热参数泵吸附床层中非稳态传热的研究

对热参数泵吸附分离床层中的非稳态传热问题进行了理论分析及实验测定,求出了实验范围内的有效导热系数,并给出了从传热角度计算热参数泵吸附分离过程的循环周期时间的关系式.用导出的模型及求出的参数计算出来的温度分布与实测值符合良好.     

H103大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦参碱与氧化苦参碱的研究

通过对比苦参总碱在九种大孔树脂上的静态吸附,筛选出对苦参总碱吸附能力较强的H103树脂;研究了H103树脂对上述两种生物碱的吸附等温曲线及吸附动力学行为;考察了苦参总碱在H103树脂上的动态吸脱附过程,用薄层色谱法(TLC)对洗脱液跟踪分析,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测苦参碱、氧化苦参碱含量,确定了动态吸脱附的过程参数。结果表明,H103树脂对苦参总碱的等温吸附可采用Freundlich方程描述;由吸附动力学曲线得H103树脂在100 min内达到平衡,具有较快吸附速度,吸附动力学规律可用二级速率方程表示;动态吸脱附过程的洗脱条件为：用30%乙醇-25%氨水（115:1,v/v）,80%乙醇梯度洗脱,氧化苦参碱先被洗脱,苦参碱随后,两种生物碱可达到很好的分离,经计算苦参碱收率为90.1%,氧化苦参碱收率为85.3%。     

离子改性Y分子筛吸附分离1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷/1,1-二氟-2-氯乙烯

用CaCl₂、La（NO₃）₃和Ce（NO₃） ₃溶液对NaY分子筛进行离子改性制备出CaY、LaY和CeY分子筛。将其及NaY为吸附剂,利用动态吸附法评价其吸附分离1,1,1,2-四氟乙烷（HFC-134a）产品中微量1,1-二氟-2-氯乙烯（HCFC-1122）的性能。同时采用X射线衍射（XRD）、吡啶红外（FTIR）和氨-程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）等手段对新鲜及再生后的吸附剂进行结构和表面性质表征。结果表明：CaY、LaY与CeY分子筛上的Brønsted酸中心可与HCFC-1122形成p-吸附配合物,从而将吸附流出气中HCFC-1122的残余率降低至1.0%以下;Brønsted酸强度越高,p-吸附配合物越容易形成,最低吸附温度越低（CeY     

新型复合吸附剂的制备及其对雌酚酮的选择性分离

以雌酚酮为模板剂 ,以丙烯酰胺和对乙烯基苯甲酸为单体合成出用于分离雌酚酮的新型复合吸附剂。对制备该吸附剂的最佳工艺条件进行了筛选。实验结果表明 :该吸附剂具有三维网状结构 ;对雌酚酮的最大静态吸附容量为 14 .6mg/ g ;最大比表面积为 2 6 4m2 /g ;最大孔径分布为 12nm左右 ;达到吸附平衡的时间为 8h ;符合Langmiur等温吸附规律。因此对雌酚酮具有较好的记忆选择性能、较高的吸附容量和吸附速率 ,适合用于雌酚酮的选择性分离     

Removal of CO from process gas with Sn–activated carbon in pressure swing adsorption

A pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system using activated carbon impregnated with SnCl ₂·2H ₂ O and pure activated carbon was used to remove CO from a model H ₂/CO mixture representing the steam reformer process gas. On comparing PSA results for both carbons, the CO adsorptive capacity of impregnated carbon was found to be superior to that of the pure carbon. This was confirmed by the fact that the concentration of CO, initially at 1000 ppm, was successfully reduced to 4.02% and 1.04% of its initial concentration by the pure and the impregnated activated carbons respectively in the PSA system. The species in the impregnated carbon responsible for the improved gas phase CO adsorption was found to be SnO ₂. Simulation results at a cyclic time of 600 s in the PSA operating at 10 atmospheres gave a product recovery and purity of 99.99% and 57.48%, respectively. At 6 atmospheres, the product recovery and purity were 92.17% and 77.12%, respectively. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry     

Comparative studies on parametric sensitivity analyses using conventional and factorial design methodologies: mathematical modelling of clavulanic acid adsorption on zeolites

BACKGROUND: The main objective of this work was to evaluate the parametric sensitivity of model parameters of clavulanic acid (CA) adsorption in a stirred‐tank reactor using zeolites. The system sensitivity was evaluated in terms of mass transfer and hydrodynamic parameters using two methodologies. First, the sensitivity factors of input variables were evaluated according to a disturbance of ± 20% in the nominal parameter values; second, the factorial design methodology was employed. In both cases, the responses were obtained by means of model simulations. RESULTS: From the sensitivity analysis by experimental design, the best operational conditions for adsorption of CA on zeolites were solid to liquid percentage 7.0%, initial CA concentration 300 mg L^?1 and particle diameter 0.100 mm, which led to a reduction of 25 min in the adsorption time and 9% in the adsorption capacity, increasing the process productivity. CONCLUSION: The use of the factorial design had advantages compared with the conventional method because it provided information regarding the possibility of simultaneous changes in the factors investigated, enabling analyses of system sensitivity regarding operational parameters, as well as the choice of more suitable parameters. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry     

H103大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦参碱与氧化苦参碱

通过对比苦参总碱在9种大孔树脂上的静态吸附,筛选出对苦参总碱吸附能力较强的H103树脂;研究了H103树脂对上述两种生物碱的吸附等温曲线及吸附动力学行为;考察了苦参总碱在H103树脂上的动态吸脱附过程,用薄层色谱法(TLC)对洗脱液跟踪分析,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)检测苦参碱、氧化苦参碱含量,确定了动态吸脱附的过程参数。结果表明,H103树脂对苦参总碱的等温吸附可采用Freundlich方程描述;由吸附动力学曲线得H103树脂在100 min内达到平衡,具有较快吸附速度,吸附动力学规律可用二级速率方程表示;动态吸脱附过程的洗脱条件为:用体积分数30%乙醇-体积分数25%氨水(体积比115∶1),体积分数80%乙醇梯度洗脱,氧化苦参碱先被洗脱,苦参碱随后,两种生物碱可达到很好的分离,经计算苦参碱收率为90.1%,氧化苦参碱收率为85.3%。     

伏安法对聚苯胺溶液中铅的检测与分析

文章利用化学氧化法合成的聚苯胺作为吸附剂,研究了伏安法测定痕量经聚苯胺吸附后溶液中的铅离子。研究发现,在电位-0.51 V能产生铅的灵敏溶出峰,线性范围分别为0.008~0.08μg/L,检出限分别为2.0×10-9 g/L。利用聚苯胺,对初始浓度为1.0×10-3 g/L的标准溶液吸附,Pb2+最大吸附量为0.299 mg/g,吸附率为99.94%。通过采用1.6 mol/L HNO3解吸,得到回收率为97%,富集倍数为10倍。可用于水中痕量铅的富集与测定,结果满意。     

吸附工艺脱除噻吩类有机硫的研究进展

概述了吸附法脱除噻吩类有机硫工艺的研究进展。详细介绍了分子筛、金属氧化物、活性炭及其他吸附剂。探讨了吸附脱硫在油品精制和焦化苯处理中的应用和发展。今后研究的主要方向将定位于吸附工艺的设计优化和高效吸附剂的研发。     

Development of helical coil based fluidic diode pump for liquid pumping

The main selection criterion for pumps in reprocessing applications is the absence of any moving parts or the moving parts not having any direct contact with the process fluid. There are different types of fluidic pumps such as vortex diode, reverse flow diode, etc. In this work, a new design of helical coil fluidic pump has been developed and demonstrated. Helical coils are widely used in process industries as heat exchangers, reactors, motionless mixers, etc. It is for the first time that the authors are proposing the use of helical coil as a fluidic pump based on its inherent property of high pressure drop as compared to a straight tube. The main objective of this work is to develop an alternate pumping system for reprocessing applications to replace the conventional air lift pump. The helical coil based fluidic diode pump was made up of SS 304 seamless pipe (pipe inner diameter is 9.5 mm) with a 36 mm diameter of helical coil and pitch of 14 mm. In this work, friction factor for the given helical coil was measured from pressure drop experiments. This information was also useful for understanding the transition of the laminar to turbulent region. In order to propose the operating region, the pumping capacity was measured for the helical coil based fluidic pump at different operating conditions. Experimental results show that the proposed hardware is able to pump up to 54 dm³/h. Recommendations have been made for proposing an optimum design.     

An online change detection test for parametric discrete-time stochastic processes

Detecting a change as fast as possible in an observed stochastic process is an important task. In this article, an online procedure is presented to detect changes in the parameter of general discrete-time parametric stochastic processes. As examples, regression models, autoregressive processes, and Galton–Watson processes are investigated. The test is called cumulative sum (CUSUM) type because it is based on the cumulated sums of the estimates of certain martingale difference sequences belonging to the process. In case of a single change alternative hypothesis, the procedure is examined in terms of consistency. Due to the online manner, the time of change can also be estimated.     

无梁式抽油机塔架的有限元分析

本文利用ANSYS Workbench软件对新研发的8吨无梁式抽油机的塔架进行有限元分析,在满足新型抽油机使用性能要求的前提下,获取性价比较高的塔架设计方案,以降低生产成本和提高经济效益.     

氨基改性苯乙烯树脂的合成及其对铼的吸附

离子交换法因适于低浓度物质的分离富集而被广泛应用于湿法冶金行业,新型高效吸附材料的合成与应用成为该领域的发展趋势。针对铀矿中伴生铼这一稀缺资源需要同步回收的现状,根据新近研发的氨基改性苯乙烯阴离子交换树脂(LSC-Re),通过静态和动态吸附解吸试验,系统考察了溶液酸度、初始浓度、吸附时间、吸附温度等因素对吸附性能的影响,结果表明：在室温(25℃)下,铼溶液初始浓度为100 mg·L^-1,该树脂6 h达到吸附平衡,酸度对该树脂吸附铼的影响不大,树脂在pH=1.5时铀铼分离效果最佳,分离系数可达到41.68;树脂的饱和吸附容量达到129.3 mg·g^-1;从热力学和动力学角度分析,吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学模型,且吸附是自发的吸热过程。动态吸附解吸试验中,控制溶液流速0.5 ml·min^-1,动态饱和吸附容量达到76.17 g·L^-1,饱穿比为2.35,用1 mol·L^-1 氨水进行解吸铼效果较好,8个树脂床体积可将其解吸完全,由此可见富集倍数接近70倍,具有良好的工业应用前景。     

好氧颗粒污泥对钇离子的吸附/解吸性能

为实现稀土尾水中钇离子（Y3+）的回收，探究了好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）对Y3+的吸附-解吸附效果。考察了混合方式、初始Y3+浓度、pH、盐度、铅离子及粒径对AGS吸附效果的影响。相比于搅拌及振荡，曝气混合下AGS具有更好的吸附效果，80%以上的吸附在前10 min完成。当初始Y3+浓度<50 mg/L时，AGS能完全吸附废水中Y3+离子，此后吸附率随着Y3+浓度的增大而减小。H+、Na+和Pb2+会与Y3+竞争AGS上的吸附位点，导致吸附率减小。0.6～1.0 mm的AGS吸附容量最大，2.4～3.0 mm的AGS经人工破碎后吸附容量增大15%。对吸附过程进行动力学和热力学拟合。动力学符合伪二级模型（R2=0.9999），表明化学吸附起主导作用；Webber-Morris方程分析表明颗粒内扩散是影响吸附速率的主要因素。热力学符合Langmuir模型（R2=0.9849），表明吸附过程是一个单分子层吸附过程，拟合得到最大吸附量为Qmax=24.39 mg/gSS。利用XPS对吸附前后AGS进行表征，发现参与吸附官能团有酯基、羧基、氨基，同时与K+进行离子交换，钇在AGS表面的主要化学态是Y2(CO3)3。探究了硝酸及氯化铵对吸附饱和AGS的解吸效果。HNO3的单次解吸附率（99%）明显高于NH4Cl（64%），但五次吸附-解吸附循环后，HNO3组解吸附率降至10%，NH4Cl组解吸附率仍维持在50%。     

混酸法合成ADN的分离纯化工艺研究

二硝酰胺铵（ADN）是一种高能高燃速和不含氯元素的新型氧化剂,混酸法合成ADN时会生成大量的无机盐副产物,采用活性炭吸附的方法可以对ADN进行有效的分离纯化。对活性炭的种类、吸附溶剂的种类、解吸溶剂的种类、吸附浓度、吸附方式进行了研究,并确定了较佳的工艺条件,制备了质量分数达99．5％以上的ADN。     

大孔树脂吸附法吸附分离黄酮的研究

研究了D101、LD601、LS-303B、LX-28、LX-38型大孔树脂对黄酮的吸附及分离性能。结果表明,LD601型大孔树脂对黄酮的吸附效果较好,pH 2～4的盐酸溶液中,静态吸附量为5 849.312μg/g,对流速2 mL/min黄酮溶液的吸附率可达96.27%,负载1 500μg黄酮的LD601树脂,用40%乙醇50 mL以3 mL/min流速进行解吸,解吸率可达97.51%。     

对硝基酚在几种树脂上的吸附性能研究

研究了对硝基酚在四种吸附树脂(AM-1、NDA-88、NDA-99、NDA-150)上的静态吸附行为,结果表明,NDA-88、NDA-99、NDA-150三种吸附树脂对对硝基酚的吸附效果比较好。并研究了NDA-99树脂的动态吸附和脱附行为,结果显示,对硝基酚在NDA-99树脂上的吸附量为3.75 mmol/g。该树脂吸附对硝基酚后,容易脱附。用2mol/L NaOH∶C2H5OH(体积比1∶1)作脱附剂,温度328 K,体积为2.5倍树脂体积时,脱附率93%。     

超声波应用于吸附/脱附过程的研究进展

从热力学和动力学两方面介绍了近年来超声波应用于吸附/脱附过程的研究结果。比较了非超声波/超声波作用下吸附等温线的变化,分析了超声波强度、频率、第三组分的加入等因素对吸附/脱附相平衡影响;以及非超声波/超声波作用下吸附/脱附动力学的变化,并对温度、超声功率、初始浓度和颗粒大小等因素对吸附/脱附速率的影响及其原因进行分析。