Solidification paths and carbide morphologies in melt-processed MoSi2-SiC In Situ composites

The present investigation was undertaken to elucidate the microstructural evolution of MoSi₂-SiC in situ composites produced by melt processing. An assessment of the existing liquidus projection was performed by a combination of thermodynamic modeling, analysis of solidification microstructures, and measurements of the thermal history during solidification. Results show that the quasibinary MoSi₂-SiC eutectic occurs at ∼2 at. pct C and 2283 K, rather than 8 at. pct C and 2173 K, as previously reported. The ensuing L+MoSi₂+SiC monovariant line runs almost parallel to the SiMoSi₂ binary and terminates at a ternary L ↔ Si+MoSi₂+SiC eutectic calculated at 1.5Mo-0.84C (at. pct) and ∼1670 K. The maximum amount of SiC that may be produced by solidification along the quasibinary isopleth is ∼37 vol pct, of which ∼35 vol pct grows as primary. Analysis of solidification microstructures shows SiC grows with the cubic β polytype structure (B3), while MoSi₂ grows with the tetragonal C11 _b structure. Primary SiC may grow as equiaxed particles, platelets, and hopper crystals. Coupled growth with MoSi₂ leads to SiC in the shape of thin ribbons, sheets, and needles. The facets of the SiC crystals were identified to be of the {111} and {002} type, in agreement with the periodic bond chain analysis. The predominant platelike morphology was shown to develop due to a re-entrant twin mechanism similar to that observed in Si and Ge.     

锻造对(TiB+TiC)增强钛基复合材料组织和高温性能的影响

利用Ti与B4C之间的化学反应，采用原位自生的方法制备了5％（体积分数）（TIB＋TiC）（4：1）／Ti-1100复合材料。用X射线和能谱进行了相分析，用金相显微镜（OM）和透射电镜（TEM）研究了锻造对复合材料组织的影响，并对铸态和锻造后的复合材料进行了高温拉伸对比试验。结果发现，利用该方法制备的复合材料中增强体分布均匀。锻造后复合材料由等轴状的α晶粒构成，α晶粒内部有大量的亚结构而且。晶粒的亚结构很不均匀，复合材料的强度和延伸率有很大的提高。锻造对复合材料的高温断裂方式也有明显的影响。     

TiC和TiB混杂增强钛基复合材料研究新进展

混杂增强是获得高性能复合材料的有效方法,它可以兼顾2种或多种增强体的特点,使之起到相互弥补的作用,特别是由于产生的混杂效应将明显提高或改善单一增强材料的某些性能,从而扩大材料设计的自由度。因此,对于TiB与TiC原位自生混杂增强钛基复合材料方面的研究将很有意义。本文从制备方法、界面与组织及性能方面对TiC和TiB混杂增强钛基复合材料进行了详细阐述。     

TiC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料的制备及力学性能

以MoSi2、Ti和B4C粉为原料,采用高温热压技术原位合成不同体积百分数TiC-TiB2强韧化MoSi2复合材料,研究了TiC-TiB2颗粒对MoSi2基体材料显微组织结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,采用MoSi2、Ti和B4C粉为原料进行热压原位合成是可行的.30%TIC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料的抗弯强度和维氏硬度分别达到468.3 MPa和17 070,与纯MoSi2比较,分别增加了63.2%和83.5%.随着TiC-TiB2体积分数的增加,TiC-TiB2/MoSi2复合材料的晶粒大小明显细化,断裂方式由沿晶断裂为主向穿晶断裂为主转变,强化机制是细晶强化和弥散强化.     

原位网状结构增强（TiB+La2O3 ）/TA19复合材料组织与力学性能研究

采用球磨和放电等离子烧结（SPS）技术制备出增强相呈网状结构分布的（TiB+La2O3）/TA19复合材料。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、 X射线衍射仪（XRD）等手段对复合粉末和复合材料的微观组织、物相结构和断口特性进行表征分析,通过万能试验机测试了复合材料的室温和高温力学性能。结果表明： LaB6颗粒的加入可以明显提高材料的抗拉强度。随着增强体含量的增加,复合材料的组织由魏氏组织向等网篮状组织转变;烧结后晶粒得到细化,力学性能得到提高。随着增强体含量的提高,复合材料的室温抗拉强度不断提高,延伸率下降。当LaB6的质量分数为0.2%时,复合材料的延伸率最好,为17.5%;当LaB6的质量分数为0.5%时,复合材料的抗拉强度最高,为1288 MPa,比基体合金提高了13.70%。强化机制主要为细晶强化和增强体的承载载荷的作用。在650 ℃时,复合材料的强度随着LaB6含量的提高而上升,当增强体质量分数为0.5%时,抗拉强度最高可达607 MPa,比TA19钛合金基体提高了10.31%。强化机制主要为增强体的载荷传递。本文研究了不同含量增强体的钛基复合材料在室温及高温下的力学性能,为钛基复合材料在高温性能上的应用提供了理论依据。     

Microstructure of the Ti3Al(Nb)/TiB composite produced by combustion synthesis

The combustion synthesis technique was used to produce the intermetallic composite α₂-Ti₃Al(Nb) reinforced with TiB fibers. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Neither the β nor the β₀ phase was found in the intermetallic matrix. The TiB phase with B27 structure existed in the form of polycrystalline faceted whiskers growing in the (010) direction of the unit cell. No defined crystallographic relationship between the TiB whiskers and the matrix was found in this investigation. W.Y. YANG, Postdoctoral Fellow, on leave from the University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, People’s Republic of China     

Size Control of In Situ Synthesized TiB2 Particles in Molten Aluminum

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - Aluminum-matrix nanocomposites offer advantageous properties over conventional aluminum alloys. However, controlling the size and size distribution of...     

不同碳源TiC/Ti复合材料的显微组织及力学性能

采用原位熔铸法制备了不同TiC添加量以及不同碳源(碳粉末、碳纤维和碳纳米管)的TiC/Ti复合材料,研究了TiC添加量和碳源种类对铸态和锻态TiC/Ti复合材料显微组织的影响,并对不同碳源制备的铸态和锻态复合材料进行了断裂韧性和室温压缩性能测试。结果发现,TiC/Ti复合材料主要由α-Ti和TiC组成;α片层宽度随着TiC体积分数的增加逐渐下降,TiC呈条状或片状。经过锻造,TiC呈近等轴状,α片层进一步细化。以碳粉末作为原位反应碳源制备的铸态TiC/Ti复合材料,断裂韧性较高,以碳纤维和碳纳米管作为碳源时,断裂韧性较低;以不同碳源制备的铸态复合材料,室温抗压强度和屈服强度无明显差异。     

TiB2含量对TiB2(p)/ZL205复合材料组织和耐蚀性的影响

以混合盐法制备不同TiB₂颗粒含量的TiB₂(p)/ZL205复合材料(其中TiB₂颗粒含量为2%,4%,6%,质量分数),通过热分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、电位极化测量和电化学阻抗谱测量等方法研究TiB₂含量对复合材料组织和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明:随着TiB₂颗粒含量的增多,复合材料凝固速度变慢,θ相析出量减少且析出温度由547.71℃降低到531.87℃。在铸态下,随着TiB₂颗粒含量增加,团聚物的数量和尺寸变大,晶间腐蚀和点蚀数量增加,自腐蚀电流密度(icorr)值提高,对电化学阻抗谱进行拟合,发现钝化膜电阻(Rf)以及电荷转移电阻(Rct)之和(Rf+Rct)逐渐减小,复合材料耐蚀性逐渐降低;经T6热处理后,复合材料中析出相的数量明显减少,且分布变得更加弥散,且随着TiB₂颗粒含量的增加,大尺寸颗粒团聚物内部变得更加弥散,复合材料耐蚀性逐渐降低。相比于相同颗粒含量铸态下的试样,T6热处理后晶间腐蚀和点蚀的数量相对减少,icorr值提高但幅度较小,(Rf+Rct)值明显提高,说明经T6热处理后复合材料耐蚀性有所提高。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ (TiC + SiC)/FeCrCoNi high entropy alloy matrix composites

In situ (TiC + SiC) particles (5 vol.％ and 10 vol.％, respectively)-reinforced FeCrCoNi high entropy alloy matrix composites were fabricated via vacuum inductive...     

Improvement of hardness and wear resistance of (TiC,TiB)/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation

The objective of this study is to investigate microstructure, hardness, and wear properties of three kinds of (TiC,TiB)/Ti-6Al-4V surface-alloyed materials fabricated by high-energy electron-beam irradiation. The mixtures of Ti+C, TiC+TiB₂, and Ti+B₄C powders and CaF₂ flux were deposited on a Ti-6A1-4V substrate, and then high-energy electron beam was irradiated on these mixtures. The surface-alloyed layers of 0.9 to 1.6 mm in thickness were homogeneously formed, and contained a large amount (30 to 44 vol. pct) of hard precipitates such as TiC and TiB in the martensitic matrix. This microstructural modification improved the hardness and wear resistance of the surface-alloyed layer 2 times and 6 to 9 times, respectively, greater than that of the substrate. Particularly, the surface-alloyed material fabricated with Ti+B₄C powders had a larger volume fraction of TiB and TiC homogeneously distributed in the martensitic matrix, and thus showed the best hardness and wear resistance. These findings suggested that the surface-alloying using high-energy electron-beam irradiation was economical and useful for the development of titanium-base surface-alloyed materials with improved hardness and wear properties.     

In Situ Characterization of Twin Nucleation in Pure Ti Using 3D-XRD

A small tensile specimen of grade 1 commercially pure titanium was deformed to a few percent strain with concurrent synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements to identify subsurface {10 $ \bar{1} $ 2} twin nucleation events. This sample was from the same piece of material in which a prior study showed that twin nucleation stimulated by slip transfer across a grain boundary accounted for many instances of twin nucleation. The sample had a strong c-axis texture of about eight times random aligned with the tensile axis. After ~1.5 pct tensile strain, three twin nucleation events were observed in grains where the c-axis was nearly parallel to the tensile direction. Far-field 3-D X-ray diffraction data were analyzed to obtain the positional center of mass, the average lattice strain, and stress tensors in each grain and twin. In one case where the parent grain was mostly surrounded by hard grain orientations, the twin system with the highest resolved shear stress (RSS) among the six {10 $ \bar{1} $ 2} twin variants was activated and the stress in the parent grain decreased after twin nucleation. In two other parent grains with a majority of softer neighboring grain orientations, the observed twins did not occur on the twin system with the highest RSS. Their nucleation could be geometrically attributed to slip transfer from neighboring grains with geometrically favorable 〈a〉 basal slip systems, and the stress in the parent grain increased after twin nucleation. In all three twin events, the stress in the twin was 10 to 30 pct lower than the stress in the parent grain, indicating load partitioning between the hard-oriented parent grain and the soft-oriented twin.     

The mechanism of formation of TiB2 particulates prepared by In Situ reaction in molten aluminum

By making use of a novel technique in which TiB₂ particulates are fabricated by an in situ reaction in molten aluminum, we have successfully produced TiB₂/Al composites. In order to reveal the characteristic of the technique, the mechanism of formation of TiB₂ particulates obtained by this method is studied in this article. Both theoretical and experimental results have shown that the TiB₂ particulates are formed by a diffusion mechanism when the molar fraction of aluminum in the preform is higher than 43.5 pct. In this case, the TiB₂ particulates are generally spherical, and their mean size is less than 2.0 μm. On the contrary, the TiB₂ particulates are formed by a solution-precipitation mechanism when the fraction is lower than 43.5 pct. In this case, the TiB₂ particulates are multifaceted, and the size of most particulates lies between 3.0 and 6.0 μgm.     

Effects of Solidification Conditions on Grain Refinement Capacity of TiC in Directionally Solidified Ti6Al4V Alloy

In this study, the effects of solidification conditions on the grain refinement capacity of heterogeneous nuclei TiC in directionally solidified Ti6Al4V alloy were investigated using experimental and numerical approaches. Ti6Al4V powder with and without TiC particles in a Ti6Al4V sheath was melted and directionally solidified at various solidification rates via the floating zone melting method. In addition, by using the phase field method, the microstructural evolution of directionally solidified Ti6Al4V was simulated by varying the temperature gradient G and solidification rate V. As the solidification rate increased, the increment of the prior β grain number by TiC addition also increased. There are two reasons for this: first, the amount of residual potent heterogeneous nuclei TiC is larger. Second, the amount of TiC particles that can nucleate becomes larger. This is because increasing the constitutional undercooling ΔT_c leads to the activation of a smaller radius of heterogeneous nuclei and a higher nucleation probability from each radius. At a cooling rate R higher than that in the floating zone melting experiment (R = 3 to 1000 K/s), the maximum degree of constitutional undercooling ΔT_c,Max has a peak value, which suggests that constitutional undercooling ΔT_c has a smaller contribution at higher cooling rates, such as those that occur during electron beam melting (EBM), including laser powder bed fusion (LPBF).

     

Microstructure of TiB2/B4C Composites with 1% Y2O3 Prepared by Co-Precipitating and in Situ Synthesis

TiB₂/B₄C composite with a TiB₂/B₄C mass ratio of 40/60, and with 1% Y₂O₃ was fabricated by using powders co-precipitated from TiCl₄ solution and B₄C powder. The microstructures of TiB₂/B₄C ceramic composites fabricated under different sintering temperatures were studied by microscope, SEM and TEM. The results showed that the composite was composed of B₄C phase and TiB₂ phase, with the B₄C being the matrix and TiB₂ the secondary phase. The size of TiB₂ particles was in a range of 1 × 6 μm, with an average particle size of about 3.1 μm. The size of TiB₂ particles increased with increasing sintering temperature. Twins were found in B₄C crystal. The size of inter-granular and intra-granular TiB₂ particles was 300 and 80 nm, respectively.     

Si对(Ti5Si3+TiBw)/TC11组织与性能影响

采用粉末冶金法制备原位自生网状(Ti5Si3+TiBw)/TC11复合材料,对其金相组织、微观形貌、力学性能与断口进行研究分析.结果表明:TiBw、部分Ti5Si3分布于基体颗粒周围,呈准连续网状分布;其余Ti5Si3分布于基体周围、β-Ti内、α-Ti与β-Ti相界处.随着Si元素的增加,原位生成Ti5Si3增多,α...     

Interfacial Reactions in Al-Mg (5083)/SiCp Composites during Fabrication and Remelting

The interfaces of aluminum alloy composites (5083) reinforced by SiC particles (as-received, oxidized 3.04 wt pct and 14.06 wt pct) were studied. The composites were fabricated by compocasting and certain samples were also remelted at 800 °C for 30 minutes. The reaction mechanisms between SiC _p and liquid Al and between the SiO₂ layer and Al(Mg) are discussed. The crystal boundaries of the MgO (or MgAl₂O₄) reaction products are believed to be the diffusion paths (or channels) during the interfacial reactions. A SiO₂ layer, formed by oxidation of the SiC particles prior to their incorporation into the melt, plays an important role in preventing the SiC _p from being attacked by the matrix. The interfacial reaction products are affected by both the alloy composition and the thickness of the initial SiO₂ layer.     

Thermal cycling In (α+β) Ti6Al4V alloy

Thermal cycling experiments of Ti6Al4V alloy in forged condition were perform in two phase (α+β) region and single phase β to two phase (α+β) regions. The tensile tests, microstructure observation and hardness were carried out before and after the cycling treatments. Thermal cycling in two phase (α+β) region between 950°C and 100°C resulted large decrease in tensile strength after 50 cycles. However, it increased after 100 cycles. The ductility exhibited large decreased for both the treatments. The cycling between 875°C and 100°C in this region exhibited initial decrease in strength after 50 cycles which further increased after 100 cycles. 150 and 200 cycles treatment did not show much change in strength. There was no much reduction in ductility after 50 and 100 cycles treatment. However, after 150 and 200 cycle treatment, it reduced to large extent. The cycling from single phase β region to two phase (β+β) region between 1150°C and 950°C after 50 cycle did not affect the strength to large extent. However, the treatment exhibited reduction in ductility for both: 5 minute and 3 minute socking at 1150oC. The extent of reduction being large for former compared to that for later. The hardness of all the samples including that for virgin sample exhibited very little variation. The microstructures of the alloy exhibited significant change in (β+β) phase morphologies. Similarly, the change in Young’s modulus, thermal expansion coefficient, dislocation density etc has caused the degradation of the alloy.