真空烧结—热锻高碳高钒模具钢CPM10V的组织和力学性能

用金相显微镜观察了由相对密度为８１％、８５％、９３％、９８％的４种ＣＰＭ１０Ｖ烧结体热锻成的材料经淬火，回火后的组织，测量了这些材料经热处理后的硬度、抗炫强度。结果表明，经相同的温度淬火，回火后，不同相对密度的烧结体的锻材度大致相同，要对密度为８１％、８５％的烧本的锻材，碳化物细小且尺寸和分布均匀，但抗弯强度较低；相对密度为９３％９８％的烧结体的锻材碳化物已发生长大，且出现了尺寸相差较大的两类碳化     

真空烧结—热锻高碳高钒模具钢CPM1OV抗弯断口的形貌特征

用扫描电镜观察了由相对密度为81％、85％、93％、98％的4种CPM10V烧结体热锻而成的材料的抗弯试样经淬火、回大后的断口形貌。结果表明：相对密度为93％、98％的烧结体锻材的抗弯断口形貌为准解理小平面上分布着许多小凹坑和凸起的小粒子；相对密度为81％、85％的烧结体锻材的抗弯断口形貌除上述特征外，还发现在局部区域有很大的凸出物和凹坑，这些区域具有光滑的曲面，无准解理平面。     

真空烧结温度对WC-TiC-TaC-Co硬质合金组织和性能的影响

采用高能球磨、真空烧结工艺制备WC-13(TiC+TaC)-8Co-1(VC+Cr3C2)硬质合金,研究了不同烧结温度对WC-TiC-TaC-Co硬质合金微观组织、力学性能和磁性能的影响。结果表明,提高烧结温度有利于提高合金的致密度,但是过高的烧结温度会导致晶粒长大,使合金致密度下降;合金的硬度、抗弯强度和矫顽力随着真空烧结温度的提高先增大后减小;相对磁饱和强度随着烧结温度的升高呈现下降的趋势;1 400℃烧结的合金综合性能较好,合金的相对密度99.6%、抗弯强度1 992 MPa,硬度92.3 HRA,矫顽力34.3 k A/m,相对磁饱和强度为76.5%。     

硬质合金真空烧结

本文讨论了硬质合金真空烧结的工艺制度原则及真空烧结炉的现状和发展。     

高碳高铬模具钢的脱氧与去气

本文通过Cr12Mo1V1类高碳高铬钢氧、氢、氮含量及残铝含量的大量炉号分析,并运用炼钢热力学平衡值进行计算,绘出在不同残铝含量情况下平衡氧和实测含量关系曲线图。同时结合冶炼工艺对该类钢冶炼脱氢、脱氮机制进行了探讨。     

铌对粉末冶金高钒冷作模具钢AHPV10组织及力学性能的影响

采用氮气雾化制粉-热等静压致密化的工艺路线制备了AHPV10和AHPV9Nb2两种粉末冶金高钒冷作模具钢.XRD相分析表明AHPV10和AHPV9Nb2退火态时的相组成为铁素体和MC型碳化物.通过碳化物粒度分析得出适量添加铌元素后使得AHPV9Nb2相对AHPV10碳化物粒度得到了细化.在1 120℃淬火,不同温度回火...     

高碳高铬冷作模具钢连铸应用开发

高碳高铬冷作模具钢由于其高度的裂纹敏感性,基本都采用模铸生产。宝钢特钢金属板带产线,利用立式连铸机成功地实现了连铸+热轧生产冷作模具钢。立式连铸机具有对称凝固好、组织均匀、夹杂物容易上浮等特点,由于连铸机没有弯曲和矫直的变形应力,特别适合生产裂纹敏感性钢种。以钢种Cr12MoV为例,通过对材料特性研究、成分优化设计以及冷却速度对凝固组织的影响等基础研究,结合连铸过程生产实践,介绍了宝钢特钢冷作模具钢连铸应用技术的开发过程。     

钼钨钒合金化热作模具钢高温回火组织演变

为适应热冲压技术的发展需求,开发了一种新型高热导率高耐磨性能热冲压用模具钢材料。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）等检测手段对钼钨钒合金化新型模具钢的高温回火性能与组织特征进行了研究。阐明了新型热冲压模具钢回火过程碳化物析出与演变规律。实验结果表明:实验用钼钨钒合金化模具钢材料具有良好的回火二次硬化性能,在500～600 ℃温度区间回火时,回火组织硬度上升;在600 ℃回火出现二次硬化峰值;当回火温度超过600 ℃后,组织软化程度明显,回火硬度开始下降。实验模具钢在高温回火过程中的硬度变化与其合金碳化物的偏聚、析出和聚集长大密切相关。当在560 ℃以下回火时,实验钢组织中未有合金碳化物析出;当回火温度大于560 ℃时,回火组织中开始析出M₂C型碳化物;当回火温度高于600 ℃后开始析出MC型碳化物;当在620 ℃长时间回火后M₂C型碳化物转化为M₆C型碳化物,此时实验钢硬度开始明显下降;而当回火温度高于660 ℃时,新型实验钢组织中主要为M₆C和MC型合金碳化物。      

新型耐蚀塑料模具钢的组织和性能

 研究了w(C)=039%和w(C)=053%的2种Cr17Mo型耐蚀塑料模具钢的组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能。实验结果表明：2种钢材经适当的淬、回火处理后,均具有较高的硬度和强度;在弱酸和氧化性酸(醋酸和硝酸)中,均具有良好的耐腐蚀性能。     

硬质合金真空烧结炉电发热体的设计与计算

真空烧结在硬质合金生产中应用广泛,本文对真空烧结炉电发热体的功率、结构以及发热元件的设计与计算均作了较为详细的介绍,对工厂技术人员有一定的参考价值。     

新型冷作模具用钢Cr10的研制与应用

论述了新型冷作模具用钢Crl0的成分设计、生产工艺、组织与性能以及试用情况，说明Crl0钢有较好的工艺性能、金相组织和综合机械性能，适合于制作中小型冷作模具。     

碳、钒含量对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响

在ωv/ωc≈3与ωv≈10%的条件下,研究了钒、碳含量对高钒高速钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明：高钒高速钢的耐磨性决定于硬度与组织.硬度低于HRC 57时,耐磨性主要决定于硬度;硬度超过HRC 57之后,耐磨性主要决定于碳化钒的数量、形态、分布与基体组织.ωv=8.15%～10.20%、ωc=2.70%～3.15%时,经适当变质处理和热处理,可使团球状或团块状的碳化钒均匀分布在经1 050 ℃淬火,550 ℃回火的坚硬基体上,从而获得优良的耐磨性能.     

Study on Microstructure Refinement of Vanadium and Nitrogen Microalloyed Low Carbon Bainitic Steel

The effect of relaxation treatment after finish rolling on microstructure and mechanical properties has been investigated for a vanadium and nitrogen microalloyed low carbon bainitic steel.Finer lath bainite microstructure can be obtained in the plate with relaxation.The results of quantitative statistics show that in the plate without relaxation,80% of the total bainite lath bundles are in the range 5-15μm in length and 3-13μm in width,while in the plate with relaxation 80% of the total bundles are in the range 3-9μm in length and 1-7μm in width.The mechanical properties show that the plate with relaxation has higher impact energy,yield strength and hardness than the plate without relaxation,also the comprehensive performance after tempered at 650℃ is superior to the plate without relaxation.     

Semisolid Slurry Preparation of Die Steel with High Chromium Content

The semisolid slurry preparation of die steels Cr12 and Cr12MoV with high chromium content was studied. The results show that the semisolid slurry of both steels with solid of 40%-60% can be made by electromagnetic stirring method and is easy to be discharged from the bottom little hole of the stirring chamber. The sizes of the spherical primary austenite in the slurry of die steels Cr12 and Cr2MoV are 50-100 μm and 80-150μm, respectively. The homogeneous temperature field and solute field for both steel melts are obtained. The strong temperature fluctuation in the melt with many fine primary austenite grains occurs and the remelting of the secondary arm roots at the same time is accelerated because of the electromagnetic stirring. These are the most important reasons for deposition of spherical primary austenite grains.     

Selection of Heat Treatment Process and Wear Mechanism of High Wear Resistant Cast Hot-Forging Die Steel

 Dry sliding wear tests of a Cr-Mo-V cast hot-forging die steel was carried out within a load range of 50-300 N at 400 ℃ by a pin-on-disc high-temperature wear machine. The effect of heat treatment process on wear resistance was systematically studied in order to select heat treatment processes of the steel with high wear resistance. The morphology, structure and composition were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS); wear mechanism was also discussed. Tribo-oxide layer was found to form on worn surfaces to reduce wear under low loads, but appear inside the matrix to increase wear under high loads. The tribo-oxides were mainly consisted of Fe3O4 and Fe2O3, FeO only appeared under a high load. Oxidative mild wear, transition of mild-severe wear in oxidative wear and extrusive wear took turns to operate with increasing the load. The wear resistance strongly depended on the selection of heat treatment processes or microstructures. It was found that bainite presented a better wear resistance than martensite plus bainite duplex structure, martensite structure was of the poorest wear resistance. The wear resistance increased with increasing austenizing temperature in the range of 920 to 1120 ℃, then decreased at up to 1220 ℃. As for tempering temperature and microstructure, the wear resistance increased in following order: 700 ℃ (tempered sorbite), 200 ℃ (tempered martensite), 440 to 650 ℃ (tempered troostite). An appropriate combination of hardness, toughness, microstructural thermal stability was required for a good wear resistance in high-temperature wear. The optimized heat treatment process was suggested for the cast hot-forging steel to be austenized at 1020 to 1120 ℃, quenched in oil, then tempered at 440 to 650 ℃ for 2 h.     

Influence of Vanadium on Fracture Splitting Property of Medium Carbon Steel

The fracture splitting property of medium carbon steel 37MnSiS microalloyed with V up to 0. 45% was investigated by using simulated fracture splitting test,for the development of new crackable medium carbon steel to manufacture high performance connecting rod. Conventional high carbon steel C70S6 was used for comparison. The results show that the volume fraction of both ferrite and V-rich M( C,N) particles increases,and the pearlite interlamellar spacing decreases with increasing V content,which in turn results in gradual increase of strength and decrease of ductility and impact energy. The fracture splitting property of the tested steel could be improved significantly due to the increase of V content mainly through the precipitation hardening mechanism of fine M( C,N) precipitates. The fraction of brittle cleavage fracture in the crack initiation area increases noticeably with increasing V content and full brittle cleavage fracture surface could be obtained when V content was increased to 0. 45%. It is concluded that medium carbon steel with V content higher than about 0. 28% possesses not only comparable or even higher mechanical properties with those of conventional steel C70S6,but also excellent fracture splitting property,and therefore,is more suitable to fabricate high performance fracture splitting connecting rod.     

真空烧结条件对钽粉物理性能的影响

研究了不同的真空烧结条件对钠还原制备钽粉的比表面积、表面微观形貌的影响。通过拟合得到不同比表面积钽粉的初始烧结温度、比表面积随真空烧结温度变化的经验方程,以及钽粉经高温烧结后比表面积变化拟合关系式。当在初始烧结温度以下进行烧结时,粉末的比表面积、微观形貌没有较大变化,当烧结温度高于初始烧结温度时,粉末的比表面积随真空烧结温度增加而减少,而粉末形貌表现为细枝晶粗大化。