无机填料对NMMO法纤维素包装膜性能的影响

利用NMMO技术溶解纤维素,并向纤维素溶液中添加无机填料制备成膜,研究了不同填料种类和添加量对纤维素包装膜力学性能的影响,比较了无机填料用硅烷偶联剂处理前后纤维素包装膜力学性能的变化.结果表明:SiO2、多孔沸石、CaCO3、和TiO2添加量(质量分数)分别为1.5%,1%,0.5% 和0.1%时制备的无机充填纤维素包装膜的力学性能较好;1%硅烷偶联剂处理后的无机充填纤维素包装膜力学性能更好.     

NMMO工艺纤维素膜结构与性能的研究

以纤维素为原料,N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(简写NMMO)为溶剂,采用相转化法制备非对称纤维素膜.利用扫描电子显微镜对NMMO工艺纤维素膜的微观结构进行了观察,分析了不同纤维素浆粕、聚合度、铸膜液浓度、溶解温度及凝固浴温度等工艺参数对成膜结构和性能的影响.     

溶解工艺对离子液体法纤维素膜力学性能的影响

利用1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐([BMIM]Cl)为溶剂制备纤维素膜,探讨了浆粕种类、浆粕质量分数、溶解条件等对纤维素膜力学性能的影响。研究表明:聚合度为1460,质量分数为6%的针叶木浆,在溶胀8h,90℃溶解条件下制得的纤维素膜有较好的力学性能。     

以N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物为溶剂的纤维素氨基甲酸酯纤维的制备及性能

以纤维素氨基甲酸酯(CC)为原料,采用Lyocell工艺,以N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(NMMO)为溶剂,通过干湿法纺丝成功制备了CC纤维,并采用X射线衍射、力学性能测试、热重分析、扫描电子显微镜等方法对所得CC纤维的结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明,CC能够很好地溶解于NMMO溶剂中,所纺制的CC纤维具有纤维素Ⅱ晶型结构;随着喷头拉伸比的提高,纤维力学性能提高;纤维表面光滑、结构致密,具有较好的热稳定性和抗原纤化性能。     

羧甲基纤维素增强膜的制备及性能

目的为了获得一种可用于食品包装的羧甲基纤维素增强膜。方法以羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为成膜基底,甘油为增塑剂,分别将质量分数为1%,3%,5%和10%的纳米纤维素(NCC)添加到CMC中,共混流延制备羧甲基纤维素增强膜(CMC-NCC)。结果 NCC的加入,提高了CMC的力学性能和对水蒸气的阻隔性能,还提高了CMC的热性能。FT-IR分析结果表明,CMC与NCC两者间形成了分子间氢键;XRD分析结果表明,NCC可以改变CMC的结晶排列。当添加质量分数为5%的NCC时,CMC-NCC的拉伸强度比纯CMC膜提高了25.6%,断裂伸长率降低了21.3%,透湿量降低了9%,热稳定性提高了2%,透光率维持在87%以上。结论 CMC增强膜具有力学性能高、阻湿性能好等优点,NCC提高了CMC的成膜品质。     

成膜条件对NMMO工艺纤维素膜拉伸强度的影响

以纤维素为原料,N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物(简写NMMO)为溶剂,采用相转化法制备非对称纤维素膜.对该工艺法成膜的拉伸强度的影响因素进行了研究,以期为提高薄膜性能提供理论基础.实验结果表明:随着溶解纤维素的温度的升高,薄膜拉伸强度降低;随着刮膜时所施加的外力的增大,薄膜的拉伸强度增强;随着凝固浴温度的升高,薄膜的拉伸强度降低;随着塑化剂(甘油)浓度的增加,薄膜拉伸强度降低.     

天然纤维素纤维的溶解及成膜性能研究

采用电晕处理方法来活化棉纤维表面,然后用不同浓度(质量分数,后同)配比的NaOH/尿素和NaOH/硫脲,2种溶剂体系来溶解该纤维,通过对纤维素溶解度和纤维素溶液成膜性能的研究,发现电晕处理是一种很好的表面活性处理方法,其处理功率的大小,对纤维素的溶解度和成膜性能有较大影响.另外,NaOH/硫脲溶剂体系的溶解性能更优,其纤维素溶液成膜性能更好.     

氯化铵改性Lyocell纤维的研究--(Ⅱ)氯化铵对Lyocell纤维结构与性能的影响

在纤维素/NMMO·H2O溶解纺丝体系中,氯化铵改性得到的Lyocell纤维的结晶结构为纤维素Ⅱ和Ⅲ的混合结晶结构;在相同的纺丝条件下,少量氯化铵存在可以明显改善Lyocell纤维的力学性能,对于平均聚合度为818的棉浆纺丝液(纤维素质量分数为9%),加入0.5%的氯化铵(以纺丝液质量为基准)时,得到的Lyocell纤维拉伸强度比未加氯化铵时提高约30%.通过研究氯化铵对最终Lyocell纤维结构与性能的影响,提出了氯化铵改善Lyocell纤维力学性能的机理模型.     

载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜的制备及性能研究

目的制备一种具有良好力学性能和抑菌性能的新型抗菌聚乙烯醇复合膜。方法通过酸水解微晶纤维素制备纳米纤维素,经高碘酸钠氧化获得醛基纳米纤维素,加入银氨溶液原位合成载银纳米纤维素(Ag-DCNC)。以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为成膜基底,加入Ag-DCNC共混流延制备载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜。结果 Ag-DCNC体积分数为3%时,复合膜的拉伸强度比纯PVA膜提高了8.8%。Ag-DCNC体积分数为5%的复合膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均具有较好的抑菌效果。结论载银纳米纤维素/聚乙烯醇复合膜具有较好的力学强度,对2种细菌均有良好的杀菌效果。该材料不但具有良好的性能,而且合成工艺简单,可以作为一种很有前途的抑菌膜用于包装行业。     

HPMC/KGM水溶性包装薄膜的制备及性能研究

目的以魔芋葡苷聚糖(KGM)为基体,加入羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)改性制备水溶性包装薄膜,探索HPMC改性后其力学性能最佳时HPMC的质量分数。方法通过将HPMC,KGM依次加入去离子水中制备共混溶液,再采用流延法制备薄膜,调节HPMC质量分数,测试并分析对薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果随着HPMC质量分数的增加,薄膜的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率呈先增大后减小的趋势,存在最大值;其水溶性基本呈逐渐降低的趋势,水溶性降低的幅度不大,仍能满足水溶性包装的需求;透光度逐渐升高,雾度逐渐降低,有利于应用在包装中。结论 HPMC和KGM质量分数为1%的成膜液,在HPMC质量分数为总量的20%时,薄膜力学性能较好。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from