PMCAP/CDMA协议在语音与数据混合业务中的应用研究

该文将CDMA移动通信系统上行信道中的一种MAC协议PMCAP／CDMA协议应用到语音与数据混合业务的情况，对协议建立数学模型，并对性能进行理论计算和仿真。为了保证对语音请求的优先分配，将PN码集分为语音可用码集，数据可用码集及语音与数据的预防码集。提出了新的动态码集分配方案。仿真表现，该方案较固定码集方案更好地提高了系统的综合性能，而负指数码字分配方案提供了语音与数据性能的很好折衷。     

一种CDMA2000系统的PN码初始捕获算法

文中依据CDMA2000物理层标准,提出了一种针对移动台下行同步的伪噪声（PN）码相位捕获算法。本算法利用部分匹配滤波（PMF）后进行快速傅里叶变换（FFT）实现对PN码相位的可靠捕获,可以应用于有较大的频率偏移和较低的接收信号导频信噪比（Pilot Ec／N0）的环境下。并进一步对算法进行了性能仿真验证,仿真结果证明了本文算法相对传统差分算法有更好的捕获性能。     

利用MapBasic编程实现CDMA网络PN码规划和优化

介绍了PN(pseudo noise,伪随机噪声)码在CDMA网络中的作用,对导频复用距离进行了分析,并阐述了PN码规划和优化的原理。在此基础上利用MapBasic编程语言,开发了CDMA网络PN码规划和优化系统,实现了CDMA网络PN码的自动规划和优化。     

WCDMA系统中同步技术的研究

第三代移动通信系统均采用了CDMA技术,因此研究CDMA系统中的同步问题具有十分重要的意义。针对移动通信系统中的时变多径信道,根据WCDMA物理层码同步的要求,提出了基于公共导频PN序列的码同步方法,即在码捕获阶段,采用接收数据与己知PN序列相关,通过大于特定门限值的相关峰值选取多径,实现多径分离和粗同步。仿真结果表明,该码同步方法在减小现有算法运算量和复杂度的情况下,具有良好的性能,便于数字实现。     

一种新的语音流队列管理调度机制

本文提出一种新的语音流队列管理调度机制,结合随机早期探测(RED)和主动丢包调度算法实现因特网语音流的队列管理和调度.采用仿真方法分析了新机制的性能特征,并与RED做了性能对比.当网络拥塞时,该算法可有效改善包转发的性能.语音质量测试表明新机制是可行的和有效的.     

多用户检测的串行干扰抵消器算法

CDMA由于其独特的性能成为第三代移动通信中标准多址方式,传统的CDMA信号解调方法是求信号与本用户PN码的相关运算,而此时其它用户的CDMA信号就成为干扰信号.本文提出了一种串行干扰相减式抵消器法,实验表明,这种方法在对功率不相等的多用户进行信号检测时性能优于传统方法.     

利用联合CDMA/TDMA多址协议实现多媒体信息传输

语音、数据和视频(该文限于可视电话、电视会议)等多种形式的信息传输是3G系统具备的重要特性。该文提出的联合CDMA/TDMA协议综合了两种多址方式的优点,采用动态分配码信道和时隙的方式,可以很好地满足不同业务信息的性能需要。文中给出该协议中信道模型以及各业务模型,并对系统的性能进行了分析。     

DS-CDMA系统中PN码定时跟踪算法及其实现

定时跟踪是DS-CDMA系统中rake接收的关键技术,性能的好坏直接影响着扩频系统能否正常接收。本文首先对扩频系统中定时跟踪原理做出分析,然后重点介绍了PN码的“基于能量窗重心的定时跟踪”算法,并选择了这个算法来实现CDMA2000-1X行链路的PN码定时跟踪。最后,经过在典型城市环境下的现场实测,误帧率达到CDMA2000-1X的标准要求。     

DS-CDMA系统中PN码定时跟踪新算法及其实现

定时跟踪是DS-CDMA系统中Rake接收的关键技术,性能的好坏直接影响着扩频系统能否正常接收.文中首先对扩频系统中定时跟踪原理做出分析,然后重点介绍了PN码的"基于能量窗重心的定时跟踪"新算法,并选择了这个算法来实现CDMA2000-1x上行链路的PN码定时跟踪.最后,经过在典型城市环境下的现场实测,误帧率达到CDMA2000-1x的标准要求.     

KM序列用作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的分析

本文提出将KM 序列用作RAKE型CDMA系统的扩频码.基于一个RAKE接收机模型,分析了CDMA系统性能并提出了适于作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的PN序列的特性.接着,分析了KM 序列作RAKE型CDMA系统扩频码的优劣.最后,运用计算机仿真,比较了m序列和KM 序列的互相关特性以及在相干接收机和RAKE接收机下,这两种序列和Gold序列对应的系统平均误码率,从而证实了KM 序列作为扩频码的可行性.     

A Medium Access Control Protocol for Voice/Data Integrated Wireless CDMA Systems

In this paper, a medium access control protocol is proposed for integrated voice and data services in wireless local networks. Uplink channels for the proposed protocol are composed of time slots with multiple spreading codes per slot based on slotted code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The proposed protocol uses spreading code sensing and reservation schemes. This protocol gives higher access priority to delay‐sensitive voice traffic than to data traffic. The voice terminal reserves an available spreading code to transmit multiple voice packets during a talkspurt. On the other hand, the data terminal transmits a packet without making a reservation over one of the available spreading codes that are not used by voice terminals. In this protocol, voice packets do not come into collision with data packets. The numerical results show that this protocol can increase the system capacity for voice service by applying the reservation scheme. The performance for data traffic will decrease in the case of high voice traffic load because of its low access priority. But it shows that the data traffic performance can be increased in proportion to the number of spreading codes.     

Optimal strategies for admitting voice and data traffic in networks of LEO satellites using CDMA

Efficient policies are derived for admitting voice and data traffic into networks of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellites using code-division multiple-access (CDMA) with direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) signaling. The satellites act as bent-pipes; no on-board processing or intersatellite links are present. Dual satellite diversity is used to mitigate the effects of shadowing. The policies assume a movable boundary form, allocate optimally the CDMA capacity (PN codes) to voice and data users, and can increase significantly the number of users served while satisfying their bit error rate (BER) requirements. In contrast to direct admission policies that do not take into consideration the statistical features of the traffic, the new policies do account for the different nature of voice and data traffic and the history of prior transmissions/admissions. Two priority schemes are considered: voice users have higher priority than data users, or voice and data users have the same priority. A modified version of our policies can handle two classes of data users: one with high priority which requires real-time delivery and another with low priority that can be queued; the BER requirements of the two data types may differ. Optimal policies have lower voice blocking rates and data packet error rates than direct admission policies.     

Integrating data traffic into a CDMA cellular voice system

Part one of this paper analyzes the effects of data traffic integration into a CDMA cellular voice system. The figure of merit used for the quality of service seen by the voice users is measured by the probability of blocking. The CDMA system under consideration is a power controlled, cellular architecture in which blocking occurs when the total interference level exceeds the background noise level by 10 dB [1]. It is shown that the introduction of data can be done at little or no increase in the probability of blocking on the voice users. In part two we propose and analyze a protocol which achieves the efficient integration of data by maximizing the utilization of the resources and minimizing the delay experienced by the voice users. The proposed protocol admits data traffic into the CDMA cellular system based on the current aggregate voice interference level, and allows for the efficient integration of voice and data without degrading the quality of service for the delay-critical voice traffic. A Markovian model for this protocol is developed, evaluated and compared to computer simulation results.     

Performance of a joint CDMA/PRMA protocol for mixed voice/datatransmission for third generation mobile communication

A joint code-division multiple-access/packet-reservation multiple-access (CDMA/PRMA) technique is proposed and investigated as a candidate for an uplink protocol for third generation mobile communication systems. Access to the radio channel is controlled such that compared to random access CDMA, interference variance is reduced and throughput increased. Mixed voice/data traffic is investigated for an isolated cell only, whereas voice-only traffic is also investigated in a cellular environment with a regular hexagonal cell structure. Intercell interference is assumed to be Gaussian, and only the average interference level is considered     

Output and delay process analysis for slotted CDMA wirelesscommunication networks with integrated voice/data transmission

This paper presents the output and delay process analysis of integrated voice/data slotted code division multiple access (CDMA) network systems with random access protocol for packet radio communications. The system model consists of a finite number of users, and each user can be a source of both voice traffic and data traffic. The allocation of codes to voice calls is given priority over that to data packets, while an admission control, which restricts the maximum number of codes available to voice sources, is considered for voice traffic so as not to monopolize the resource. Such codes allocated exclusively to voice calls are called voice codes. In addition, the system monitoring can distinguish between silent and talkspurt periods of voice sources, so that users with data packets can use the voice codes for transmission if the voice sources are silent. A discrete-time Markov process is used to model the system operation, and an exact analysis is presented to derive the moment generating functions of the probability distributions for packet departures of both voice and data traffic and for the data packet delay. For some cases with different numbers of voice codes, numerical results display the correlation coefficient of the voice and data packet departures and the coefficient of variation of the data packet delay as well as average performance measures, such as the throughput, the average delay of data packets, and the average blocking probability of voice calls     

An integrated CDMA code assignment model for voice and data traffic in wireless communications

Wireless personal communication requires a provision of integrated services of multimedia traffic, such as voice and data, over the radio link. The multiple access protocols of code-division multiple-access (CDMA) techniques have been widely investigated in the recent literature. This paper presents an innovative multiple access protocol for CDMA-based wireless communication systems by fully utilizing the characteristics of voice and data traffic. In other words, a voice terminal can reserve a spreading code to transmit packets in multiple talk spurts, while a data terminal can transmit packets by either using the unassigned codes or borrowing the codes from the voice terminals during their silent periods. We build mathematical models for voice and data subsystems, respectively. Two performance parameters, the average dropping probability for voice packets and the average transmission delay for data packets, are derived based on the equilibrium point analysis. The effects of the two performance parameters on the system performance are discussed by varying the code reservation intervals of the voice terminals.     

A reservation random-access protocol for voice/data integratedspread-spectrum multiple-access systems

Most code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems described in the literature provide only one single service (voice or data) and employ the strategy of “one-code-for-one-terminal” for code-assignment. This assignment, though simple, fails to efficiently exploit the limited code resource encountered in practical situations. We present a new protocol called reservation-code multiple-access (RCMA), which allows all terminals to share a group of spreading codes on a contention basis and facilitates introducing voice/data integrated services into spread-spectrum systems. The RCMA protocol can be applied to short-range radio networks, and microcell mobile communications, and can be easily extended to wide area networks if the code-reuse technique is employed. In RCMA, a voice terminal can reserve a spreading code to transmit a multipacket talkspurt while a data terminal has to contend for a code for each packet transmission. The voice terminal will drop a long delayed packet while the data terminal just keeps it in the buffer. Therefore, two performance measures used to assess the proposed protocol are the voice packet dropping probability and the data packet average delay. Theoretical performance is derived by means of equilibrium point analysis (EPA) and is examined by extensive computer simulation     

Performance evaluation of a CDMA protocol for voice and dataintegration in personal communication networks

Future wireless personal communication networks (PCN's) will require voice and data service integration on the radio link. The multiaccess capability of the code-division multiple-access (CDMA) technique has been widely investigated in the recent literature. The aim of this paper is to propose a CDMA-based protocol for joint voice and data transmissions in PCN's. The performance of such a protocol has been derived by means of an analytical approach both in terms of voice packet dropping probability and mean data packet delay. Voice traffic has been modeled as having alternated talkspurts and silences, with generation of voice packets at constant rate during talkspurts and no packet generation during silence gaps. A general arrival process is assumed for the data traffic. However, numerical results are derived in the case of a Poisson process. Simulation results are given to validate our analytical predictions. The main result derived here is that the proposed CDMA-based protocol efficiently handles both voice and data traffic. In particular, it is shown that the performance of the voice subsystem is independent of the data traffic     

基于CDMA的综合业务传输系统

本文给出了一种ＣＤＭＡ系统，它通过变化分配给每个用户的码数来提供变速率业务，系统工作多于径衰落信道，对于宏区，微区和微微区的信道模型，还给出了一种不同环境下对ＣＤＭＡ系统误比特率的近似方法，该方法仅依赖地多径能量的一二阶矩，最后，对综合话音，图像业务在不同信号模型下的误比特率性能作了分析。