常温低基质下两种厌氧氨氧化反应器启动特性比较

采用ASBR与生物滤池两种反应器,接种城市污水厂二沉池污泥,以人工配制的低氨氮废水(NH_4~+-N≤30 mg/L、NO_2~--N≤40 mg/L)为进水,维持进水pH值在7. 5～7. 8之间,考察了在常温(20～26℃)、低基质浓度条件下两种反应器的启动特性。结果表明,ASBR反应器在第135天启动成功,生物滤池在第114天启动成功;经过约200 d的运行,ASBR和生物滤池的总氮容积去除负荷分别达到0. 147和0. 570 kgN/(m~3·d)。由此可见,ASBR与生物滤池均可在常温、低基质的条件下成功启动,而生物滤池历时更短,且可通过缩短HRT的方式快速提高总氮容积去除负荷,实现厌氧氨氧化菌的富集,因此生物滤池较ASBR更适合厌氧氨氧化的启动。     

ASBR处理高浓度有机废水数学模型

以模拟试验的数据为依据,考察了进水碱度对ASBR反应器中生化反应速率的影响,用MATLAB数学工具进行数据处理,建立了ASBR反应器处理高浓度有机废水的数学模型,该模型能够较好地模拟ASBR反应器处理高浓度有机废水的厌氧硝化过程。     

磁性颗粒对厌氧氨氧化启动过程的影响

为探究磁性颗粒对厌氧氨氧化启动过程的影响,采用2个ASBR反应器进行实验,其中一个反应器不添加磁性颗粒,另一个反应器添加磁性颗粒,初步探明了磁场对ASBR反应器内氮转移过程的影响机理。通过小试方式对比研究了不同磁性颗粒投加量对于反应周期内氨氮和亚硝态氮去除效能以及脱氢酶活性的影响。结果表明,磁场的存在能够促进厌氧氨氧化启动过程中的优势菌落演替以及厌氧氨氧化菌的富集,有效缩短厌氧氨氧化的启动周期;投加30 g/L磁性颗粒可以有效提升微生物的活性,提高反应速率。     

ASBR反应器中污泥颗粒化的工艺条件

在小试规模的厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)中,采用城市污水厂厌氧消化污泥接种,以蔗糖为基质,在中温[(35±1)℃]条件下经过121d实现了污泥颗粒化。对颗粒化过程和颗粒污泥扫描电镜的观察结果表明,在适宜的操作条件下ASBR反应器能够成功培养出以甲烷八叠球菌为主的颗粒污泥。污泥负荷、搅拌和微量元素对颗粒化过程具有显著影响。     

厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)的研究进展

总结了近年来厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)的研究和应用进展,最后对其前景进行了展望.     

ASBR的启动及颗粒污泥特性研究

简述了厌氧序批操作反应器(ASBR)的工作原理,以葡萄糖为基质,探讨了ASBR反应器启动过程中的变化及颗料污泥的形成特性,结果表明,随着反应器的运行,其对冲击负荷的抵抗能力增强,稳定性提高,COD去除率可达到95%以上;反应器颗粒污泥在201 d时完全形成,平均污泥粒径为0.62 mm,污泥沉降速度为23 m/h。     

无机碳源浓度对厌氧氨氧化的影响研究

通过试验,分析了ASBR反应器中无机碳源浓度对厌氧氨氧化的影响,指出当无机碳源浓度大于2 g/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌代谢受到严重抑制,但是这种抑制是可逆的;当无机碳源浓度恢复到1 g/L时,厌氧氨氧化菌的代谢恢复正常。     

污泥颗粒化ASBR反应器处理啤酒废水研究

采用已形成颗粒污泥的厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)处理啤酒废水,通过正交试验考察了进水COD浓度、运行周期、进水COD浓度/碱度(以CaCO3计)值和搅拌频率这4个参数对去除COD的影响。结果表明,当以对COD的去除率为评价指标时,正交试验得到上述因素对去除COD的影响程度排序为进水COD浓度进水COD浓度/碱度值运行周期搅拌频率;ASBR反应器处理啤酒废水的最佳条件如下:进水COD为2 859 mg/L、运行周期为8 h、进水COD浓度/碱度值为3~4、搅拌频率为1 min/45 min。ASBR反应器对COD的去除率均在95%以上,出水COD浓度能够达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准和《啤酒工业污染物排放标准》(GB 19821—2005)。     

啤酒废水处理新技术ASBR

以西安汉斯啤酒厂糖化车间酒糟淋洗液为研究对象,采用ASBR反应器进行处理,探讨了其可行性,实验结果表明,ASBR反应器对啤酒废水具有较高的处理效率和抗冲击负荷,为ASBR工艺在啤酒废水处理工程中的应用提供参考。     

聚季胺盐投加方式对厌氧污泥颗粒化的影响研究

投加阳离子聚合物是加速厌氧污泥颗粒化的有效方法,根据静态试验得出的聚季胺盐投加总量,选定了聚季胺盐的几种投加方式（不同的投加量和投加时间间隔）,研究其对实验室规模下的厌氧序批式反应器（ASBR）中污泥颗粒化的影响.试验以污水厂的厌氧污泥为对象,以污泥颗粒的粒径、沉速及出水COD等作为评价污泥颗粒化进程的指标,分析了各投加方式对污泥颗粒化进程的影响,并挑选出适宜的絮凝剂投加方式.结果表明,不同投加方式对ASBR污泥颗粒化进程有不同影响,建议采用每次投加量为0.16～0.32 mg/gMLSS,投加时间间隔为2～5 d,分5～10次投加的方式.     

Effect of the presence of the antimicrobial tylosin in swine waste on anaerobic treatment

An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR), seeded with a biomass inoculum that previously had not been exposed to the macrolide antimicrobial tylosin (mixture of Tylosin A, B, C, and D), was operated for 3 months with swine waste without Tylosin A and for 9 months with swine waste containing Tylosin A at an average concentration of 1.6 mg/L. When swine waste with tylosin was fed to the ASBR, methane production and volatile solids removal did not appear to be inhibited and a methane yield of 0.47 L methane per gram volatile solids fed to the ASBR was observed. Throughout the operating period, Tylosin A levels in ASBR biomass and effluent were below the detection limit of 0.01 mg/L. However, during the first 3 months of operation, the levels of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB)-resistant bacteria in the ASBR biomass increased substantially as determined by hybridizations with oligonucleotide probes designed to target MLSB-resistant bacteria. Since no Tylosin A was present in the swine waste during the initial 3 months, the presence of MLSB-resistant bacteria in the swine waste was likely the reason for the increase in resistance. Subsequently, the levels of MLSB-resistant bacteria in ASBR biomass stabilized with an average of 44.9% for the 9 months of operation with swine waste containing Tylosin A. The level of MLSB-resistant bacteria in the swine waste fed to the ASBR during this period averaged 18.0%. The results indicate that anaerobic treatment of a waste stream containing tylosin was effective (based on reactor performance) and that the level of resistant bacteria in the ASBR was substantially higher than in the waste stream fed to this system.     

Methanogenic population dynamics during startup of a full-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating swine waste

Changes in methanogenic population levels were followed during startup of a full-scale, farm-based anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) and these changes were linked to operational and performance data. The ASBR was inoculated with anaerobic digester sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment facility. During an acclimation period of approximately 3 months, the ASBR content was diluted to maintain a total ammonia-N level of approximately 2000mg l(-1). After this acclimation period, the volatile solids loading rate was increased to its design value of 1.7g l(-1) day(-1) with a 15-day hydraulic retention time, which increased the total ammonia-N level in the ASBR to approximately 3,600 mg l(-1). The 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) levels of the acetate-utilizing methanogens of the genus Methanosarcina decreased from 3.8% to 1.2% (expressed as a percentage of the total 16S rRNA levels) during this period, while the 16S rRNA levels of Methanosaeta concilii remained low (below 2.2%). Methane production and reactor performance were not affected as the 16S rRNA levels of the hydrogen-utilizing methanogens of the order Methanomicrobiales increased from 2.3% to 7.0%. Hence, it is likely that during operation with high ammonia levels, the major route of methane production is through a syntrophic relationship between acetate-oxidizing bacteria and hydrogen-utilizing methanogens. Anaerobic digestion at total ammonia-N levels exceeding 3500mg l(-1) was sustainable apparently due to the acclimation of hydrogen-utilizing methanogens to high ammonia levels.     

Carbohydrate storage in anaerobic sequencing batch reactors

This study demonstrates the accumulation and degradation of trehalose as a storage compound in a glucose-fed anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). One hour after substrate addition, only 40% of the added organic matter (as chemical oxygen demand, COD) was accounted for by the cumulative methane production and soluble COD remaining in the reactor. All influent COD was accounted for by methane and biomass production by the end of the 24-h ASBR cycle. These dynamics can be explained by the production of an intracellular storage product. Total carbohydrate analysis showed that 26% of the glucose added to the reactor transiently accumulated within the biomass. Based on ¹³C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, trehalose (-d-glucopyranosyl-(d-glucopyranoside)) was identified as the main carbohydrate produced. Mathematical modeling was performed and the IWA Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was modified to include microbial storage. The modified model adequately described the ASBR dynamics during a 24-h cycle.     

Sludge characteristics in anaerobic SBR system producing hydrogen gas

In this study, sludge characteristics of anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) were investigated to improve and optimize the efficiency of the system converting starch into biohydrogen. The effect of stratification in settling phase on H2-producing ASBR, which results in settleable and non-settleable sludge, was observed using a batch experiment. It was concluded that specific H2 activity of decanting non-settleable sludge was higher than that of settleable sludge, which may be the reason of low yield in H2-producing ASBR. In addition, effect of settling time on settleable sludge, which is another key operational parameter, was also analysed using another set of batch experiment. Settling time of the sludge was found to be an important parameter in H2-producing ASBR. Specific H2 activity varied inversely with the duration for which settleable microorganisms were contained in settling phase. Microbial species, responsible for H2 activity in each condition, were identified using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis.     

Development of anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), a novel anaerobic treatment system

A novel anaerobic treatment system, the anaerobic migrating blanket reactor (AMBR), was developed after completing a parallel study with upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) and anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) processes. Using sucrose as the main component of a synthetic wastewater, the AMBR achieved a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rate of 30 g.l-1.day-1 at a 12-h hydraulic retention time (HRT). This resulted in a standard methane production rate (SMPR) of 6.51.l-1.day-1 and an average methane-based COD (MCOD) removal efficiency of 62.2%. A key element in granular biomass formation was migration of the biomass blanket through the reactor. Although a carbohydrate-rich wastewater was used, no separate pre-acidification was required for the AMBR, because of high mixing intensities and wash out of acidogenic bacteria. In contrast, the absence of pre-acidification created "bulking" problems (caused by abundant acidogenic bacteria at the surface of granules) in a UASB reactor, operated under conditions similar to that of the AMBR. As a result, a maximum COD loading rate and SMPR of 21 g.l-1.day-1 and 4.91.l-1.day-1 were achieved, respectively, for the UASB reactor at a 12-h HRT. These values were 18 g.l-1.day-1 and 3.71.l-1.day-1, respectively, for an ASBR at a 12-h HRT. Hence, the performance of the AMBR in treating a carbohydrate-rich wastewater was found to be superior in terms of maximum loading rate and SMPR.     

Improving anaerobic sequencing batch reactor performance by modifying operational parameters.

A lab-scale anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) that had operated with glucose at an organic loading rate of 2.1 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) was stressed with an organic loading rate of 3.2 kg COD m(-3) (-1). Five different combinations of influent concentration, total cycle time, and fill time to cycle time ratio were examined. No external pH control was used. In all cases, acetate and propionate were the main constituents of the effluent. Larger fill time to cycle time ratios and lower initial substrate concentrations resulted in improved performance suggesting that ASBR operation may be improved by changing operational parameters.     

洁霉素废水处理工程的改进及应用

利用某药厂原有处理设施进行工艺改进,采用预处理/内循环厌氧反应器(IC)/反硝化/硝化工艺处理洁霉素生产废水。运行结果表明:出水各项指标均能达到《发酵类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21903—2008),工程投资和运行费用较低,运行效果稳定。     

微电解-氯化钙沉淀法处理电镀含氟废水的试验研究

针对传统石灰沉淀法和单独氯化钙沉淀法在处理电镀含氟废水时存在的不足之处,研究了微电解-氯化钙沉淀法在处理该废水时的相关技术参数。试验结果表明,该方法具有污染物去除效率高、药剂成本低、卫生条件好、运行稳定可靠等优点,并得出微电解的最佳工艺条件为:保持废水pH值不变;铁碳比为1:1;废水在微电解反应器中停留时间为25min。氯化钙沉淀的最佳工艺条件为:沉淀反应pH值为7～8范围内,氟化钙的投加量为380mg/L。