膳食营养补充剂行业发展情况(三)

各国习惯及管制范围的不同,使得不同国家和地区对于营养健康产品的定义差距较大。介绍了中国、美国、欧盟、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本营养健康产品的名称、法规等。中国膳食营养补充剂一般作为预包装食品、保健食品和其他特殊膳食用食品。2018年中国已批准的保健食品功能排序前5位的分别为:增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳、辅助降血脂、抗氧化、通便。详细介绍了美国和澳大利亚的膳食营养补充剂市场情况,并且从市场和品种角度分别详细介绍了中国膳食营养补充剂的国际贸易情况,并分析了跨境电子商务为大健康产业带来的机遇和挑战。     

膳食营养补充剂行业发展情况(二)

各国习惯及管制范围的不同,使得不同国家和地区对于营养健康产品的定义差距较大。介绍了中国、美国、欧盟、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本营养健康产品的名称、法规等。中国膳食营养补充剂一般作为预包装食品、保健食品和其他特殊膳食用食品。2018年中国已批准的保健食品功能排序前5位的分别为:增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳、辅助降血脂、抗氧化、通便。详细介绍了美国和澳大利亚的膳食营养补充剂市场情况,并且从市场和品种角度分别详细介绍了中国膳食营养补充剂的国际贸易情况,并分析了跨境电子商务为大健康产业带来的机遇和挑战。     

膳食营养补充剂行业发展情况(一)

各国习惯及管制范围的不同,使得不同国家和地区对于营养健康产品的定义差距较大。介绍了中国、美国、欧盟、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本营养健康产品的名称、法规等。中国膳食营养补充剂一般作为预包装食品、保健食品和其他特殊膳食用食品。2018年中国已批准的排序前5位的保健食品功能分别为:增强免疫力、缓解体力疲劳、辅助降血脂、抗氧化、通便。详细介绍了美国和澳大利亚的膳食营养补充剂市场情况,并且从市场和品种角度分别详细介绍了中国膳食营养补充剂的国际贸易情况,并分析了跨境电子商务为大健康产业带来的机遇和挑战。     

2021年上半年营养健康食品进出口贸易情况及展望

营养健康食品主要包括保健食品、膳食补充剂、功能性食品、特殊膳食食品和营养强化食品等,属于新兴行业.通过对营养健康食品行业发展现状、国际贸易情况进行了梳理,尤其是2021年上半年进出口数据进行汇总整理,从进出口市场、热点品类、跨境电商等维度进行分析,对下半年国际贸易走势进行了预测,为行业监管和企业国际化提供支撑.     

脂肪替代品的最新进展（上）

一、前言 当今食品工业中低能量食品,特别是低脂肪食品的发展极为迅速,低脂肪或无脂肪乳制品已被广泛接受。这种消费趋势的变化,反映出人们对膳食结构与营养健康之间关系问题的关心程度日益加强。美国食品市场研究所1988年的一份研究表明,公众对膳食营养最关注的影响因子就是食品中的脂肪含量,这与美国健康保护部     

膳食纤维在特殊医学用途配方食品中的应用

特殊医学用途配方食品在糖尿病、肿瘤、肾病、肝功能衰竭、胃肠道吸收障碍等临床患者的营养支持和营养治疗方面起着举足轻重的作用。特殊人群的核心问题是消化吸收,肠道健康和肠道微生态平衡对营养物质的消化和吸收起着关键作用,膳食纤维,尤其是可溶性膳食纤维对于调节肠道菌群、维持肠道微生态平衡、促进消化道健康、降低血脂和胆固醇、提高免疫力、促进矿物质元素的吸收等方面具有重要的生理作用,其在特殊医学用途食品的开发、临床肠内营养治疗中起着重要作用。     

功能糖在植物蛋白饮料中的应用

随着经济的快速发展以及人们生活水平的提高,"天然"、"营养"、"健康"已经成为人们的一种殷切需求。本文对功能糖及我国植物蛋白饮料的发展趋势进行了介绍,并系统综述了功能糖作为一种健康的食品配料在植物蛋白饮料中的应用优势,并对未来进行了展望。     

碘—不可忽略的微量元素

随着科学的发展,人类已逐渐揭示出微量元素在生物体内的重要性.随着生活水平的提高,人们越来越重视膳食的均衡和营养的充足.而有一种微量元素,科学证明与人体健康、智能发育休戚相关,但难以从日常生活中获得,这就是碘元素.     

食品中膳食纤维的检测

膳食纤维是人类第七大营养物质,有极其重要的生理功能,如果膳食纤维摄取不当则会对人体产生不良健康影响和危害。为此,应当注重对食品中膳食纤维的含量检测,分析食品中膳食纤维检测的方法,确保人们对膳食纤维的针对性摄入,为人体健康提供保证。     

饮食营养、卫生与人体健康初探

当前因各种化学手段的广泛应用而使得农业产品得到极大丰富。人们在享用各种美味佳肴的同时常常因营养过剩和食品卫生问题而诱发各种疾病。因此,如何协调人体日常所需的营养和卫生制作美味食品以达到健康长寿的目的成为当前人们关注的重大问题。文章从膳食平衡、科学饮食和饮食卫生等三个方面对解决这一问题做了初步探讨。     

How Can Malnutrition Affect Autophagy in Chronic Heart Failure? Focus and Perspectives

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a disease with important clinical and socio-economic ramifications. Malnutrition and severe alteration of the protein components of the body (protein disarrangements), common conditions in CHF patients, are independent correlates of heart dysfunction, disease progression, and mortality. Autophagy, a prominent occurrence in the heart of patients with advanced CHF, is a self-digestive process that prolongs myocardial cell lifespan by the removal of cytosolic components, such as aging organelles and proteins, and recycles the constituent elements for new protein synthesis. However, in specific conditions, excessive activation of autophagy can lead to the destruction of molecules and organelles essential to cell survival, ultimately leading to organ failure and patient death. In this review, we aim to describe the experimental and clinical evidence supporting a pathophysiological role of nutrition and autophagy in the progression of CHF. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interplay between nutrition and autophagy may have important clinical implications by providing molecular targets for innovative therapeutic strategies in CHF patients.     

The Significance of mRNA in the Biology of Multiple Myeloma and Its Clinical Implications

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex disease that results from a multistep transformation of normal to malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the initiation and heterogeneous evolution of MM remain largely unknown. A fundamental step needed to understand the oncogenesis of MM and its response to therapy is the identification of driver mutations. The introduction of gene expression profiling (GEP) in MM is an important step in elucidating the molecular heterogeneity of MM and its clinical relevance. Since some mutations in myeloma occur in non-coding regions, studies based on the analysis of mRNA provide more comprehensive information on the oncogenic pathways and mechanisms relevant to MM biology. In this review, we discuss the role of gene expression profiling in understanding the biology of multiple myeloma together with the clinical manifestation of the disease, as well as its impact on treatment decisions and future directions.     

Abnormal Unsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolism in Cystic Fibrosis: Biochemical Mechanisms and Clinical Implications

Cystic fibrosis is an inherited multi-organ disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Patients with this disease exhibit characteristic abnormalities in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids in blood and tissue. Recent studies have uncovered an underlying biochemical mechanism for some of these changes, namely increased expression and activity of fatty acid desaturases. Among other effects, this drives metabolism of linoeate to arachidonate. Increased desaturase expression appears to be linked to cystic fibrosis mutations via stimulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase in the absence of functional CFTR protein. There is evidence that these abnormalities may contribute to disease pathophysiology by increasing production of eicosanoids, such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes, of which arachidonate is a key substrate. Understanding these underlying mechanisms provides key insights that could potentially impact the diagnosis, clinical monitoring, nutrition, and therapy of patients suffering from this deadly disease.     

Log Gaussian Cox processes and spatially aggregated disease incidence data

This article presents a methodology for modeling aggregated disease incidence data with the spatially continuous log-Gaussian Cox process. Statistical models for spatially aggregated disease incidence data usually assign the same relative risk to all individuals in the same reporting region (census areas or postal regions). A further assumption that the relative risks in two regions are independent given their neighbor's risks (the Markov assumption) makes the commonly used Besag-York-Mollié model computationally simple. The continuous model proposed here uses a data augmentation step to sample from the posterior distribution of the exact locations at each step of an Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm, and models the exact locations with an log-Gaussian Cox process. A simulation study shows the log-Gaussian Cox process model consistently outperforming the Besag-York-Mollié model. The method is illustrated by making inference on the spatial distribution of syphilis risk in North Carolina. The effect of several known social risk factors are estimated, and areas with risk well in excess of that expected given these risk factors are identified.     

Nutrition education: a questionnaire for assessment and teaching

It is generally recognized that there is a need for improved teaching of nutrition in medical schools and for increased education of the general population. A questionnaire, derived in part from a study of physician knowledge, was administered to first year medical students in order to assess their knowledge of various aspects of nutrition and metabolism, and as a teaching tool to transmit information about the subject. The performance of first year students was consistent with a generally educated population but there were surprising deficits in some fundamental areas of nutrition. Results of the questionnaire are informative about student knowledge, and immediate reinforcement from a questionnaire may provide a useful teaching tool. In addition, some of the subject matter can serve as a springboard for discussion of critical issues in nutrition such as obesity and markers for cardiovascular disease. A major barrier to improved teaching of nutrition is the lack of agreement on some of these critical issues and there are apparent inconsistencies in recommendations of government and health agencies. It seems reasonable that improved teaching should address the lack of knowledge of nutrition, rather than knowledge of official guidelines. Student awareness of factual information should be the primary goal.     

How Can a Polymeric Formula Induce Remission in Crohn’s Disease Patients?

Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory bowel disease whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. Among medical strategies, dietary therapy with exclusive enteral nutrition is recommended as a first-line option, at least for children, because it induces clinical remission and mucosal healing. Modulen^®, a polymeric TGF-β2 enriched formula, has good palatability and is widely used. For the first time in the literature, this review outlines and discusses the clinical outcomes obtained with this therapy, as well as the potential mechanisms of action of its compounds. It can be explained by its TGF-β2 content, but also by its protein and lipid composition. Further well-designed studies are required to improve our knowledge and to optimize therapeutic strategies.     

Analytical implications of routine clinical testing for omega‐3 fatty acid biomarkers

Blood biomarkers of omega‐3 (ω3) fatty acids can be used as markers of optimal health and disease risk. Rapid, high‐throughput and cost efficient fatty acid analyses would enable routine clinical screening for ω3 fatty acid status by health professionals. Clinical monitoring of ω3 fatty acid status of individuals would enable prevention strategies for cardiovascular disease and prenatal nutrition.     

Effect of octanoic acid-rich formula on plasma ghrelin levels in cachectic patients with chronic respiratory disease

Background  

For cachectic patients with chronic respiratory disease (CRD), conventional enteral nutrition formula is an optional treatment to maintain energy balance. The molecular mechanisms by which enteral nutrition formula controls appetite and weight remain unknown. We examined whether enteral nutrition formula rich in octanoic acids would increase plasma levels of ghrelin, an appetite-stimulating hormone produced in the stomach, in cachectic patients with CRD.     

酵母抽提物中海藻糖检测方法的研究

酵母抽提物亦称酵母味素,是将酵母细胞内蛋白质、核酸等进行生物降解,经加工而成的营养型天然调味料,符合目前“天然、营养、回归自然”之潮流。主要对酵母抽提物中海藻糖检测方法的研究。     

约束冗余参数模型预测控制及其在热交换过程中的应用

在系统阶跃响应的基础上,根据最小绝对误差准则,用一个具有少量冗余参数的模型逼近实际系统的阶跃响应,提出了一种有约束冗余参数模型预测控制算法.由于冗余参数模型的参数比非参数模型少得多,多步预测和滚动优化的计算量大为减小.为了校正模型逼近带来的误差,引入了PID反馈校正环节,从而有效地克服了模型误差的不利影响.最后利用热交换过程的阶跃响应数据进行了计算机仿真研究,使算法的有效性得到验证.