Numerical investigation of the effect of transitory strand opening on mixing in a multistrand tundish

In a multistrand,the outlet near the inlet produces short circuiting flow.This leads to the formation of dead zones inside the tundish,and consequently,the mean residence time decreases.In the present study,numerical investigation of mixing inside a delta shaped tundish with sloping boundaries was carried out by solving the Navier-Stokes equation and employing the standard turbulence model.To decrease the dead zone volume inside the tundish,the effect of closing the outlet near the inlet for a small amount of time and further opening it on the mixing behavior of the tundish was studied.The outlets near the inlet were closed for varying amount of time,and the transient analysis of fluid flow and the tracer dispersion study were carried out to find the mixing parameters of the tundish,namely,mean residence time and the ratio of mixed to dead volume of the tundish.An optimum closure time of the near outlet has been found,which yields best mixing inside the tundish.The numerical code was validated against the experimental observation by performing the tracer dispersion study inside a multistrand tundish and the reasonably good match between the experimental and numerical results in terms of residence time distribution (RTD)curves.The results obtained from the present study confirm the strong role of choosing the right time for opening and closing the outlets to get improved characteristics for the fluid flow and mixing behavior of the tundish.The educational version of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)soft ware PHOENICS was used to solve the governing equations and interpret the results in different forms.     

Fluid flow in large-capacity horizontal continuous casting tundishes

The configuration of the tundish for a two-strand horizontal continuous caster was designed and optimized through water modeling. Three designs of the tundish were studied: the original tundish without any flow control devices, the tundish with a turbulence inhibitor at the bottom, and the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam. The residence time, the location and size of the dead zone, and the fluid field pattern were investigated. At the same time, the asymmetry flow field and wavy inlet jet in the horizontal tundish were observed and the reasons for them were discussed. The results indicate that the tundish with an inlet launder and an inclined dam is the best of the three designs.     

注入钢液温度降低时中间包非稳态过程数值模拟

利用所建立的中间包非稳态传输过程数学模型对包浇注一个包次周期中中间包工作过程进行了数值模拟.在中间包非稳态过程模拟中首先采用稳态速度场和温度场作为计算的起始速度场和湿度场,以此为基础,完成一个包次浇注过程的计算后,用其所得物理场作为初始速度场和湿度场,进行中间包注入钢液温度降低所产生的非稳态过程模拟计算.模拟结果表明,这样处理更加逼近中间包的真实状态.通过对数值模拟结果的分析,发现在钢包一个包次浇注过程中,中间包中出现两次"流动逆转"和"温度逆转",且第一次逆转有利于中间包冶金功能的发挥,第二次逆转的作用相反,应设法避免和推迟中间包内第二次逆转现象的出现.     

连铸中间包内流场与温度场的数值模拟

针对国内某钢厂中间包,利用CFD软件FLUENT研究该中间包内传输现象,计算挡墙对中间包流场和温度分布的影响,结果表明设置合适的中间包挡墙,能明显改善中间包内的流场和温度场.     

中间罐中吹气搅拌对钢水流动的影响

连铸中间罐内钢水的流动对于成分和温度的均匀，非金属夹杂物的去除都有重要影响。本文在相似原理基础上，建立了中间罐水力学模型，通过刺激－响应试验，夹杂物模拟及高速摄影流场显示实验，研究吹气搅拌对钢液流动及夹杂物去除的影响。     

Design optimization of flow control device for multi-strand tundish

The fluid flow phenomena in tundish have a strong influence not only on the uniform of composition and temperature of bath, but also on the separation of non-metallic inclusions, especially for the multi-strand tundish. A water model of a multi-strand tundish has been set up based on the Froude number and Reynold number similarity criteria. The effect of dam+weir and baffle on the uniform of composition and temperature of bath for different nozzles has been studied. The residence time distribution curves of the fluid flow were measured by SG800. Comparing the photos of the flow pattern in tundish, the optimum arrangement of baf-fle+dam was obtained. This new structure is benefit not only to uniform the temperature among different SENs (submerge entry nozzles) but also to separate the non-inclusions from the liquid steel, it can be widely used in multi-strand tundish.     

Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to analysis of metallurgical process for continuous casting tundishes

A series of simulations by mathematical and physical modeling on fluid flow, mass and heat transfer in continuous casting tundishes have been carried out. It was found by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation that in most cases tundish flow must be treated as a non-isothermal reactor due to the existence of temperature difference between the transport ladle and the tundish. The critical conditions when the non-isothermal flow in the tundish can not be neglected have been found by CFD simulation and water modeling. A direct measurement in a 40 t tundish has confirmed the simulation results.     

两流板坯连铸中间包结构优化水模实验研究

通过两流板坯中间包水模实验,研究了抑湍器以及不同控流装置的组合对中间包流动特性的影响.结果表明,合理使用抑湍器能延长开始响应时间,提高平均停留时间和活塞流体积.抑湍器和垱坝组合控流效果良好,且结构简单.由抑湍器、垱坝和挡渣堰组成的控流装置使中间包流场更加合理,优化后的中间包平均停留时间由原先的188 s提高到218 s,活塞流体积分数由3.50%提高到15.41%,死区体积分数由41.57%降低到32.15%.     

漩流中间包流场的数值模拟

采用CFD软件Fluent对漩流中间包内的流场进行了数值模拟,分析了漩流中间包内的流场特征,以及漩流室的加入,中间包内的流动形态.模拟结果表明,由于漩流室的加入使湍动能耗散主要集中在漩流室内部,有利于夹杂物的聚合长大;漩流室的加入可改善钢液的流动状态,利于夹杂物的上浮。由于入口位置的非对称布置,造成了漩流中间包内的流场在入口区呈明显的非对称分布,这些结果为进一步优化漩流中间包内漩流室的位置和中间包挡墙参数提供了理论依据.     

连铸中间包内流场控制优化水模实验研究

根据相似原理,研究了原设计方案和优化改进方案对中间包流场的影响。采用刺激-响应实验方法测得中间包流体的平均停留时间分布(RTD)曲线,并得到不同方案控流装置对中间包流体流动的影响,从而优化对中间包流场的控制。研究结果表明:方案4中活塞区体积分数增大了42.44%,钢液平均停留时间延长了500s左右,并且提高了中间包各流之间的钢液均匀性,从而促进夹杂物的上浮去除。     

Modeling study on fluid flow and inclusion motion in 6-strand bloom caster tundishes

The behavior of fluid flow and particle motion in a 6-strand bloom caster tundish was investigated by a water model and numerical simulation. Compared with a device without flow control, the tundish with flow control has an important effect on the fluid flow pattern and inclusion removal. It is revealed that by non-isothermal process, which is real production condition, the fluid flow in tundish shows a strong buoyancy pattern, which drives particles to move upwards. The particle removal was quantitatively studied by mathematical and physical simulations.     

Dispersive bubble wall--a new method of flow control in tundish

Tundish is the last refractory vessel in the steelmaking process. The fluid flow phenomena in tundish have a strong influence on the separation of non-metallic inclusions. The dispersive bubble wall (DBW) is a new method in tundish metallurgy. A water model of a multi-strand tundish has been set up based on the Froude number and Reynold number similarity criteria. The effect of DBW weir on the flow pattern has been studied. The results show that this new structure of DBW weir is beneficial not only to uniform the temperature among different submerge entry nozzles but also to separate non-metallic inclusions from liquid steel. The DBW can capture the particles of non-metallic inclusions and make them float up to the surface.     

Dispersive bubble wall——a new method of flow control in tundish

Tundish is the last refractory vessel in the steelmaking process. The fluid flow phenomena in tundish have a strong influence on the separation of non-metallic inclusions. The dispersive bubble wall （DBW） is a new method in tundish metallurgy. A water model of a multi-strand tundish has been set up based on the Froude number and Reynold number similarity criteria. The effect of DBW＋weir on the flow pattern has been studied. The results show that this new structure of DBW＋weir is beneficial not only to uniform the temperature among different submerge entry nozzles but also to separate non-metallic inclusions from liquid steel. The DBW can capture the particles of non-metallic inclusions and make them float up to the surface.     

六流小方坯连铸中间包内型优化设计水模研究

通过水力学模型试验,研究了中间包内的流场和流动分布。研究表明：现场中间包内型结构欠合理。试验通过在中间包模型内加设V型档墙,并调整挡墙上开孔的数量、大小、倾角和位置来控制流体流动的方式,从而使流场得以改善,满足生产实际要求,保证了连铸机的正常操作和铸坯质量。     

五流小方坯中间包内型优化水模实验

根据相似原理,采用水模实验,研究五流中间包的流场及流动特性,在中间包模型内加“U”型挡墙,并调整挡墙上开孔的倾角和位置来控制流体流动的方式,以获得最优方案。流量计流量为1．0m^3/h,中间包死区比为14．7％,示踪剂响应时间为26s,平均停留时间为257．6s。     

Mathematical modeling of fluid flow, heat transfer and inclusion transport in a four strand tundish

Mathematical simulation was used for trouble-shooting and optimization. By the mathematical simulation, fluid flow and beat transfer of molten-steel in a four-strand tundish of a billet caster under different conditions （bare tundish and tundish with flow control device） were analyzed, The results showed that （1） the tundish with flow control device （FCD） has an important effect on the fluid pattern and temperature distribution; （2） the unsteady, solving method was used to model the inclusion motions at different time perthds, and it showed that the FCD is advantageous to separate the nonmetallic inclusions. According to the simulation results, the main problem existing in the industry preduction was found, and some helpful rneasurements were executed. Consequently, the large nonmetallic inclusions were separated, and the content of total oxygen was reduced. The qualily of steel was greatly improved.     

Fluid Flow in Tundish Due to Different Type Arrangement of Weir and Dam

Tundish is an important metallurgical reactor in the continuous casting process,In order to control the fluid flow in tundish and thus take full advantage of the residence time available for the removal of inclusions from molten steel,the effect of weir and dam on the fluid flow has been studied in a water model based on the characteristic number Froude and Reynold number similarity criteria.The residence time distribution curves of the flow were measured by SG800,The optimum arrangement of dam and weir and the nonstationary flow in tundish were discussed.The results show that the comnbination of weir and dam is benefit for the flow pattern in tundish,weir can prevent the upper recirculating flow.dam can cut off the bottom flow and turn to upwards,it is advantageous to separate the nometallic inclusions.Furthermore,it is importnat to exceed the critical depth of bath during exchange ladles,not only for the inclusion floatation but also for avoiding tundish slag drainage earlier.     

CSP中间包内腔优化的数值模拟

针对CSP中间包内冶金过程,建立中间包内钢水流场、温度场、夹杂物运动的数学模型,对不同挡墙和挡坝的5种组合方案的中间包钢水,从流动、传热和去夹杂能力等方面进行分析。结果表明:不同挡墙和挡坝的组合方案中,方案5效果最佳,其结构合理,钢液停留时间有效延长,利于夹杂物的上浮;没有明显的低温区域,中间包出口与入口的温差为5℃;对50μm的夹杂物能去除98.4%,对40μm的夹杂物去除率达到92.3%。     

任意欧拉-拉格朗日耦合框架下三维非定态可压缩流体流动的数值模拟

在欧拉与拉格朗日耦合的框架下,利用有限体积法对非定态三维可压缩流体流动问题给予研究,开发了一般网格下的通用计算程序 该程序适用于计算复杂几何边界条件、运动边界条件等情况下流体流动问题 作为例子,计算了简单中间包内流体的流动情况,给出了随时间变化的流场分布      

异型坯中间包中钢液三维流场研究

针对马钢异形坯中间包,建立了相应的数模,利用流体力学软件FLUENT,在非等温条件下,研究在设置挡墙和坝前后中间包内钢水流场规律,为工业现场工艺优化提供科学参考.