Morphological, Thermal, Barrier and Mechanical Properties of LDPE/EVOH Blends in Extruded Blown Films

We have investigated the morphological, thermal, barrier, and mechanical properties of low-density polyethylene/ethylene–vinyl alcohol blend (LDPE/EVOH; 85/15 wt%) in highly and biaxially oriented blown films. Maleic anhydride-grafted linear low-density polyethylene (LDPE-g-MAH) in various concentrations (from 0 to 10 phr) was used as the compatibilizer for the immiscible system. Thermal analysis of the blend films shows that their melting temperatures, crystallization temperatures, and heats of fusion stay almost constant upon varying the amount of compatibilizer. The addition of the compatibilizer did not adversely affect the inherent properties of the blends, especially their barrier properties, through constraint effects of the grafted EVOH (EVOH-g-LD). The heat of fusion of EVOH obtained during the first heating is much higher than that of the second as a result of stress-induced crystallization during the blown film process. Oxygen permeation measurements show that the oxygen barrier properties of both highly and biaxially oriented blown films decrease upon increasing the amount of compatibilizer, although morphological analysis showed that the blends exhibit better laminar dispersion of the EVOH phase in the LDPE matrix when LDPE-g-MAH is added. The increase in oxygen permeability results from the presence of microvoids at the interface between the two phases during the process. Mechanical measurements showed that there exists an optimal amount of LDPE-g-MAH for maximizing both the tensile and tear properties in both the machine and transverse directions.     

POE对PET挤出吹膜性能的影响

以聚烯烃弹性体(POE)为增韧剂,马来酸酐接枝POE(POE-g-MAH)为相容剂,与扩链改性后的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)共混后,加入单螺杆吹膜机中进行吹膜成型。研究了POE添加量对PET吹塑薄膜性能的影响。结果表明,随着POE添加量的增加,PET薄膜的断裂伸长率显著提高。当POE添加量为10%时,PET吹塑薄膜断裂伸长率提高至154.6%,得到柔韧性好、断裂伸长率高的PET吹塑薄膜。     

淀粉基生物降解塑料吹膜工艺及性能研究

通过挤出吹膜的方法制备PBSA/TPS淀粉基生物降解塑料,研究了不同风环结构及吹胀比和牵引比对于吹膜及性能的影响。结果表明:双风口风环可以极大提高PBSA/TPS材料的吹膜膜泡稳定性,而随着吹胀比和牵引比的增大,薄膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐撕裂力先增大再减小。     

振动力场对m-PE-LLD薄膜拉伸强度的影响

使用电磁动态吹膜机组加工m-PE-LLD薄膜,将振动力场引入到塑化挤出的全过程,考察了振动力场对m-PE-LLD薄膜拉伸强度的影响。研究发现,振动力场的加入使m-PE-LLD吹塑薄膜的横向强度增大、纵向强度减小,纵、横向拉伸强度趋于均匀。振动力场对PE-LD和PE-HD的拉伸强度的影响具有相似的规律,初步的分析机理认为:振动力场引入后,聚合物熔体同时受到轴向和周向的作用力,分子链会沿两个作用力的方向进行排列,形成网格化排列的结构,从而使薄膜纵、横向强度趋于均一。     

新型共挤吹塑薄膜机头

介绍了目前国际上最新的吹塑薄膜机头，重点介绍各种叠加机头的结构特点及应用。     

淀粉基生物降解塑料吹膜工艺及性能研究

通过挤出吹膜的方法制备PBSA/TPS淀粉基生物降解塑料,研究了不同风环结构及吹胀比和牵引比对于吹膜及性能的影响。结果表明:双风口风环可以极大提高PBSA/TPS材料的吹膜膜泡稳定性,而随着吹胀比和牵引比的增大,薄膜的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和耐撕裂力先增大再减小     

添加剂改性玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜的制备与表征

采用流延法制备高含量玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）的Zein/壳聚糖（CS）复合膜，通过复合添加剂〔m(甘油)：m(聚乙二醇400)=1:1〕对Zein/CS复合膜共混改性，研究复合添加剂添加量（以总溶液质量计，分别为0、0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%）对薄膜的力学、光学和热学性能等的影响，并通过SEM、FTIR对薄膜形貌和结构变化进行表征。结果表明，复合添加剂通过削弱Zein和CS之间的分子间作用力，达到增塑效果，薄膜综合机械性能有所改善，随着复合添加剂添加量的升高，薄膜断裂伸长率逐渐增强，拉伸强度呈下降再上升的趋势；水蒸气透过率逐渐增加，水接触角逐渐减小，薄膜亲水性随之增强。与不含复合添加剂的薄膜（ZC-0）相比，当复合添加剂添加量为1.5%时，复合膜（ZC-1.5）的抗拉强度降低了27.40%，断裂伸长率增长了39.87%，水蒸气透过率上升了29.10%。通过SEM和DSC观察，添加复合添加剂改性后，改善了Zein和CS之间的相容性，制备的薄膜表面更加平整光滑。综合性能可得，制备高含量Zein的Zein/CS复合膜，复合添加剂浓度为1.5%时，薄膜性能最优。并在含有1.5%复合添加剂的Zein/CS薄膜中添加了一定量的姜黄素，据测定其能够有效提高薄膜的抗氧化性能至55.18%。     

吹重包装膜机组的设计

概述了机组用途,主要组成部分,技术参数与结构特点,并着重叙述与探讨了换网装置、双复合机头、双风道环、内冷系统、旋转器等的用途,结构原理和特征。     

海泡石增强壳聚糖/玉米醇溶蛋白复合膜的制备及性能

采用流延成膜法制备了不同海泡石(SP)质量分数的壳聚糖(CS)/玉米蛋白(ZN)复合膜。研究了SP质量分数对CS/ZN复合膜机械性能和断面形貌的影响,分析了SP对CS/ZN复合膜的增强机理。扫描电子显微镜结果表明,SP粒子在复合膜中分散较好,CS与ZN之间有较好的相容性。随着SP质量分数增加,SP/CS/ZN膜拉伸强度先增加后减小,当SP质量分数为2%时,其拉伸强度达到最大值21.1 MPa,比纯CS/ZN提高了8.1%;而断裂伸长率随着SP质量分数先增加后降低,从15.3%下降为7.5%;同时复合膜的耐水性能上升,复合膜的吸水率随着SP质量分数增加先减小后增加,在8%时达到最小值。SP的引入导致复合膜的透光性能下降,SP质量分数为6%时在波长800 nm处光透过率下降约20%。     

mLLDPE及mLLDPE／LDPE共混物薄膜性能研究

研讨了茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯（ｍＬＬＤＰＥ）薄膜和ｍＬＬＤＰＥ与低密度聚乙烯（ＬＤＰＥ）共混物薄膜的物理性能和光学性能,并与传统的ＬＬＤＰＥ薄膜和ＬＬＤＰＥ／ＬＤＰＥ共混物薄膜进行了比较,表明ｍＬＬＤＰＥ薄膜和ｍＬＬＤＰＥ／ＬＤＰＥ共混物薄膜的性能优于传统的ＬＬＤＰＥ薄膜和ＬＬＤＰ／ＬＤＰＥ共混物薄膜,指出在ｍＬＬＤＰＥ中混合１０％ＬＤＰＥ,对薄膜性能影响不大。     

吹膜级PBS/PLA复合材料的制备与性能研究

利用熔融共混法制备了综合性能优良的吹膜级聚丁二酸丁二酯/聚乳酸(PBS/PLA)复合材料,并通过万能试验机、差示扫描量热分析仪、热重分析仪、透气透湿分析仪分别测试了PBS/PLA复合材料及其薄膜的力学性能、热性能、阻隔性能。结果表明,制备的PBS/PLA复合材料较纯PBS树脂具有更好的刚性,且所吹塑的薄膜与包装用低密度聚乙烯膜各项性能相当。     

扩链改性对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯挤出吹膜成型的影响

通过添加多官能团环氧扩链剂对聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)进行扩链改性,然后用改性PET进行吹膜成型,研究了扩链剂含量对PET特性黏度、膜泡稳定性及薄膜力学性能和透明度的影响。结果表明,扩链剂的添加显著提升了PET的特性黏度;随着扩链剂含量的增加,薄膜膜泡稳定性以及表面质量、最大吹胀比、拉伸强度得到显著改善,断裂伸长率呈先增大后减小的趋势。当扩链剂质量分数为0.7%时,PET的特性黏度由纯PET的0.71 d L/g上升至0.94 d L/g,最大吹胀比则由1.9提高至4.5,横纵向拉伸强度分别为61.7 MPa和64.4 MPa,横纵向断裂伸长率达到最高,分别为12%和12.45%,较扩链剂质量分数为0.2%时提高了105.5%以及125.1%,而透光率仅下降1.4%,得到了性能较优的吹塑薄膜制品。     

后处理对PVA吹塑薄膜性能的影响

以增湿法制备了PVA吹塑薄膜，研究了含水率对薄膜力学性能及光学性能的影响。结果表明，随着PVA吹塑薄膜含水率的增加，其拉伸强度下降，但断裂伸长率增加。适当的含水率可以减小薄膜的雾度。通过热处理工艺可以提高薄膜的结晶度和力学性能，80℃以上长时间热处理可以延长薄膜的水溶时间。     

Blown film extrusion of poly(lactic acid) without melt strength enhancers

Processing strategies were developed to manufacture poly(lactic acid) (PLA) blown films without melt strength enhancers (MSEs). The effects of processing temperature on PLA's melt properties (shear and elongational viscosities), PLA grades, and other processing conditions [ratio of take‐up roller to extruder's rotational screw speeds or processing speed ratio (PSR) and internal air pressures] on film's blow‐up ratio were examined. Experimental results indicate that extrusion‐blown amorphous and semicrystalline PLA films can be successfully manufactured without MSEs by controlling melt rheology through processing temperature and other extrusion processing conditions. PLA processed at lower extrusion temperature had higher melt viscosities, which favored the formation of stable films depending on the PSR and internal air pressure used. Inappropriate control of PSR and internal air pressure led to unstable films with various processing defects such as melt sag, bubble dancing, or draw resonance, irrespective of the lower extrusion processing temperature. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45212.     

基于拉伸流变挤出的马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯性能

使用新型的拉伸流变挤出机制备聚丙烯马来酸酐接枝物(PP-g-MAH)。相比于传统双螺杆挤出,基于拉伸流变挤出的PP-g-MAH具有较稳定的单体接枝率(相对接枝率在6%~7%),受设备参数影响较小,单体残留率较低。拉伸流场对聚丙烯(PP)分子链降解程度较低,分别测定了拉伸流场和剪切流场下,不同转速对PP-g-MAH的接枝率/熔体流动速率(G/M)比值的影响,发现前者的产物的G/M比值随转速增加而增加,表明拉伸流场对PP分子链降解程度较低。在PP-g-MAH相对接枝率均为6%的条件下,利用拉伸流变挤出制备的PP-g-MAH的拉伸强度比双螺杆挤出产物高25%。分别和PP以不同比例共混,前者挤出的PP共混物的冲击强度比双螺杆挤出的高11%~35%。     

Structure–Property–Process Relationship for Blown Films of Bimodal HDPE and Its LLDPE Blend

Blown films of bimodal‐high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) (BPE) and its blend containing 40 wt% of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) are prepared in various neck‐heights (NHs). The crystal structures of both films are investigated in detail using small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction techniques. The results show that the blending of LLDPE notably modifies the crystal structure of BPE, including crystal density (ρ_c), crystallite size of the 110 plane (〈L₁₁₀〉), thickness of the lamellar crystal (L_c), and grain widths of the lamellae. The relationships between NH, crystal structure, and the resistance of dart‐drop impact (DDI) are investigated for both BPE and BPE/LLDPE films. The results indicate that the reorientation of lamellae might be a primary factor responsible for the DDI property. However, large values of ρ_c, L_c, and 〈L₁₁₀〉 are required for the film to achieve high DDI.     

微纳层叠挤出技术的研究进展

综述了近年来微纳层叠挤出技术及其制品性能,重点介绍了国内外微纳层叠挤出技术发展历程及微纳层叠挤出制品在力学性能、光学性能、阻透性能、导电性能等方面的研究进展,为今后微纳层叠挤出技术的研究以及开发新型功能复合材料提供依据。     

Extrusion Processing and Properties of Protein‐Based Thermoplastics

Increasing interest in competitive, sustainable, and biodegradable alternatives to petroleum‐based plastics has encouraged the developmentof protein‐based plastics. The formation of a homogeneous protein melt during extrusion occurs through: denaturation, dissociation, unraveling, and alignment of polymer chains. The presence of covalent cross‐links is unfavorable, decreasing chain mobility, increasing viscosity and preventing homogenization. Proteins have high softening temperatures, often above their decomposition temperatures. To avoid degradation, the required chain mobility is achieved by plasticizers. By understanding a protein's physiochemical nature, additives can be selected that lead to a bioplastic with good processability. The final structural and functional properties are highly dependent on the protein and processing conditions.

     

聚乙烯醇改性及吹膜技术研究

研究了聚乙烯醇（PVA）改性及吹膜技术。经改性剂改性前后的IR分析结果表明，改性剂与PVA分子间发生了强烈的相互作用，并形成了较强的分子复合键。改性PVA塑化温度的研究表明，醇解度为88％的PVA，随相对分子质量的增加塑化温度升高。醇解度升高时，PVA塑化性能下降；改性剂用量增加，塑化温度下降。吹膜工艺研究表明，成膜助剂的加入能明显改善改性PVA的加工流动性，PVA膜对冷却效果要求较高，吹膜后的热定型处理能降低其吸湿性，延长水溶时间。     

振动塑化挤出对聚烯烃片材性能的影响

利用塑料电磁塑化挤出机挤出聚烯烃片材，系统研究了挤出机螺杆轴向振动对聚乙烯挤出制品结构与性能的影响。采用DSC对挤出试样的结晶结构及形态进行分析。结果表明，振动塑化挤出使聚合物挤出试样结晶度提高，结晶完善，晶片之间的连接分子数量增加，因而制品的力学性能有所提高，特别在横向上表现明显。在适当的振动条件下，高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）试样的横向拉伸强度和冲击强度分别从22．68MPa和12．7kJ／m^2提高到了25．55MPa和23．5kJ／m^2；而聚丙烯（PP）试样横向拉伸强度和冲击强度则分别提高了20％和64％。