加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和烟碱的测定

为准确测定加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和烟碱的含量,以1,4-丁二醇和2-甲基喹啉为内标建立了同时测定加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和烟碱的气相色谱-氢火焰离子化法（GC-FID）,并测定了5个不同品牌的12个烟草材料样品。结果表明,该方法的检出限和定量限分别在0.02~0.22 mg/g和0.06~0.74 mg/g;回收率84.74%~98.81%;日内、日间精密度在0.15%~0.86%。所测样品中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和烟碱的含量分别在0~82.45 mg/g、116.31~204.98 mg/g和7.06~15.26 mg/g。所有样品中均检出丙三醇和烟碱。国内样品中1,2-丙二醇的含量比国外样品高。该方法前处理简单、灵敏度和准确度高,可满足不同加热不燃烧卷烟烟草材料中1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和烟碱的检测要求。     

环境温湿度对烟用香料在卷烟中转移行为的影响

为考察环境温湿度对烟用香料在卷烟中转移行为的影响,采用溶剂萃取和气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)对抽吸后主流烟气(MS)粒相转移率和滤嘴截留率进行了研究,并对数据进行了极差分析、灰色关联分析和典型相关分析。结果表明,环境温湿度对39种烟用香料的转移率有较大影响:①在湿度一定时,香料的平均MS转移率均在18℃下最高,在30℃下最低;香料的滤嘴截留率均在相对湿度(RH)40%下最高,在RH 60%下最低。②乙酸异戊酯、庚醛、D(+)-香芹酮等18种香料的MS粒相转移率与温度呈显著负相关,乙酸茴香酯、壬醛、D(+)-香芹酮等7种香料与湿度呈显著相关;乙酸异戊酯、壬醛、2-乙酰呋喃等19种香料的滤嘴截留率与温度呈显著相关,乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸异戊酯、异丁香酚等16种香料与湿度呈显著相关。③与24℃,RH 60%下的香料转移率(目标样本)对比,30℃/RH 60%和30℃/RH 80%下香料的MS粒相转移率与目标样本差异值较小,18℃/RH 80%和18℃/RH 40%下,差异值较大;18℃/RH 80%和30℃/RH 60%下香料的滤嘴截留率与目标样本差异值较小,18℃/RH 40%和18℃/RH 60%下,差异值较大。     

“江山”牌卷烟对小鼠免疫功能、SOD及LPO的影响

研究了"江山"牌卷烟对小鼠免疫功能、及对小鼠肝脏组织过氧化脂质(LPO)含量和超过氧化物酶(SOD)活性的影响。通过给小鼠染毒,观察"江山"牌卷烟对小鼠网状内皮系统吞噬廓清能力、对二硝基氟苯(DNFB)所致迟发型超敏反应、血清溶血素抗体的影响,采用硫代巴比妥酸比色法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定小鼠肝脏组织中LPO含量和SOD活性。结果表明"江山"牌卷烟可明显拮抗对照卷烟对小鼠DNFB诱导迟发型超敏反应的抑制作用,提高小鼠溶血素水平,小鼠肝组织中SOD的活性明显升高,LPO含量明显降低。与对照卷烟比较,"江山"牌卷烟可能具有提高小鼠免疫功能的作用。     

The epidermal engine: a commentary on epidermopoiesis, desquamation and their interrelationships

The physiology and methods for study of epidermal cell production are reviewed. The importance of desquamation to any consideration of epidermal cell population size is stressed. Techniques for the measurement of the rate of desquamation are described with particular emphasis on quantitative dansyl chloride clearance time methods. Although the rates of cell production and cell loss must be related, the possibility of aberrations from a strict equivalence are discussed. Finally, the questions of the control of epidermopoiesis and the changes that occur with ageing are discussed.
La fonction épidermique     

我国无公害烟叶生产的问题、优势及对策

分析了目前制约无公害烟叶发展的突出问题和烟草行业开发无公害烟叶的优势,提出了今后发展无公害烟叶生产的基本思路.开发无公害烟叶,首先需要良好的生态环境,同时要注意合理使用农药、肥料等外源物质,降低烟叶中农药残留和重金属含量.从宏观方面考虑,需要进一步加强有关无公害烟叶生产的法律、制度和体系建设.     

SPME及其与GC/MS联用在我国烟草分析中的应用进展

概述了固相微萃取技术的发展、基本原理、萃取条件和GC条件的选择以及固相微萃取与气相色谱/质谱联用在我国烟草分析中的应用进展。     

Influence of culture on social representation of wines produced by various methods: Natural,organic and conventional

The overall aim of the present study was to investigate the social representation of wines produced by various methods of wine production, in particular in relation to the concept of Distance to the Object (DO). The DO concept postulates that some participants will have a greater knowledge of the object (wine), feel more involved with it, and develop more practices related to wine, than other participants. We compared the social representations of French and New Zealanders of two levels of domain specific expertise (wine professionals; wine consumers) concerning three wine types, natural wine, organic wine, and conventionally-produced wine. Via a preliminary study, we validated our DO questionnaire. In the main analysis, results demonstrated French participants to have a higher level of involvement in wine than New Zealanders, and professionals to have higher levels on involvement, personal identification and capacity for action than consumers. New Zealanders expressed more knowledge and levels of practices than the French, and professionals more than consumers did. Results also showed that organic wine produced the most structured representations (i.e., participants more often quoted the same words) followed by natural wines, with conventional-wine representation the least structured. French participants’ representations were more structured than New Zealanders, and consumers’ representations more structured than those of professionals. Finally, by drawing on data concerning the frequencies, rank and valence of the words evoked by participants, we demonstrated differences in the content of participants’ social representations as a function of wine-production method, culture, and level of domain-specific expertise, demonstrating how these variables influence wine representation.     

Sociometric status as a predictor of onset and progression in adolescent cigarette smoking.

The relation between sociometric status and adolescent cigarette smoking was examined in a 1-year longitudinal study. Students in 6th, 7th, and 8th grades (N=1,630) were asked to nominate peers in their grade at school whom they liked and peers whom they disliked. These nominations were used to classify participants into one of five sociometric categories (popular, rejected, controversial, neglected, and average). Participants also reported their lifetime cigarette use at two measurements in consecutive school years. The results indicated that rejected and controversial adolescents were more likely than average adolescents to (a) report lifetime smoking at time 1 (T1) and (b) report onset of smoking at time 2 (T2). However, among adolescents who had already tried cigarettes at T1, rejected and controversial youth were not at increased risk for progression in total lifetime cigarette smoking (i.e., higher levels of total lifetime cigarette use at T2). Thus the results confirm that controversial youth are similar to rejected youth in their risk for onset of cigarette smoking during adolescence.     

Inequality as a way of life: education and social class in Latin America

This article presents a regional analysis of educational inequalities in Latin America, drawing on a variety of sources at the national and cross-national levels. It traces how inequalities in education tend to manifest themselves and which population groups tend to be the most affected. The persistence of inequalities is a curious social phenomenon that operates between the interstices of the political promise and pervasive social acceptance that schooling serves to promote social mobility, and the tangible evidence that there are serious gaps in the schooling of the poor, rural children, ethnic minorities, and women. The analysis of Latin America is particularly illustrative because it suggests that educational systems may grow more unequal over time, especially as private schools function as outlets for those seeking to escape the poor quality of public schools and as global norms disseminate the idea of education as simply another tradeable commodity.