OpenGL在弹射救生过程可视化仿真中的应用

该文根据弹射救生系统的实际工作过程,在VC＋＋编程环境下利用OpenGL开发工具和三维建模软件开发了仿真软件,实现了弹射救生过程的可视化,用于在数值计算结果的驱动下演示弹射救生过程,辅助数学模型的验证与改进,分析弹射系统性能以及指导座椅的改进。该文采用粒子系统模拟椅箭火焰,建立了观察者视角和飞行员视角,并根据过载值同飞行员黑视症状的关系实现了飞行员视角下的黑视效果模拟,再现飞行员在弹射过程中的视场。这些方法改善了可视化仿真软件中虚拟场景的真实感,增强了演示效果。     

基于PLC的飞行弹射模拟器控制系统设计

论述了高端全任务模拟器的系统构成及各子系统功能.通过对飞行弹射模拟器(Ejection Seat Training Simulator)控制系统数据需求较为详尽的分析,利用符合PCI总线标准的数据采集卡、运用PLC控制技术和组态软件设计了飞行弹射模拟器的控制系统,并加以实现.具体提出了在VC 开发环境下开发应用程序的方法,给出了弹射控制系统主控流程图.工程实践证明这种设计方法可以缩短开发周期、提高效率,取得良好的经济效益.     

弹射跳伞全过程仿真软件-仿真支撑软件PROSIMS应用示例

飞行员在意外情况下,通过火箭弹射座椅的弹射、降落伞的张开,直至稳定下降,是一个受各种因素影响的复杂过程。该文是在建立其动态全过程的仿真软件工程项目中,将其主要内容压缩为一篇文章。重点介绍其数学模型的复杂性和仿真支撑软件PROSIMS的具体应用方法。该方法以“虚拟模拟机”方式,进行图形组态,使用灵活、方便、快捷和真正实现了在线修改调试。     

基于分布式结构的弹射生理损伤指标测试系统

为提升飞行员弹射救生系统试验中人体生理损伤指标的测试能力和测试可靠性,结合航空仿真试验假人的结构,提出了分布式测试系统的设计、配置方案,设计了系统触发及同步控制电路,试验结果表明,系统能够在不影响假人生物仿真性能的前提下,可靠实现弹射试验人体生理损伤指标的测试.     

弹射救生系统通用模块化仿真模型

工作于应急离机状态的弹射救生装置是一个复杂的动态系统,其工作环境复杂、不确定因素多。如何利用仿真技术来研究系统的动态特性一直是仿真工作的难点。该文提出了一种在弹射救生仿真通用平台上利用系统建模技术,将弹射救生划分为三个阶段,分阶段建立模型,复用此算法模型,通过各模块输出,输人变量名的连接方式,建立弹射救生仿真模型。针对不同型号的弹射救生仿真,只需要建立和修改各模块的控制模式类即可完成整个建模过程,不需要用户编制和修改算法源程序,并在仿真试验研究的基础上提出了弹射救生系统仿真的今后发展的重点。     

舰载机多机协同飞行训练模拟器设计与实现

舰载机飞行员训练模拟器具有提高训练效率,节省训练经费,保证飞行安全的作用.以舰载战斗机飞行员为训练对象,针对当前单台飞行训练模拟器研制成本很高的现状,采用典型的人在回路中的分布式交互半实物仿真技术,通过建立多通道数学模型,视景系统模拟器、座舱环境及网络环境等,构建了低成本多机协同飞行训练模拟器.仿真结果表明:设计的模拟器,在不损失模型精度的前提下,不仅可以模拟单机飞行训练任务,还可支持多机联网完成协同训练的能力,为研制成本低且有效的训练模拟器提供了参考依据.     

飞行模拟器仪表指示系统设计

为改善飞行模拟器的真实性,提高飞行训练的效果,研究了一种飞行模拟器仪表指示系统,分析了该系统的总体结构并进行了模块划分,着重研究了各模块的软硬件设计,给出了硬件设计结构图和各模块软件流程图。系统能够可靠地显示飞行模拟器的飞行状态和导航参数,为飞行员提供直观的仪表数据和图形。     

飞行仿真中用的计算机成象技术

当前无论训练一个飞行员或设计一架飞机都要使用飞行模拟器,而飞行模拟器的首要关键是它的视景系统。本文对飞行模拟器采用过的二种方案,闭路电视方案与计算机成象方案,作了比较。然后对计算机成象技术的原理及其主要的技术作了介绍。     

某型舰载直升机飞行模拟器飞行仿真系统设计

对某型舰载直升机飞行模拟器飞行仿真系统进行了设计研究.给出了某型舰载直升机飞行模拟器飞行仿真系统的模型框架.定义了建模过程中所涉及的主要坐标系,研究与分析了与主旋翼相关的诱导速度、挥舞角、拉力、扭矩的计算方法,给出了舰载直升机部件气动建模思路.最后,结合舰载直升机数据,对直升机飞行模拟器飞行仿真系统对舰载机飞行员的操纵响应进行了仿真分析.设计的舰载直升机飞行模拟器飞行仿真系统已经成功应用到了某型舰载直升机飞行模拟器上,具有仿真度高、实时性好等特点,起到了良好的训练效果,得到了舰载直升机飞行教员和学员的认可.     

基于AR技术的弹射救生模拟训练系统

为满足弹射救生装置教学训练的需求,利用增强现实技术构建了弹射救生模拟训练装置.通过分析弹射救生装置的工作过程,确定了模拟训练装置的工作需求,并以此为基础搭建了硬件平台,设计了弹射救生模拟训练软件工作流程,以还原弹射救生系统的工作过程.为解决视景驱动和载荷感知等技术难题,分析了弹射过程中弹射上升、弹射离机阶段的视景特点和...     

A Unified Pilot Training and Control System for Underwater Robotic Vehicles (URV)

This paper introduces the work done to improve on a sophisticated Underwater Robotic Vehicle (URV) inspection and repair system for submerged structures. It is undertaken as part of a research programme grant to pursue research and development of technologies and systems for the advancement of knowledge and for possible commercial exploitation relevant to the oil and gas industry. In particular, the paper focuses on the development of a unified pilot training and controls system that incorporates an advance man–machine interface for improving operator dexterity. Few formalised training procedures exist for URV pilots. In spite of the high cost, most URV pilots receive their training on-the-job. Training simulators can be viewed as a viable solution to this problem. Some attention has been made to address this problem. Notably are efforts by Imetrix URV-Mentor system, which focuses on VE simulation and on-line tutoring. Simulators, however, represents additional costs and in some ways lacks the realism of working on the real system. In the R ² C the researchers proposed a novel simulator configuration. We have developed a dual-purpose topside control system configuration that can be used for training as well as for on-line operation of an actual URV. In the simulator configuration, the physical URV is replaced by a simulator module, which accepts actual commands from the control system and responds with a simulated URV status, using a dynamic model of the URV. The simulator module behaves much like the actual URV accepting commands and responds with status information. The advantage of such a system is perceived to be lower system cost as well as a more realistic testing and simulation of the relevant processes.     

Hard- and software simulation tools of emergency control system of turbine frequency and power regulators

The paper discusses the modeling of emergency control system of turbine frequency and power regulators using a hybrid real time simulator of electric power system. It presents the results of pilot simulation of frequency and power regulators ensuring dynamic and static stability in an electric power system.     

Aspen Dynamics simulation of a middle-vessel batch distillation process

Aspen Dynamics is a powerful dynamic simulator that is widely used to explore the dynamics and control of continuous processes around some steady-state design operating point. This paper explores its use to study the dynamics of a batch process. The example studied is a middle-vessel batch distillation system for separating a ternary mixture. The batch system is operated by adjusting the two reflux flowrates (one from the reflux drum to the top of the upper column and the second from the middle vessel to the top of the lower column). The liquid inventories in the three drums vary with time. This paper shows how this batch operation can be conveniently simulated by first using the steady-state simulator Aspen Plus to correctly size the equipment. Then the file is exported into Aspen Dynamics where a rigorous dynamic simulation can explore alternative control strategies by using the large library of control functions.     

飞机操纵系统建模及降阶仿真研究

通过对某型号飞机三轴（纵向、横向、侧向）操纵系统（机构操纵系统、增稳系统、自动加码仪系统）组成、结构及功能分析,建立了完整的数学模型。将系统分布参数分段集中化处理,在Ｍａｔｌａｂ环境下以模块化方式进行系统仿真得到了与实际系统静动态响应相吻合的仿真模型。由于飞机操纵系统模型的高阶非线性,采用“最小二乘参数拟合法”进行等效降阶处理,得到低阶带延迟环节的简化模型。这种以时域响应进行优化、频域响应进行验证     

基于OpenGVS半潜船操作模拟器视景系统的研究

为了满足半潜船作业人员学习和培训的需要,有必要在航海模拟器大环境下研发半潜船操作模拟器仿真系统。以船舶静力学为基础,实现了半潜船装载重大件货物的过程的动态稳性计算,以Visual C++6.0和OpenGVS场景管理软件为开发平台,研制开发了半潜船操作模拟器应具备的视景系统。该仿真系统实现了视点的转移和跟踪,通过设置在半潜船的驾驶台、甲板及外部三个虚拟相机,实时动态显示半潜船各种运动的状态,同时实现了半潜船操作模拟器几个模块间的相互通信,取得了很好的效果。     

Compensation for dead band of force measurement based on the coefficient of restitution in a hybrid simulator

In order to develop space robotic technologies, the feasibility and reliability of the systems have to be verified by repetitive operation tests. A hybrid simulator (also referred to as a Hardware-in-the-loop simulator) is one of the effective ways to examine orbital operations on the ground. The simulator embeds a hardware experiment in a numerical simulation loop. However, it is known that the hybrid simulator has a serious problem that energy increase arises in contact with a hardware experiment in the loop. In general, the energy increase in the hybrid simulator occurs due to the dead time in the system. However, this paper presents that dead band in force/torque measuring also causes the energy increase. The dead band in the force/torque measuring is necessary to avoid unexpected motion of the hybrid simulator due to the noise data in the force/torque sensor. This paper proposes two compensation methods for the energy increase problem due to the dead band. The first method is to insert a virtual damper to absorb the increased energy during the contact. The second method is to extrapolate force/torque data that is lost through the dead band processing right after the contact. The experimental verification with uniaxial contact in hybrid simulator is carried out to validate the proposed compensation methods.     

Intelligent scheduling and control of rail-guided vehicles and load/unload operations in a flexible manufacturing system

This paper presents a framework of intelligent manufacturing scheduling and control with specific applications to operations of rail-guided vehicle systems (RGVS). A RGVS control architecture is discussed with a focus on a simulated experiment in operations of the load/unload area of a real industrial flexible manufacturing system (FMS). In the operation stage of a material handling system (MHS), all shop floor data are subject to change as time goes. These data can be collected using a data acquisition device and stored in a dynamic database. The RGVS simulator used in this experimental study is designed to incorporate some possible situations representing existing material handling scenarios in order to evaluate alternative control policies. At the development stage of the controller, all possible combinations of most commonly encountered scenarios such as RGV failures, production schedule changes, machine breakdowns, and rush orders are to be simulated and corresponding results collected. The data are then structured into training data pairs to properly train an artificial neural network. The neural network, trained by using input/output data sets obtained from a number of simulation runs, will then provide control strategy recommendations. At the application stage, whenever an abnormal scenario occurs, a pre-processor will be activated to pre-screen and prepare an input vector for the trained neural network. If such an abnormal scenario falls outside the existing domain of data sets employed to train the neural network, as judged by the MHS supervisory controller, an off-line training module will be activated to eventually update the neural network. The recommended control strategies will be transmitted to the MHS control for real-time execution. If there is no further abnormal event detected, the dynamic data base (DDB) module simply continues to monitor the MHS activities. The proposed MHS control system combines the features of example based neural network technology and simulation modeling for true intelligent, on-line, pseudo real-time control. Not only will the system assure that feasible material handling control actions be taken, but also it will implement better control decisions through continuous learning from experiences captured as the operation time of the MHS accumulates.     

某雷达维修训练模拟器的设计与实现

维修训练模拟器应用于教学可降低对实装的损耗,训练针对性更强,效率更高。在分析某型雷达特性的基础上提出了虚实结合的设计思想,按照模拟系统与实装系统结构相同、功能一致,控制过程相同、逻辑一致的基本要求,规范了操作训练和维修训练指标,以及模拟器的体系结构。采用与实装一致的组合面板建立一个逼真的人机交互操作环境,通过虚拟装备和典型实装部组件构建系统硬件环境;采用虚拟装备分系统结合典型实装部组件,构建模拟维修训练环境,利用虚拟及真实测量工具实现装备维修模拟训练;设置信息交互接口,以实现与数据传输系统和仿真分布交互平台间的互联。该训练模拟器操作简便,可靠性高,为装备操作和维修提供了训练和考核环境。     

Dynamic virtual environment to test teleoperated systems with time delay communications

This paper presents a dynamic virtual environment tool for training operators and to prove different control schemes in telerobotic systems, and describes virtual reality environments used in teleoperated robotic systems. In the presented tool, the kinematic and dynamic model of the remote environment which is manipulating the operator is considered. The paper also describes how time delays in the communication channel can be easily added to the simulator, in order to analyze their effects in the teleoperated system. Finally, some experimental results achieved with this virtual teleoperated system are shown. With the presented dynamic simulator, different control schemes designed to overcome the time delay problem could be tested. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.