镁合金表面化学镀 Ni-P 和 Ni-P-SiC 的对比

目的提高镁合金的耐磨性、耐蚀性,扩大其应用领域。方法采用"磷酸+钼酸铵酸洗→HF活化"的方法进行前处理,直接在AZ91D镁合金表面化学镀Ni-P合金镀层和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。对两种镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分、结构、硬度、耐蚀性及耐磨性进行了系统比较。结果在Ni-P合金镀层中引入SiC粉末后,镀层的胞状颗粒细化,硬度提高至643HV,但其腐蚀电流密度有所增大。结论与Ni-P合金镀层相比,Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐蚀性有所下降,但耐磨性能大大提高。     

沉积时间对AZ91D合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

目的提高镁合金的耐蚀性和耐磨性。方法以AZ91D镁合金为基体,采用SiC颗粒质量浓度为3 g/L的Ni-P化学镀溶液,在其表面沉积不同时间,制备Ni-P-SiC复合镀层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、显微硬度测试、粗糙度仪、电化学腐蚀和磨损等试验来分析和评价Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的厚度、表面粗糙度、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。结果 Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的厚度和表面粗糙度随沉积时间增加而增加,沉积时间为150 min时,镀层厚度可达53μm,表面粗糙度为2.5μm。沉积时间为120 min时,镀层的显微硬度最高,为641HV,此时复合镀层的耐蚀性和耐磨性最好,自腐蚀电位高达-0.73 V,腐蚀电流密度为0.78μA/cm~2,磨损体积最小,为1.04×10~(-3)mm~3。与AZ91D镁合金基体相比,沉积复合镀层后的样品更耐蚀,说明复合镀层有效改善了镁合金基体的耐蚀性。结论沉积时间对Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的性能有一定影响,在沉积时间为120 min时获得的复合镀层具有较好的耐蚀性和耐磨性。     

热处理温度对AZ91D合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层性能的影响

目的提高镁合金表面Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。方法采用加入SiC微粒的Ni-P化学镀溶液,在AZ91D镁合金表面制备Ni-P-SiC复合镀层,并在不同温度下进行热处理,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度测试、电化学腐蚀测试和摩擦磨损实验等方法分析和评价镀层的组织构成、显微硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能。结果 Ni-P-SiC复合镀层经320℃热处理后,组织结构由非晶向晶体转变,并伴随有Ni3P相的析出。此温度下热处理的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层:显微硬度最高,可达1120HV,为未热处理时显微硬度(620HV)的1.81倍;自腐蚀电位为–0.697 V,较未热处理样品的(–0.727 V)有所提高;腐蚀电流密度基本最小,为0.984μA/cm~(–2);磨损体积最小,为0.324×10~(–3) mm~3。340℃热处理的复合镀层则磨损体积最大,为1.43×10~(–3) mm~3。结论在AZ91D镁合金表面制备的Ni-P-SiC复合镀层经过320℃热处理保温1 h后,复合镀层的硬度、耐腐蚀性能和耐磨性能均有所提高。     

碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层的组织与性能研究

目的研究碳纳米管对Ni-P化学镀层组织与性能的影响。方法将碳纳米管(CNTs)加入到镀液中,采用化学镀的方法在45#钢表面制得碳纳米管-镍磷化学复合镀层。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪综合分析复合镀层的表面形貌和结构,并采用多功能材料表面性能测试仪对复合镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行了研究。利用动电位极化技术对Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为进行了研究。结果Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层是非晶态结构,CNTs均匀地嵌埋在基质镀层中。在耐磨性试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的磨损率比Ni-P镀层降低了7.6×10~(-11) m~3/(N·m),而平均摩擦因数减小了0.074。在电化学腐蚀试验中,Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层的腐蚀电位比Ni-P镀层正移了222 mV,而腐蚀电流密度降低了5.234×10~(-6) A/cm~2。结论碳纳米管填补了镍磷非晶胞间的间隙,改善了复合镀层的组织结构,使Ni-P-CNTs化学复合镀层具有更好的耐摩擦磨损性能和耐腐蚀性能。     

Ni-P-SiC composite coatings electroplated on carbon steel assisted by mechanical attrition

Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were electroplated on carbon steel substrate assisted by mechanical attrition (MA). The MA action was conducted by dispersing glass balls on the cathodic surface, vibrating in the horizontal direction. The experimental results show that, under the assistant of MA action, the adhesion of Ni-P-SiC coating on the steel substrate can be improved effectively, and the Ni-P-SiC coatings exhibit a crystallized structure and Ni-P matrix can combine tightly with SiC particles, and the hardness and corrosion resistance of these coatings increase markedly. During heat treatment, the defects produced in conventional Ni-P-SiC composite coatings can be avoided assisted by MA action. Both of the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of these coatings can be improved further.     

添加纳米TiO2的Ni-P化学复合镀层显微结构与性能

采用化学复合镀法制备了Ni-P-纳米TiO2复合镀层,研究了纳米TiO2添加对Ni-P复合镀层的显微结构、硬度、耐磨性、孔隙率及耐蚀性的影响,并讨论了其影响机理。结果表明:纳米TiO2粒子较为均匀地分布在Ni基镀层,未发生明显团聚;纳米TiO2粒子的弥散强化作用,使复合镀层具有较高的表面硬度和良好的耐摩擦性能,晶化热处理后的复合镀层表面硬度达到了10 925 MPa,耐摩擦性能也显著提高。添加纳米TiO2粒子后,镀层的孔隙率增加,耐碱和耐盐腐蚀的能力稍有降低,耐HCl溶液腐蚀的能力较差。     

Effect on Corrosion Resistance of Ce-Rich-Sealed Ni-P Coatings on Cf/Al Composite Surface

In this study, Ni-P coatings and sealing of the coatings by Ce-rich solution on Cf/Al composite surface for enhanced corrosion resistance are investigated. The corrosion resistance of uncoating sample in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was investigated and a comparison with Ni-P and Ce-sealed Ni-P coatings is given. Effect of Ce-sealing on Ni-P coating is discussed. The results of electrochemical measurements of corrosion performance of Cf/Al composites show that sealing of Ni-P coatings with Ce-rich solution can improve the corrosion resistance. The Ce-rich-sealed Ni-P coating has higher corrosion resistance than the coating without Ce, and the electroless plated Ni-P coating on composite surface has higher corrosion resistance than the bare sample, as evidenced by EIS and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The microstructure of the Cf/Al composites and the two kinds of coatings (i.e., Ni-P coating and Ce-sealed Ni-P coating) were examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The Ce-sealed Ni-P coatings on Cf/Al composite surface have a total thickness of ~11 μm of which 10 μm is the thickness of the Ni-P coating and ~1 μm is the thickness of the Ce-rich sealing. It shows that the selected area electron diffraction ring pattern of Ce-rich sealing on Ni-P plated composite is consistent with Ce₆O₁₁ or CeO₂. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that Ce⁴⁺ was the dominant oxidation state for Ce-rich sealing on Ni-P plated composite. The Ce-sealing treatment on Ni-P coating has improved the corrosion resistance over and above the corrosion resistance offered by the Ni-P mono-coating to the bare substrate.     

ZrO2 加入量对Zr-8Al合金化学复合镀性能的影响

对Zr-8Al合金进行了化学复合镀Ni-P-ZrO_2处理,并研究了不同ZrO_2粒子加入量制备的复合镀层的显微结构、显微硬度、耐磨性和抗蚀性。结果表明,与单纯化学镀Ni-P镀层相比,Ni-P-ZrO_2复合镀层的显微硬度值显著提高,ZrO_2的添加量为4 g/L获得复合镀层显微硬度最高,耐磨性好;在3.5%(质量分数)NaCl溶液中耐蚀性虽有所下降,但腐蚀后镀层完整,仍具有较好的抗蚀性。Zr-8Al合金表面采用4 g/L ZrO_2粒子制备的Ni-P-ZrO_2复合镀层兼具很好的耐磨性和较好的耐蚀性,适用于既要耐磨又要抗蚀的空间活动构件。     

Corrosion and wear properties of electroless Ni-P plating layer on AZ91D magnesium alloy

A direct electroless Ni-P plating treatment was applied to AZ91D magnesium alloy for improving its corrosion resistance and wear resistance. Corrosion resistance of the Ni-P coatings was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and immersing experiments in 3.5% NaCl solution. The wear resistance of the coatings was investigated by the wear track and the mass change after ball-on-disk experiment. The results show that corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the AZ91D alloy are greatly improved after direct electroless Ni-P plating. No discoloration is noticed until 4 d of immersion in 3.5% NaC1 solution. Potentiodynamic polarization experiments show that the free corrosion potential of magnesium alloy is shifted from -1 500 mV to -250 mV and passivation occurs at 1 350 mV after direct electroless plating. The friction coefficients and wear rates of Ni-P coating and Ni-P coating after tempering are 0.10-0.351, 9.038×10^-3 mm^3/m and 0.13-0.177, 3.056×10^-4 mm^3/m, respectively, at a load of 1.5 N with dry sliding. Although minor hurt on corrosion resistance was caused, significant improvement of wear resistance was obtained after tempering treatment of the coating.     

Electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 Nanocomposite Coatings and Their Corrosion and Wear Resistance

In an effort to utilize beneficial aspects of nanoparticles in providing corrosion and wear resistance, electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-Al₂O₃ nanocomposite coatings were produced. Alumina particles with various contents from 5 to 20 g/L in bath were co-deposited within Ni-P deposits on mild steel (ms) substrate. Coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphology, energy dispersive analysis of x-ray EDAX for analyzing elemental composition and x-ray diffractometry for investigating the structural changes of their components. Electrochemical and immersion measurements were used to analyze corrosion behavior of the coatings in 3.5% NaCl solution. Wear resistance of the coating was measured by pin-on-disc method. The results indicated that the Ni-P-Al₂O₃ coatings provide the high hardness as compare to the Ni-P coating. Corrosion and wear resistance of coatings is observed to be superior to that of ms. Corrosion protection properties of the coatings are found to be affected with continuous exposure to the electrolyte. Coating with high concentration of alumina is exhibiting high wear resistance than Ni-P coating. Wear mechanism in case of Ni-P coating appears to be adhesive type and seems to change to abrasive type on introduction of alumina.     

化学镀Ni-P和Ni-Cu-P合金耐蚀性研究

研究了硫酸铜加入量对化学镀Ni-Cu-P合金的镀层成分、组织及热稳定性影响,用中性盐雾实验和在20%H2SO4+20 g/LAl2O3溶液中的冲刷腐蚀实验研究了Ni-P与Ni-Cu-P合金的耐蚀性和耐冲刷腐蚀性能.结果表明,Ni-Cu-P合金镀层具有比Ni-P合金镀层更好的热稳定性、耐蚀性和耐冲刷腐蚀性能.     

Influence of pH values on electroless Ni-P-SiC plating on AZ91D magnesium alloy

A novel Ni-P-SiC composite coating was prepared by electroless plating in order to improve the corrosion capacity and wear resistance of AZ91D magnesium alloy. The influence of pH values on deposition rates and properties of the coatings was studied. The microstructure and phase structure of the Ni-P-SiC coatings were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The corrosion and wear resistance performances of the coatings were also investigated through electrochemical technique and pin-on-disk tribometer, respectively. The results indicate that the composite coating is composed of Ni, P and SiC. It exhibits an amorphous structure and good adhesion to the substrate. The coatings have higher open circuit potential than that of the substrate. The composite coating obtained at pH value of 5.2 possesses optimal integrated properties, which shows similar corrosion resistance and ascendant wear resistance properties to the substrate.     

Deposition and corrosion resistance of electroless Ni-PCTFE-P nanocomposite coatings

The present work deals with the process of electroless deposition and electrochemical corrosion behavior of nickel-polychlorotrifluoroethylene-phosphorous (Ni-PCTFE-P) nanocomposite coatings. The process of autocatalytic-catalytic reduction of Ni in nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphate solution with PCTFE suspended particles has been employed for the formation of the electroless Ni-PCTFE-P composite coatings. Surface morphology and composition of the composite coatings are characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) measurements and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Corrosion behavior of coatings is evaluated using open-circuit potential (E_OCP) measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization techniques in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The study reveals significant shift in corrosion potential towards the noble direction, decrease in corrosion current density, increase in charge transfer resistance and decrease in double‐layer capacitance values with the incorporation of PCTFE particles in the Ni-P matrix. The significant improvement in corrosion resistance observed for Ni-PCTFE-P nanocomposite coatings (25.3 kΩ cm²) compared to Ni-P (16 kΩ cm²) could have resulted from the microstructural differences of pure Ni-P with Ni-PCTFE-P nanocomposite coatings.     

Primary investigation of corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this paper, an electroless nickel plating and sol-gel combined technique used to prepare the Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is described and the composite film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO₂ film was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The self-corrosion current density (i_corr) of Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film is 2.38μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ solution about 33% of that of Ni-P coating and 0.22μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L NaCl solution about 14% of that of Ni-P coating, respectively. In 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.5mol/L NaCl solutions, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the composite film is 12.5kΩ cm² and 120kΩ cm², about 1.6 and 2 times that of Ni-P coating, respectively. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating.     

A study of electroless copper-phosphorus coatings with the addition of silicon carbide (SiC) and graphite (Cg) particles

Copper composite coating with graphite (C_g) and/or silicon carbide (SiC) particles were deposited by electroless plating. The surface morphology of the coatings that were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Cu particles were uniformly distributed. The obtained coating thickness was approximately ± 5 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to characterise the structure and to study the phase transition of the coatings, respectively. Phases such as Cu, Cu₂O, Cu₃P, Cu₃Si, SiC and C_g were observed from X-ray diffraction patterns and the presence of Cu₂O, Cu₃P and Cu₃Si was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The results demonstrated that SiC and C_g particles have little influence on the phase transition of the coating. The hardness and wear resistance of Cu-P composite coatings were improved with the incorporation of SiC particles. The friction coefficient of Cu-P composite coatings decreased with the incorporation of C_g particles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results of coatings showed that the roughness of the coatings increased with the incorporation of SiC to the Cu-P coatings and decreased with the incorporation of C_g. Cu-P-C_g-SiC composite coatings showed a moderate roughness, hardness between Cu-P-SiC and Cu-P-C_g coatings, had low friction and good anti-wear properties. The anti corrosion resistance of the electroless Cu-P composite coatings on carbon steel were studied in 3.5% NaCl and 1 M HCl solutions by the potentiodynamic polarisation technique. The study revealed that the corrosion resistance increased with the incorporation of SiC particles in the Cu-P and Cu-P-C_g matrix but reduced with the incorporation of graphite.     

Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层制备及摩擦磨损性能分析

目的研究不同粒径微米金刚石对Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层摩擦磨损性能的影响。方法选择出一组优良的Ni-P化学镀工艺参数,在镀液中分别加入不同粒径的金刚石微粒,制备含不同粒径微米级金刚石颗粒的化学复合镀层。用SEM和XRD,观察并分析了不同粒径金刚石对热处理前后Ni-P金刚石化学复合镀层微观形貌和组织结构的影响;通过硬度和摩擦磨损实验,研究了不同粒径金刚石颗粒对复合镀层硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果制备的复合镀层厚度为30μm左右,金刚石质量分数达到21%~25%,且金刚石均匀分散在Ni-P镀层中。热处理前镀层为非晶结构,经过400℃×2 h的热处理后,镀层晶化为硬度更高的Ni3P。金刚石能提高镀层硬度,其中粒径为9μm的复合镀层硬度最高,达到1261HV。Ni-P金刚石复合镀层的摩擦系数为0.4~0.52,随着金刚石粒径的增大,摩擦系数不断减小。金刚石使镀层的磨损机制发生了变化,随着金刚石粒径的增大,硬质合金球的磨损加剧。结论随着金刚石粒径的增大,镀层硬度增加,摩擦系数减小,耐磨性增大。     

涂层材料的磨损研究

研究了化学复合镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＳｉＣ,Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,Ｎｉ－Ｐ－ＰＴＦＥ三种复合涂层的摩擦磨损特性,研究了载荷对复合涂层耐磨性的影响,比较了三种涂层的抗咬合性能,结果发现低载荷下,减摩涂层具有更好的耐磨性,高载荷下抗磨涂层具有更好的耐磨性。     

化学沉积Ni—P合金层及Ni—P—SiC复合层的研究

本文通过对化学沉积Ni-P合金和Ni-P-SiC复合镀层的研究,找到了制取适宜的磷含量和SiC含量的工艺方法。介绍了所得沉积层具有较高硬度和优良的耐磨性,并列举了应用于工业生产的实例,预期这项技术具有较广阔的应用前景。     

Corrosion behavior of electroless Ni-P alloy coatings containing tungsten or nano-scattered alumina composite in 3.5% NaCl solution

The corrosion protection performance of electroless deposited nickel-phosphorus (Ni-P) alloy coatings containing tungsten (Ni-P-W) or nano-scattered alumina (Ni-P-Al₂O₃) composite coatings on low carbon steel was studied. The effect of heat treatment on the coating performance was also studied. The optimum conditions under which such coatings can provide good corrosion protection to the substrate were determined after two weeks of immersion in 3.5% NaCl solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements have been used to evaluate the coating performance before and after heat treatment. The Ni-P-W coatings showed the highest surface resistance compared with Ni-P-Al₂O₃ and Ni-P. The surface resistance of Ni-P-W coatings was 12.0 × 10⁴ Ω cm² which is about the double of the resistance showed by Ni-P-Al₂O₃ (7.00 × 10⁴ Ω cm²) and twenty times greater than the surface resistance of Ni-P (0.78 × 10⁴ Ω cm²). XRD analysis of non-heat-treated samples revealed formation of a protective tungsten phosphide phase. Heat treatment has an adverse effect on the corrosion protection performance of tungsten and alumina composite coatings. The surface resistance decreased sharply after heat treatment.     

SiC颗粒尺寸对镍基复合镀层耐磨性和耐蚀性的影响

在正交实验基础上,对比研究微米SiC(平均粒径1.5 μm)和纳米SiC(平均粒径20 nm)增强复合镍基镀层的摩擦磨损行为和耐腐蚀性能.通过TEM、SEM、EDX和XRD等手段研究颗粒分散状态以及复合镀层的表面和截面形貌、成分及相结构.采用球-盘滑动摩擦磨损试验机研究复合镀层的耐磨性.电化学阻抗谱测量在3.5%的NaCl水溶液中进行.结果表明:微米级颗粒增强复合镀层可以获得更高的表面硬度,两种增强复合镀层具有相似的摩擦磨损行为.电化学阻抗谱分析表明:SiC颗粒的加入可以提高镀层的耐腐蚀性,且纳米颗粒复合镀层具有更好的耐蚀性.