶叶的抗氧化能力

目的评价4类不同发酵类型16种茶叶样品总抗氧化能力。方法采用氧自由基吸收能力(oxygen radical absorbance capacity,ORAC)法。结果闽红茶样品ORAC值最高,为1379.1μmol TE/g,其次为乌龙茶水仙,其ORAC值为1270.7μmol TE/g,第三位绿茶品种的古丈毛尖,其ORAC值为1247.1μmol TE/g。绿茶样品整体均具有较高的ORAC值,但4类茶叶的ORAC值无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论 4类茶叶样品均具有一定的抗氧化活性,但尚不能认为不同种类茶叶的ORAC值不同。     

微波杀青制备桑茶及其细胞抗氧化作用研究

以桑鲜叶为原料,采用微波杀青工艺制备桑茶,并通过建立细胞模型研究微波杀青桑茶不同溶剂提取物抗氧化作用。结果显示:微波杀青桑茶不同溶剂提取物主要抗氧化成分多酚和黄酮类含量分别为26.53³7.67mg/g提取物和18.56²4.89mg/g提取物,细胞抗氧化活性大小为50%乙醇提取物>75%乙醇提取物>95%乙醇提取物>沸水提取物,且桑茶不同溶剂提取物的细胞抗氧化作用均存在剂量-效应关系;显著性分析表明50%⁷5%乙醇提取物细胞抗氧化能力显著高于沸水提取物和95%乙醇提取物（p<0.05）。细胞内抗氧化活性与提取物中多酚类和黄酮类含量相关性较弱,相关系数分别为0.216、0.129。表明不能用多酚类和黄酮类含量来衡量桑茶提取物细胞抗氧化能力。      

绿咖啡豆提取物的抗氧化性研究

本文通过5种体系对绿咖啡豆提取物的抗氧化活性进行了综合评价,包括总抗氧化能力、DPPH自由基清除活性、ABTS自由基清除活性、铁离子还原能力和金属离子螯合能力等。结果表明:绿咖啡豆提取物在一定的浓度范围内具有很强的总抗氧化能力,极显著高于BHT和VC(p<0.01),具有较强的DPPH自由基(IC50(0.072±0.003)mg/mL)和ABTS自由基(IC50(0.22±0.01)mg/mL)清除活性,较强的铁离子还原能力,但不具备金属离子螯合能力。绿咖啡豆提取物具有较强的抗氧化活性,是一种潜在的天然抗氧化剂。      

煮制时间与二次煮制对紫娟普洱茶抗氧化性的影响

分析不同煮制时间以及二次煮制对紫娟普洱茶中主要活性成分浸出情况的影响。测定茶汤的总花青素、总酚及总黄酮等抗氧化成分含量,分析茶汤的·OH清除能力、DPPH自由基清除能力、总抗氧化性、还原能力与这些抗氧化成分的相关性。结果表明,紫娟普洱茶汤中的抗氧化成分随煮制时间延长而增加,第一次煮制7min后,各活性成分总含量的增加大多趋于平缓;第二次煮制后,各类活性成分总含量下降显著(p<0.05)。紫娟普洱茶汤的·OH清除能力、总抗氧化性与其活性成分含量呈线性正相关,且与总花青素、总酚含量的相关性更加明显(R2>0.8)。      

绿茶、桑叶和臭黄荆叶细粉水提液抑菌和抗氧化能力

探究绿茶、桑叶和臭黄荆叶3种植物干叶细粉水提液的抑菌和抗氧化能力。采用当量法测定3种原料中黄酮、多酚含量,二倍稀释法测定水提液对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度,牛津杯法分析原料的抑菌活性。利用分光光度法研究3种水提液及其两两等比混合后的DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率和Fe²⁺螯合能力。结果表明,绿茶粉中水溶性黄酮、多酚含量最高,分别为62. 22、133. 82 mg/g,桑叶粉次之,臭黄荆叶粉最少。绿茶、桑叶和臭黄荆叶细粉在DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率和Fe²⁺螯合能力方面无协同作用,但黄酮、多酚含量与其抑菌和抗氧化活性间存在显著的量效关系(P <0. 05)。因此,绿茶、桑叶和臭黄荆叶细粉水提液抑菌和抗氧化能力依次减弱,且三者抗氧化活性没有协同增效作用。     

Factors affecting the levels of catechins and caffeine in tea beverage: estimated daily intakes and antioxidant activity

Increased public awareness of health benefits of green tea is generally based on the high polyphenol content of tea leaves and the resulting beverage. A number of factors, such as species, season, agronomic condition and age of the leaves, are known to affect the composition of commercial teas. In the present study the effects of factors associated with domestic preparation and analytical methods, such as brewing time, concentration, solvent and type of tea product, on levels of catechins and caffeine, antioxidant activity and estimated daily intakes were investigated. There were large variations in the levels of total catechins: 43 and 117 mg g^?1 dry matter (DM) (brewed for 30 s and 5 min respectively); 72 and 161 mg g^?1 DM (extracted in boiling water and 50% acetonitrile respectively); 72 and 117 mg g^?1 DM (a tea bag and tea leaves respectively). The effects on caffeine content were comparatively smaller. These variations consequently led to considerable variations in estimated daily intakes based on three cups (600 ml), ranging between 538 and 2014 mg g^?1 DM of total catechins and between 103 and 466 mg g^?1 DM of caffeine. The antioxidant activity was highest (26 680 µmol g^?1 DM) for tea leaves brewed for 5 min and lowest (10 110 µmol g^?1 DM) for a tea bag product brewed for 1 min. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

乌龙茶多糖提取工艺及抗氧化作用研究

以乌龙茶为原料,研究不同因素对乌龙茶多糖得率的影响,初步探讨了乌龙茶多糖的抗氧化活性.结果表明,各因素对茶多糖得率的影响为:提取次数＞提取温度＞提取时间＞料液比;最佳提取工艺为提取时间80min,提取温度80℃,提取次数3次,料液比1∶35.在此条件下,茶多糖得率为15.73％.体外抗氧化试验表明,乌龙茶多糖对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、1,1-苯基-2-苦基肼自由基均具有一定的清除效果,且清除率随浓度的增大而增加.     

不同黑茶多糖的组成分析及其抗氧化活性

通过水提醇沉和Sevage法脱蛋白质获得茯砖茶、青砖茶、六堡茶、康砖茶、普洱茶和千两茶6种黑茶样品茶多糖,采用化学方法测定它们各自的中性糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸和多酚含量,并通过ABTS、DPPH、FRAP和总还原力等四种体系评价它们的抗氧化活性。结果表明,本次选用的6种黑茶样品茶多糖的组成与抗氧化活性有所差异,其中中性糖、蛋白质、糖醛酸和多酚四种成分含量范围分别为502.49~632.87,45.45~104.84,183.44~229.16,14.94~100.83 mg/g,且以普洱茶多糖的中性糖、蛋白质和多酚含量最高,而千两茶多糖的糖醛酸含量最高,此外它们均具有抗氧化能力,且在四种评价体系中从高到低的顺序相同,依次为普洱茶、康砖茶、六堡茶、青砖茶、茯砖茶和千两茶。本文为深入开展黑茶多糖组成与抗氧化活性研究及其功能产品开发提供了基础。      

低共熔溶剂提取绿茶总黄酮及其抗氧化活性

目的:优化低共熔溶剂提取绿茶总黄酮工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。方法:以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,以低共熔溶剂种类、液料比、提取温度和提取时间为影响因素,采用正交试验优化低共熔溶剂提取绿茶总黄酮工艺参数,并对其抗氧化活性进行评价。结果:绿茶总黄酮的最优提取工艺为以80%乙酰胆碱—乳酸(n_乙酰胆碱∶n_乳酸=1∶1)水溶液为低共熔溶剂,液料比(V_溶剂∶m_绿茶)30∶1(mL/g),提取温度90℃,提取时间75 min,此条件下绿茶总黄酮提取率为1.84%,总黄酮质量浓度为65.8 mg/mL。一定质量浓度范围内,绿茶总黄酮提取液对DPPH自由基和OH自由基的清除能力强于维生素C。结论:以80%乙酰胆碱—乳酸(n_乙酰胆碱∶n_乳酸=1∶1)水溶液为低共熔溶剂提取的绿茶总黄酮具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

Screening of the antioxidant properties and polyphenol composition of aromatised green tea infusions

BACKGROUND: Aromatised green teas are widely sold and popular owing to their fragrance. In this study the antioxidant activity of six commercial green tea infusions was assessed by three complementary assays. RESULTS: In order to evaluate the tea infusions as antioxidant sources, their phenolic content (Folin‐Ciocalteu assay), cupric ion‐reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical‐scavenging ability were determined. Their content of polyphenols was also determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) in negative electrospray ionisation mode. Some teas with citrus aroma, besides having a relatively high content of catechins, also contain other phenolic compounds such as naringin and hesperidin. The three assays used to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the tea infusions gave different rank orders. Therefore an antioxidant index was calculated for better correlation of the results, and its highest value was obtained for Clear Green Mint tea infusion. CONCLUSION: The studied teas, besides having a relatively high content of catechins, also contain naringin and hesperidin, which are not present in ‘pure’ green tea. It is important to run multiple assays to get a better estimate of the antioxidant capacity of a given sample. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同发酵原料对普洱茶抗氧化活性的影响

以晒青绿茶、半发酵红茶和全发酵红茶为原料,经固态发酵制备普洱茶,再以三种普洱茶的水提取物作为研究对象,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:三种普洱茶的抗氧化能力均与普洱茶提取物浓度呈现良好的量效关系。不同发酵原料制得的普洱茶提取物均有较强的抗氧化活性,综合分析三种茶叶的DPPH自由基清除能力、还原力、羟基自由基清除能力、抑制脂质体过氧化能力,以半发酵红茶为原料发酵的普洱茶的抗氧化性较好。说明半发酵红茶可以用作具有高抗氧化活性普洱茶的发酵原料。      

信阳毛尖茶色素的超声提取及其抗氧化活性

目的:优化信阳毛尖茶色素的超声提取工艺及研究其抗氧化活性。方法:在单因素实验的基础上采用正交实验法,考察了料液比、超声温度、超声时间和提取次数对得率的影响;通过二苯基苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、超氧自由基以及羟自由基的清除实验评价信阳毛尖茶色素的抗氧化活性。结果:所考察因素中,对信阳毛尖茶色素得率的影响程度是料液比>提取次数>超声温度>超声时间。超声提取的最佳条件是料液比1∶30、超声温度80℃、超声时间120 min、提取次数3次,该条件下茶色素得率达到了33.1%。信阳毛尖茶色素具有清除体外自由基的活性,其活性在一定浓度范围内随着浓度的增大而增强,对羟基自由基清除活性尤为明显。结论:采用正交实验优化提取条件,明显提高了信阳毛尖茶色素的得率;信阳毛尖茶色素具有良好的抗氧化作用,可作为天然抗氧化剂进一步开发和利用。