共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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Muoki PN de Kock HL Emmambux MN 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2012,92(8):1771-1779
BACKGROUND: The nutritional quality of cassava complementary porridge was improved through extrusion cooking and compositing with either defatted or full fat soy flour (65:35 w/w), and product acceptability by mothers with children of the target population was evaluated. RESULTS: The protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of extrusion‐ and conventionally cooked composite porridges was within the recommendations for complementary foods. The kinetics of starch digestibility showed that all porridges had a rapid rate of starch digestibility, but the rate was lower when defatted soy flour was added and lowest when full fat soy flour was added. The formation of amylase‐lipid complexes as shown by X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry can be attributed to the lower digestibility of extrusion‐cooked porridge with full fat soy flour. If fed thrice per day, extrusion‐cooked porridge with defatted or full fat soy flour would meet the energy, protein and available lysine requirements of a child aged 6–8 months receiving low or average nutrients from breast milk. All porridges were well received by Mozambican mothers who use cassava as a staple food. The mean scores for sensory liking of all porridges were 3 and above on a five‐point hedonic scale. CONCLUSION: Extrusion‐cooked cassava/soy flour porridges have good potential for use as high‐energy/high‐protein complementary foods and have acceptable sensory properties. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Theobald CE Mosha Maurice R Bennink 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2005,85(9):1513-1522
This study was conducted to evaluate protein quality, acceptability and storage stability of processed cereal–bean–sardine composite foods for pre‐school age children in Tanzania. Four composite products namely corn–bean–sardine meal (CBSM), bean meal (BM), sorghum–bean–sardine meal (SBSM) and rice–bean–sardine meal (RBSM) were formulated to maximize the amino acid score for pre‐school age children and were processed by extrusion, drum‐processing and conventional cooking. The products were evaluated for true protein digestibility (TPD) and protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS). The TPD and PDCAAS were highest in the extruded products. The TPD values for the products ranged from 82 to 93%. The PDCAAS values for the composite foods were 64–86% and were greater than the minimum value of 60% recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU. There were no significant (p > 0.05) variations in the amino acid contents for foods processed by extrusion, drum‐processing or conventional cooking. Threonine was most limiting in the CBSM, SBSM and RBSM while methionine + cysteine were most limiting in the BM. Sensory evaluation showed that, relative to the traditional cornmeal—Uji, the extruded CBSM and SBSM had significantly superior (p ≤ 0.05) texture and highly acceptable color and taste. Storage of the products up to 16 weeks at 38 °C resulted in a small but significant increase (p ≤ 0.05) in the malondialdehyde concentrations; nevertheless, the levels remained within the acceptable range found in processed commercial supplements. Total acids, pH and organoleptic attributes did not change significantly (p > 0.05) during storage and the foods were acceptable to the end of the storage period. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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《Food Science & Nutrition》2017,5(4):896-903
A study to determine the protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score and protein efficiency ratio of nine different cooked Canadian pulse classes was conducted in support of the establishment of protein quality claims in Canada and the United States. Split green and yellow pea, whole green lentil, split red lentil, Kabuli chickpea, navy bean, pinto bean, light red kidney bean, and black bean were investigated. Protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS ) and the protein efficiency ratio (PER ) were determined using the appropriate rodent models. All pulses had high digestibility values, >70%, with PDCAAS values greater than 0.5, thereby qualifying as a quality protein in the United States, but only navy beans qualified as a good source of protein. All pulses except whole green lentils, split red lentils, and split green peas would qualify as sources of protein with protein ratings between 20 and 30.4 in Canada. These findings support the use of pulses as protein sources in the regulatory context of both the United States and Canada. 相似文献
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Matthew G. Nosworthy Gerardo Medina Adam J. Franczyk Jason Neufeld Paulyn Appah Alphonsus Utioh Peter Frohlich Bunyamin Tar'an James D. House 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(6):2950-2958
Chickpea is a widely produced pulse crop, but requires processing prior to human consumption. Protein bioavailability and amino acid quantity of chickpea flour can be altered by multiple factors including processing method. For this reason, the protein quality of processed chickpea flour was determined using in vivo and in vitro analyses for processed chickpeas. Processing differentially affected the protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) of chickpeas with extruded chickpea (83.8) having a higher PDCAAS score than both cooked (75.2) and baked (80.03). Interestingly, the digestible indispensable amino acid score (DIAAS) value of baked chickpea (0.84) was higher compared to both extruded (0.82) and cooked (0.78). The protein efficiency ratio, another measure of protein quality, was significantly higher for extruded chickpea than baked chickpea (p < .01). In vivo and in vitro analysis of protein quality were well correlated (R2 = .9339). These results demonstrated that under certain circumstances in vitro methods could replace the use of animals to determine protein quality. 相似文献
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通过测定氨基酸组成、体内外蛋白质消化率及经蛋白质消化率校正的氨基酸评分（protein digestibilitycorrectedamino acid scores,PDCAAS）等指标,评价热处理前后中华鳖腿肉蛋白质的营养价值。结果表明：中华鳖腿肉热处理前后必需氨基酸含量分别为36.84%、34.55%（以干质量计）,占氨基酸总量的41.12%、40.20%,其构成符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织推荐的理想模式。热处理前,测得中华鳖腿肉蛋白质体外消化率为83.68%,体内消化率为95.05%;热处理后,测得其体外消化率为87.04%,体内消化率为96.18%,热处理后消化率显著提高（P＜0.05）。结合氨基酸评分及真实消化率,计算得到热处理前其PDCAAS为100%,由于蒸煮过程营养物质的流失,测得热处理后Trp氨基酸评分最低为80,热处理后其PDCAAS为76.94%。 相似文献
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Ada Keila Milán-Noris Julián De la Rosa-Millan Sergio Othón Serna-Saldivar 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2019,54(6):2288-2299
The aims of this investigation were to evaluate physicochemical, functional, pasting, and thermal properties, as well as the starch and protein digestibilities of whole flours obtained from ten chickpea cultivars differing in seed coat colour (black, brown, green, red and cream). The coloured chickpeas flours contained higher amounts of bioactive compounds as total phenolics (TPC, 241.25–444.41 μg gallic acid equivalents per g), β-glucans (1.02–2.42 g/100 g), resistant starch (22.68–37.52% of total starch) and higher protein digestibility corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS, 0.61–0.82) compared with the cream-coloured chickpea Blanco Sinaloa (C.BS). The principal component analysis showed several differences among the chemical compositions, starch digestions and seed protein qualities; in the same sense we found a correlation between TPC and starch content with their thermal properties and starch digestion. Subsequently, pigmented chickpea cultivars have potential as functional ingredients for food product development. 相似文献
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Theobald CE Mosha Maurice R Bennink 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2004,84(10):1111-1118
Acute, severe undernutrition during childhood remains a common health problem in many parts of the world and makes a significant contribution to childhood mortality. This study was conducted to evaluate the protein quality and growth/rehabilitation potential of supplementary foods developed from locally produced materials in Tanzania. Six diets, namely rice meal (RM), bean meal (BM), rice–bean meal (RBM), rice–bean–sardines meal (RBSM), corn–bean–sardines meal (CBSM) and corn–bean meal (CBM), were formulated to maximise the amino acid score as recommended by FAO/WHO/UNU for preschool children. Biological qualities of the diets, including apparent and true protein digestibility, net protein retention ratio, food efficiency ratio, protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid score and rehabilitation potential, were evaluated using Sprague Dawley weanling rats. Net protein retention ratio varied significantly (p < 0.05) among control diet (0.93), RBSM (0.92), CBSM (0.86), RM (0.66), RBM (0.44), CBM (0.28), BM (0.12) and corn meal (CM) diet (?0.40). True protein digestibility ranged between 82 and 99%, with BM showing the lowest digestibility. The protein digestibility‐corrected amino acid scores were 100% (control diet), 77% (CBSM), 89% (RBSM), 58% (RM), 90% (RBM), 47% (CBM), 85% (BM) and 48% (CM). Two test diets, CBSM and RBSM, showed the greatest potential to support growth and rehabilitation of undernourished rats, while CBM, RBM, BM and CM did not display acceptable growth. These results suggest that cereal–bean–sardine composites are of high quality and have potential for use as supplementary/rehabilitation foods for preschool‐ and school‐age children as well as adults. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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选用5头健康、体重35 kg左右,在回肠末端安装简单“T”型瘘管的杂交阉公猪(杜×长×大),采用有重复5×5拉丁方设计,测定经不同方法处理的4种芝麻粕(发酵芝麻粕+赖氨酸(FSML),酶解芝麻粕(ESM),发酵芝麻粕(FSM)和普通芝麻粕(SM))饲喂生长猪的消化能、代谢能,粗蛋白表观消化率及真消化率、磷消化率和氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率及真消化率.结果表明:不同处理方法显著影响芝麻粕能量、磷和粗蛋白的利用率,并且改善了部分氨基酸回肠末端表观消化率及真消化率.FSM和FSML的粗蛋白表观消化率、粗蛋白真消化率和磷消化率均显著高于SM和ESM (P ＜0.05).相对于ESM,FSM和FSML的消化能均提高了6.29％,代谢能均提高了7.85％ (P ＜0.05).FSML的苏氨酸、苯丙氨酸、赖氨酸和丝氨酸的回肠末端表观消化率相对于SM分别提高了4.42个百分点、9.30个百分点、7.28个百分点和4.12个百分点(P＜0.05);FSM和FSML的苯丙氨酸回肠末端表观消化率与真消化率均显著高于SM和ESM (P ＜0.05);但SM的丙氨酸回肠末端表观消化率较FSM提高了3.74个百分点(P＜0.05).FSM的脯氨酸回肠末端真消化率相对于ESM和SM分别提高了9.06个百分点和9.86个百分点(P＜0.05).结果显示,芝麻粕发酵后可以提高芝麻粕能量、粗蛋白、磷和部分氨基酸的利用率. 相似文献
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Feliciano P Bejosano Harold Corke 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1998,76(1):100-106
Based on the amino acid composition, Amaranthus seed protein is known to be of higher quality than most of the major cereal grains. However, protein quality does not solely depend on amino acid profile but also on its digestibility. In this study we determined amino acid composition and in vitro protein digestibility of wholemeal and isoelectric protein concentrates (IPC) from five Amaranthus genotypes. Factors most likely to influence protein digestibility such as heating and presence of antinutrients were studied. Heating increased protein digestibility in wholemeals but slightly decreased it in IPCs. Trypsin inhibitor level was negatively but weakly correlated to protein digestibility, and the level of polyphenolic compounds was negatively and significantly correlated to protein digestibility. A slight deficiency in leucine was noted for wholemeals and in lysine for IPCs. However, based on both in vitro digestibility and amino acid profile, Amaranthus proteins were confirmed to be of better quality than those of other cereals. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
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Kerry A
C James Christine A Butts John P Koolaard Helen E Donaldson Margaret F Scott Paul J Moughan 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2002,82(10):1128-1135
The aim of the study was to determine whether food dry matter intake had an effect on endogenous ileal amino acid flows in the rat when the flows were expressed in units of mg g?1 dry matter. Eighty 200 g body weight rats were trained for 7 days to consume a casein‐based diet over a daily 3 h feeding period, and then an enzyme‐hydrolysed casein (MW < 5000 Da)‐based diet, with chromic oxide as an indigestible marker, was fed for a further 8 days. The mean ratio of food intake to metabolic body weight over all 80 rats was determined on days 11 and 12. On day 15, food was offered to groups of 10 rats at each of eight intake levels. The intake levels were calculated from the mean food intake value and individual metabolic body weights and scaled in increments of 0.1 by factors ranging from 0.3 to 1.0. Digesta were collected from the terminal ileum 3 h after the start of the meal, and endogenous ileal amino acid flows were determined after amino acid and Cr analyses of the diet and endogenous ileal digesta fractions prepared by centrifugation and ultrafiltration (10 000 Da molecular weight cut‐off). The linear regression relationships between ileal amino acid flows, expressed as mg g?1 dry matter, and dry matter intakes demonstrated that all slopes were negative but that the slopes for nine of these amino acids were not significantly different from zero (P > 0.05). There were significant slopes (P < 0.05) for the other eight amino acids, although the magnitudes of the effect were small. When the data were re‐examined after removing the lowest feeding level, the slopes for most of these amino acids were no longer statistically significant. The results showed that the measures of amino acid flow (mg g?1 dry matter), except for isoleucine and cystine, over a wide range of food intakes were not materially affected by food intake. From the perspective of bioassay logistics the results indicate that expressing ileal amino acid flows proportional to dry matter intake is justified over the range of intakes found in practice for determining true ileal amino acid digestibility by the enzyme‐hydrolysed casein method. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Hind Mokrane Houria Amoura Naima Belhaneche-Bensemra Christophe M. Courtin Jan A. Delcour Boubekeur Nadjemi 《Food chemistry》2010
To assess the protein quality and the nutritive value of seven Algerian local sorghum cultivars, the in vitro pepsin digestibility was determined, which ranged from 25.0% to 65.0%, and the amino acid composition of each cultivar was compared with other sorghum cultivars. In addition, the amino acid scores (AAS) and the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid scores (PDCAAS) were calculated. Relative to the WHO protein standard, most of the sorghum cultivars tested, scored very high AAS, with values ranging between 0.9 and 2.6 except for lysine, methionine and cysteine. The PDCAAS were high for Ain Salah cultivars AS1 and AS3, however, all other cultivars showed low values except for leucine. This study confirmed that in terms of both quantity and quality, sorghum proteins could serve as a source of essential amino acids and as a potential source of proteins in the future. 相似文献
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用精确饲喂技术评价了 3个品种的中国双低油菜和 1个加拿大卡诺拉的脱脂种籽和商品饼粕的能量和氨基酸的有效性。结果表明 ,4个脱脂种籽的氮校正真代谢能和氨基酸真消化率没有差异 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;而 4个商品饼粕的脱脂样品的氮校正真代谢能和氨基酸真消化率有极显著或显著差异。研究结果证实 ,不适当的加工方式不仅降低了氨基酸的有效性 ,而且影响家禽对能量的利用效率。 相似文献
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本文目的在于探究8种乳酸菌发酵荔枝汁-大豆蛋白的氨基酸代谢差异,分析不同乳酸菌的氨基酸代谢特征。本研究以荔枝汁-大豆蛋白为培养基,选择8种乳酸菌在37 ℃温度下培养18 h,测定发酵前后乳酸菌发酵液活菌数及氨基酸含量。结果表明,发酵前后共检测到17种氨基酸,发酵后氨基酸总量从582.79 mg/100 g下降至427.97 mg/100 g。不同乳酸菌发酵后的氨基酸总量差异明显,副干酪乳杆菌FJAT-13741(365.95 mg/100 g)<嗜热链球菌FJAT-43774(369.36 mg/100 g)<发酵乳杆菌FJAT-13771(411.03 mg/100 g)<植物乳杆菌FJAT-13737(417.54 mg/100 g)<短乳杆菌FJAT-43776(438.14 mg/100 g)<鼠李糖乳杆菌FJAT-13807(462.38 mg/100 g)<嗜酸乳杆菌FJAT-13772(477.65 mg/100 g)<德氏乳杆菌FJAT-43773(481.52 mg/100 g)。聚类分析结果显示,8种乳酸菌的氨基酸代谢特征分为3组,高含量组含1种氨基酸、中含量组含5种氨基酸、低含量组含11种氨基酸;根据氨基酸含量,8种乳酸菌可分为三类,高含量组含3种乳酸菌,中含量组含3种乳酸菌,低含量组含2种乳酸菌。进一步构建了乳酸菌的氨基酸代谢特征指数(AAMCI),表示功能性氨基酸占氨基酸总量的比值,其中比值最高的为德氏乳杆菌FJAT-43773(54.32%),最低的为嗜热链球菌FJAT-43774(47.82%)。研究结果将为荔枝乳酸菌饮品研制菌株的筛选提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Nutritional Value of Veal Bone Hydrolysate 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
MICHEL LINDER P. ROZAN R. LAMGHARI EL KOSSORI J. FANNI C. VILLAUME L. MEJEAN M. PARMENTIER 《Journal of food science》1997,62(1):183-189
Industrial veal hydrolysate was produced enzymatically for possible use as a gelatin-replacing ingredient for human consumption. Protein digestibility and nutritional value were determined in vitro and in vivo. Net protein ratio (= 2.65) and true digestibility (= 80.3) were compared with gelatin and caseinate. Protein digestibility was determined by pH-stat method and cell dialysis. Amino acid composition including 4-hydroxyproline, allowed determination of connective tissue, amino acid score and protein digestibility corrected amino acid score. High correlation was found between true digestibility and pH-stat method (R2= 0.99). Meaty flavor and gelling properties of veal hydrolysate could make it useful for high-quality soups, sauces and gravies. 相似文献
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John R. N. Taylor 《Journal of the Institute of Brewing》2011,117(3):422-426
In sorghum brewing, obtaining sufficient Free Amino Nitrogen (FAN) for rapid and complete fermentation remains a problem due to the high proportions of unmalted sorghum used and the poor digestibility of wet‐heat treated sorghum protein. Sorghum mutant lines with high protein digestibility have been developed through breeding. These high protein digestibility sorghums (HPDS) have protein bodies with villi‐like borders that apparently facilitate protease access. This work investigated FAN production from HPDS when malted and mashed, to assess their potential for use in sorghum brewing to improve wort FAN levels. When malted, HPDS contained substantially higher levels of FAN than normal protein digestibility sorghums (NPDS), 32 mg/100 g malt more. However, when the HPDS were mashed either as malt, or as grain or malt plus exogenous proteases, FAN production during mashing was not substantially higher than with NPDS subjected to the same treatments, only 6, 6–18 and 9–13 mg/100 g grain or malt, respectively. This is probably due to wet‐heat induced cross‐linking of the kafirin proteins reducing their susceptibility to proteolysis. Notwithstanding this, HPDS could be very useful for improving FAN levels in sorghum brewing if they are malted. 相似文献
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日粮纤维水平对鹅内源氨基酸排泄量和氨基酸真消化率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
30只42日龄鹅为试验动物,以砻糠和玉米秸秆为主要纤维源,在日粮等能量等蛋白的前提下,采用同位素示踪技术,研究了不同日粮粗纤维水平（3％、5％、7％、9％和11％）对鹅内源氨基酸排泄量和氨基酸真消化率的影响。结果表明,内源氨基酸排泄量指标,CF11组（最高）比CF3组（最低）升高了92．13％（P〈0．01）;氨基酸真消化率指标,CF11组（最低）比CF5组（最高）降低了39．88％（P〈0．01）;粗纤维水平在3％。7％范围内随粗纤维水平增加,鹅内源氨基酸排泄量有升高的趋势,但差异不显著（P〉0．05）,氨基酸真消化率较高且较稳定（P〉0．05）;粗纤维在7％-11％范围内随着粗纤维水平的增加,内源氨基酸排泄量极显著升高（P〈0．01）,氨基酸真消化率极显著降低（P〈0．01）。 相似文献