改进的卤化氰-酚法合成双酚A型氰酸酯

采用"改进的卤化氰-酚法"法,通过加入助催化剂提高"活性氰中间体"的稳定性以实现高纯度、高收率双酚A型氰酸酯单体(BADCy)的合成.用傅立叶红外光谱法(FT-IR)表征了氰酸酯化反应程度、杂质对单体纯度的影响水平以及温度对氰酸酯化反应的影响等,用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和示差扫描量热法(DSC)表征了产物的纯度及反应活性.结果表明,"改进的卤化氰-酚"合成法有效地降低了溴化氰过量率和三乙胺过量率对氰酸酯化程度及杂质水平的影响,反应温度可以提高到0 ℃～10 ℃的范围内,反应时间也随之缩短.得到了高纯度(＞99%)和高收率(＞95%)的BADCy单体.     

不同溶剂中导电聚合物PEDOT的化学氧化聚合及光谱研究

利用3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩单体和对甲苯磺酸铁,分别以异丙醇、四氢呋喃和乙氰为溶剂,用化学氧化法合成了导电聚合物聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）,3种溶剂中的反应速率有较大差异,乙氰中反应速率最快,四氢呋喃中反应速率最慢.三者的聚合产物都具有较高的电导率,但四氢呋喃中合成产物的电导率略高于另外两个产物.红外光谱和拉曼光谱显示,3种溶剂中合成的聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）在化学结构、分子共轭长度、掺杂情况等方面基本相同.     

三聚氯氰在活性单体及聚合物合成中的应用研究进展

本文综述了以三聚氯氰为原料，合成含烯丙基、环氧基等基团的均三嗪活性单体及以三聚氯氰的一取代物为原料合成线性聚氰酸酯和线性蜜胺的研究进展。     

星型聚合物合成方法与应用研究进展

介绍了星型聚合物的合成技术路线以及活性离子聚合法、原子转移自由基聚合法、开环聚合法、自组装法和联结反应法等新型合成方法。阐述了星型聚合物的应用进展。第三代至第七代的聚酰胺-胺星型聚合物在体内的毒性很低;聚乳酸星型聚合物可作为药物释放控制剂;在聚合物共混中作为添加剂,可提高其它聚合物的热稳定性、韧性和染色能力;支链数目为...     

氰酸酯树脂的研究进展

氰酸酯树脂是一种新型高性能树脂。本文评述了氰酸酯树脂的合成、反应特性、机械性能及其它性能。     

原子转移自由基聚合在超支化大分子合成中的应用进展

超支化聚合物是一类具有不同于线性聚合物性质的新型高分子材料,原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)作为一种活性可控聚合方法,在超支化聚合物合成领域发挥着重要的作用。ATRP在Cu(I)催化体系下不仅可以催化AB~*型单体生成超支化聚合物,而且还可以多官能团的大分子为引发剂,生成具有"核-壳"结构的两亲性共聚物或其它特殊结构大分子。文中主要介绍了近年来采用ATRP法合成的不同结构超支化聚合物,并对ATRP在超支化大分子合成中的应用前景进行了展望。     

超支化HPPVs共聚物的Gilch聚合机理研究

在以Gilch路线合成了一系列含烷氧基超支化聚对苯撑乙烯(HPPV)共聚物的基础上,对其聚合反应的过程及机理进行了初步研究。通常,PPV的聚合是按照自由基机理进行,即反应物单体在分子内脱去卤化氢(HX)后形成一种对醌二甲烷单体,再通过自由基链增长达到聚合的目的。通过DFT(B3LYP/6-311G(d))方法对反应单体1,3,5-三氯甲基-2,4,6-三甲氧基苯(TCMTMOB)在分子内脱去HCl后的结构进行了优化,发现此单体同样可以形成稳定的间二醌结构,易于与对醌二甲烷单体共聚生成超支化共聚物,这与实验结果相吻合。     

水性超支化聚氨酯合成方法的研究进展

总结了近十几年来合成水性超支化聚氨酯的主要方法:单单体合成法包括光气法、叠氮化合物法、高选择性化学反应法、Curtius反应法等;双单体合成法包括A2+B3法,A2+bB2法等;超支化聚合物扩链法.最后,对水性超支化聚氨酯的研究发展进行了展望.     

可光固化丙烯酸双酯液晶的合成方法研究

以1,4-苯二甲酸[二(4-羧基苯)]酯为介晶基元合成了一系列丙烯酸双酯液晶化合物,研究了两种合成方法与路线,找到了一种合成方法相对简单、产率较高的合成路线,化合物结构通过FTIR、元素分析、质谱和1H-NMR等方法进行了确证.     

含硅聚酰亚胺及其单体

本文综述了含硅聚酰亚胺单体及其合成路线，同时也阐明了含硅聚酰亚胺聚合反应的特殊性以及聚合物的结构和性能。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.