温度对Cf/Al与TiAl自蔓延连接接头界面及性能的影响

采用自蔓延连接方法,在真空炉中利用中间层14Al-2Ni-3CuO实现了C_f/Al复合材料与TiAl合金的连接.在连接接头中,靠近TiAl侧,中间层与TiAl生成TiAl₃;靠近C_f/Al侧,中间层与C_f/Al生成 NiAl₃;在C_f/Al复合材料中,中间层的Ni原子扩散到复合材料中,在C_f/Al也有 NiAl₃生成.连接温度对接头界面组织及接头强度影响较大,随着连接温度的升高,中间层与TiAl生成的TiAl₃层厚度明显增加.接头抗剪强度先逐渐增大,在550℃时最高可达26.9 MPa,当连接温度达到600℃时,接头的抗剪强度迅速降低.连接温度较低时,断裂多发生在靠近中间层的TiAl侧;连接温度较高时,断裂多发生在靠近中间层的C_f/Al复合材料侧.     

Ti-Al体系含量对激光引燃自蔓延连接C_f/Al与TiAl接头显微组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

采用Ni-Al-Ti作中间层,通过激光引燃自蔓延方法对Cf/Al复合材料与TiAl合金进行连接,研究中间层中Ti-Al含量对接头界面显微组织和力学性能的影响。接头中发生了母材的局部融化,并在两侧母材处生成了γ-Ni0.35Al0.30Ti0.35、NiA l3和Ni2Al3反应层。接头缺陷(如气孔、裂纹)降低了接头的致密度,并作为断裂源使接头强度急剧下降。添加Ti-Al可以改善接头致密度,并增强中间层产物与Cf/Al复合材料的附着力。通过改变Ti-Al含量,可以控制接头缺陷。当Ti-Al含量为0.1时,接头中无裂纹产生,致密度良好,强度达到最高值24.12 MPa.     

浸渗-反应合成Cf/Ti-Al复合材料的反应机理

以Ti粉、纯Al和碳纤维为原料,采用浸渗-反应合成法研制了Cf/Ti-Al复合材料,根据DSC测试结果确定反应合成温度.结果表明:在后期加热过程中,随着反应温度的升高,TiAl3的含量先增多后减少,碳纤维与Al的界面反应逐渐增强,Al4C3和TiC逐渐增多,在高温阶段,氧参与反应,复合材料中有Al2O3生成.通过SEM和XRD测试分析了复合材料内部的显微组织及相组成,同时探讨了Cf/Ti-Al复合材料中各物相形成过程的反应机理.     

TiAl/Ti/Nb/GH99扩散连接接头的界面组织结构及接头强度

采用Ti/Nb复合中间层对TiAl与镍基高温合金(GH99)进行扩散连接.采用扫描电镜、电子探针和X射线衍射等手段对连接接头的生成相及界面组织结构进行分析,采用抗剪强度测试对接头的连接强度进行评价.结果表明,GH99/Nb/Ti/TiAl的典型界面结构为GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss/Ni3Nb/Ni6Nb7/Nb/(Ti,Nb)ss/α-Ti+(Ti,Nb)ss/Ti3Al/TiAl.当连接温度为900℃,连接时间为30 min,连接压力为20 MPa时,所得接头抗剪强度最高为273.8 MPa.随着连接温度的升高,界面组织结构及反应层厚度发生变化.当连接温度T>900℃时,界面处生成对接头强度有不利影响的Ni6Nb7反应层;根据试验结果,进一步分析了各反应层的形成过程,揭示了GH99/Nb和Nb/Ti/TiAl的界面扩散反应机制.     

Mg/Cu/Al接触反应钎焊工艺及元素扩散行为分析

采用铜中间层对镁合金与铝合金进行了接触反应钎焊,利用SEM,EDS研究了接头的微观形貌及组织结构,并对界面Cu元素的扩散行为进行了分析. 结果表明,铜中间层可有效阻隔镁与铝的接触反应,界面无Mg-Al系金属间化合物生成;相同温度下,Cu原子在Mg元素中的扩散能力远大于在铝中的扩散能力,导致Al/Cu侧在温度低于560 ℃时无法产生有效连接,且温度高于570 ℃时镁合金溶解过多,工艺区间过窄. 在565 ℃保温20 min可实现连接,但抗剪强度仅12.6 MPa. 采用低温长时间保温,随后高温短时加热的工艺可实现Mg/Cu/Al接头有效连接. 在475 ℃保温60 min,560 ℃加热7 min的条件下,接头强度可达31.2 MPa.     

以Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Fe合金为中间层的Ti3Al/TiAl瞬间液相扩散连接

采用瞬间液相扩散焊方法,以自主设计的Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni-Fe系新型合金作为中间层,实现了Ti₃Al基合金与TiAl异种材料之间的连接.利用扫描电镜、电子探针以及X射线衍射分析等方法对接头界面微观组织和物相进行了分析.结果表明,Ti₃Al/TiAl接头主要由富Ti相、Ti₂Al反应层、α₂-Ti₃Al相以及溶入了Al元素的残余中间层组成;随着焊接温度的升高,中间层与母材的溶解与扩散变得更加强烈,使得Ti₂Al反应层厚度增加,残余中间层的数量减少.抗剪测试结果显示,焊接接温度在880~1010℃范围内时,提高焊接温度有利于接头强度的提高;接头在室温下的最大抗剪强度达到502 MPa,在500℃下为196 MPa.     

Microstructure and formation mechanism of SHS joining between C_f/Al composites and TiAl intermetallic with Al–Ni–CuO interlayer

In this study, it was reported a novel approach for joining Cf/Al composites and TiAl intermetallic by selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis(SHS). Mixed powders of 14Al–2Ni–3CuO were used as the SHS interlayer, and differential thermal analysis test of Al–Ni–CuO interlayer was conducted to analyze the exothermic characteristic. Sound joint was got by SHS joining under the conditions of 600 °C, 30 min, and 5 MPa. The joint was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), and X-ray diffraction(XRD). TiAl3 and NiAl3 are, respectively, formed in the TiAl/interlayer and Cf/Al/interlayer interfaces. Reaction products of Ni2Al3, NiAl3, Al2O3, and Cu were observed in the interlayer. And the formation mechanism of SHS joining was investigated.     

Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合-扩散连接

采用(Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni)+W复合钎料作为连接层,在连接温度930℃,保温时间5min的工艺参数下真空钎焊Cf/SiC复合材料与钛合金.利用SEM,EDS和XRD分析接头微观组织结构,利用剪切试验测试接头力学性能.结果表明,钎焊时复合钎料中的钛、锆与C/SiC复合材料反应,在Cf/SiC复合材料与连接层界面生成Ti3SiC2,Ti5Si3和少量TiC(ZrC)化合物的混合反应层,连接层的铜、镍与钛合金中的钛发生相互扩散,在连接层与钛合金界面形成Ti-Cu化合物过渡层.对钎焊接头进行900℃,保温60 min扩散处理后,连接层组织达到均一化,母材TC4合金侧过渡层增厚.扩散处理后接头强度为99 MPa,较钎焊接头强度65 MPa提高了52％.     

超声作用时间对超声辅助瞬间液相扩散连接MB8/Ni/LY12异种金属接头形成的影响

采用纯镍中间层对镁/铝异种合金进行超声辅助瞬间液相扩散焊(U-TLP),实现大气环境下无钎剂快速有效连接。结果表明:在520℃时,超声10 s,Mg母材首先与Ni箔发生共晶反应,生成Mg_2Ni+α-Mg共晶液相,Al侧存在破碎的母材和中间层颗粒,无明显反应物。随着超声作用时间延长至15 s时,Al母材与Ni发生扩散连接生成Al_3Ni层。在超声30 s时,Ni箔消失,接头内产生大量Al_3Mg_2、Al_(12)Mg_(17),其严重影响了接头的连接,剪切强度仅为20.2 MPa。当超声时间为15 s时,剪切强度达到最大值31.2 MPa,断裂位置是接头中Al侧Al_3Ni层。     

TiAl与Ni基合金接触反应钎焊接头界面组织及性能

以Ti为中间层实现了TiAl与Ni基合金的接触反应钎焊。采用扫描电镜和电子探针等手段对钎焊接头的界面结构及生成相进行分析,并对接头剪切强度进行测试。结果表明:当钎焊温度为960℃时,钎缝主要由Tiss和Ti2Ni组成;当钎焊温度从960℃升高到1000℃时,钎缝中生成Ti-Al及Al-Ni-Ti化合物,典型界面结构为:GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss/Ti2Ni+AlNi2Ti+TiNi/Ti3Al+Al3NiTi2/Ti3Al+Al3NiTi2/TiAl;钎焊温度继续升高,Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2变得粗大,导致接头性能下降。当钎焊温度为1000℃,保温10min时,接头剪切强度达到最大值233MPa。随钎焊温度的升高,钎缝厚度先增加后减小。     

High strength and good ductility of casting Al-Cu alloy modified by PrxOy and LaxOy

A modified Al-Cu alloy with high tensile strength and ductility of about 574.0 MPa and 10.4%, respectively, was obtained by adding multiple rare earth oxides (Pr_xO_y and La_xO_y) as modifier. Compared with the unmodified Al-Cu alloy, the tensile strength and ductility of the modified sample were increased by 24.3% and 42.5%, respectively. The improvement both in the strength and ductility may attribute to the finer crystal grains and dendrites, more homogeneously distributed θ′ phase precipitates and the intermetallic compounds formed at the crystal grain boundaries as well as in the space of the dendrites.     

MOCVD growth and characterizations of BxAl1−xAs and BxAl1−x−yInyAs alloys

Zinc-blende B_xAl_1−xAs and B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs alloys have been grown on exactly oriented (0 0 1)GaAs substrates by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). The influence of susceptor coating, growth temperature and gas-phase boron mole fraction on boron incorporation into AlAs has been comprehensively investigated. It has been found that boron incorporation into AlAs could be enhanced and the optimal growth temperature range of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys changed from 580 °C to 610 °C when SiC-coated graphite susceptors were replaced by the non-coated ones. In this study, the maximum boron composition x of 2.8% was achieved for the pseudomorphically strained B_xAl_1−xAs alloys. AFM measurements show that RMS roughness of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys increased sharply with the increase of gas-phase boron mole fraction. Raman spectra of B_xAl_1−xAs alloys show a linear increase of the BAs shift with boron composition x. Based on BAlAs deposition, bulk B_xAl_1−x−yIn_yAs (x = 1.9%) quaternary alloy was grown lattice-matched to GaAs successfully. Moreover, 10-period BAlAs/GaAs and BAlInAs/GaAs MQW heterostructures were also demonstrated.     

Structural, mechanical and corrosion properties of TiOxNy/ZrOxNy multilayer coatings

Results on the deposition and characterization of TiO_xN_y/ZrO_xN_y multilayers, with bilayer periods of 20 and 400 nm, are presented. The coatings were deposited on TiNiNb alloy substrates by the pulsed magnetron sputtering method. The elemental composition, hardness, adhesion and corrosion resistance of the coatings were analyzed.As resulted from the XPS analysis, the individual layers consisted of a mixture of titanium or zirconium oxynitrides and corresponding oxides. X-ray analysis revealed that the coatings were amorphous. Only slight differences between the microhardness and adhesion values of the coatings with small and large bilayer period Λ were found. The experiments also showed that the multilayered coatings improved the corrosion resistance of the uncoated alloy and reduced the amount of ion release in artificial body fluids.     

Structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of SrxCa1−xO, BaxSr1−xO and BaxCa1−xO alloys

The structural, electronic, optical and thermodynamic properties of Sr_xCa_1−xO, Ba_xSr_1−xO and Ba_xCa_1−xO ternary alloys in NaCl phase were studied using pseudo-potential plane-wave method within the density functional theory. We modeled the alloys at some selected compositions with ordered structures described in terms of periodically repeated supercells. The dependence of the lattice parameters, band gaps, dielectric constants, refractive indices, Debye temperatures, mixing entropies and heat capacities on the composition x were analyzed for x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1. The lattice constant for Sr_xCa_1−xO and Ba_xSr_1−xO exhibits a marginal deviation from the Vegard's law, while the Ba_xCa_1−xO lattice constant exhibits an appreciable upward bowing. A strong deviation of the bulk modulus from linear concentration dependence was observed for the three alloys. The microscopic origins of the gap bowing were detailed and explained. The composition dependence of the dielectric constant and refractive index was studied using different models. The thermodynamic stability of these alloys was investigated by calculating the phase diagram. The thermal effect on some macroscopic properties was investigated using the quasi-harmonic Debye model. There is a good agreement between our results and the available experimental data for the binary compounds which may be a support for the results of the ternary alloys reported here for the first time.     

TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiN与TiN/TiCN/Al2O3/TiCNO多层涂层的组织性能比较

目的对比TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层的组织性能。方法采用化学气相沉积(CVD)技术在硬质合金基体上沉积TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN和TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO两种多层涂层。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析涂层的物相和组织形貌,采用纳米力学测试系统测试涂层顶层的硬度和弹性模量,利用显微维氏硬度计和划痕仪分别测量涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,利用往复式多功能摩擦磨损试验机研究涂层的摩擦磨损性能。结果顶层TiN晶粒为柱状晶,顶层TiCNO晶粒呈细针状。与顶层TiN相比,顶层TiCNO硬度更大,抗塑性变形能力更强。与以TiN为顶层的多层涂层相比,以TiCNO为顶层的多层涂层表面粗糙度、摩擦系数较大,结合强度较低。当磨损只发生在顶层时,耐磨性取决于顶层涂层的性能,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率为TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的1.2倍。当磨损进行到顶层与Al_2O_3层界面时,结合强度对耐磨性也有重要影响,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN的磨损体积和磨损率是TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的82%。结论与TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiN相比,TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO的顶层TiCNO硬度较大,抗塑性变形能力强,其顶层耐磨性较好。改善TiN/TiCN/Al_2O_3/TiCNO多层涂层表面粗糙度和结合强度将进一步提高该涂层的摩擦磨损性能。     

High temperature thermoelectric properties and energy transfer devices of Ca3Co4−xAgxO9 and Ca1−ySmyMnO3

The high temperature oxide thermoelectric materials of p-type Ca₃Co_4−xAg_xO₉ (denoted as p-Co349/Ag_x) and n-type Ca_1−ySm_yMnO₃ (denoted as n-Mn113/Sm_y) were prepared by the self-ignition method combined with a sintering technique. The influence of doping Ag and Sm on the thermoelectric properties of the corresponding materials was evaluated. The figures of merit, ZT, for the p-Co349/Ag_0.2 and n-Mn113/Sm_0.02 materials reached maxima of 0.20 and 0.15 at 973 K, respectively. The performances of thermoelectric devices constructed with the p- and n-type pairs were evaluated in terms of the maximum output power (P_max) and manufacturing factor. The P_max and volume power density for the four-leg devices reached 36.8 mW and 81.9 mW cm⁻³ at ΔT of 523 K, respectively.     

Preparation and thermal conductivities of filled tetrahedral LixIn1−xZnxSb and the related compounds

Li-filling in tetrahedral InSb and related compounds was attempted to investigate its effect on their thermal conductivities. Li-filled Li_0.2In_0.8Zn_0.2Sb, Li_0.4In_0.6Zn_0.4Sb, LiZnSb, and Li_0.16Ga_0.84Zn_0.16Sb sintered samples were prepared by powder metallurgy. The filled samples had much lower room temperature lattice thermal conductivities than those of the corresponding unfilled materials; the values of the Li_0.4In_0.6Zn_0.4Sb, LiZnSb, and Li_0.16Ga_0.84Zn_0.16Sb were 23, 45, and 72 mW cm⁻¹K⁻¹, respectively. Filled tetrahedral compounds such as Li_xIn_1−xZn_xSb might be good thermoelectric materials.     

基于Pro/E,Moldflow和MasterCAM平台下注射模的CAD/CAE/CAM

介绍了Pro/E在注射模具设计中的应用和基于Moldflow软件的注塑成形分析以及在MasterCAM环境下的CAM实现.通过实例,阐述了采用CAD/CAE软件进行注射模设计和分析的过程,并运用MasterCAM对该结构件侧型腔模进行了加工刀路设计,模拟其加工过程.采用CAD/CAE/CAM技术可以缩短产品的开发周期,提高设计质量.     

Laser ablation synthesis of actinide selenide, oxide and oxide–selenide clusters: AnSen, AnxOm and AnxOmSen [An=U, Np, Pu]

Actinide (An=U, Np, Pu) selenide, oxide and oxide–selenide molecular and cluster cations were synthesized by pulsed laser ablation of targets consisting of dilute mixtures of AnO₂ in a selenium matrix; selected lanthanides (Ln=Ho, Tm, Lu) were included for comparison. The compositions and abundance distributions of the molecules/clusters reflected distinctive f-element chemistries. Ablation of pure selenium resulted in Se_n⁺ clusters with n=2–9; the abundance distribution is compared with the high-temperature Se_n equilibrium vapor composition. Several types of molecular and cluster ions were synthesized during the ablation process. Binary metal selenides, MSe_n⁺ (n>1), presumably formed primarily via electrostatic attraction between co-ablated Se_n and M⁺. The compositions of binary metal oxide clusters, M_xO_m⁺ (x≤5) reflected the distinctive oxidation chemistries of the constituent metals. For the Ln_xO_m⁺, Lu^III was the highest oxidation state, whereas for An_xO_m⁺, oxidation states up to U^VI were exhibited. The formation of binary selenides and oxide clusters is attributed to the high volatility of selenium, which results in a dense ablation plume in which coalescence of MO_y, MO_y⁺, Se_n and Se_n⁺ is promoted. Among the most abundant clusters were AnO_mSe_n⁺, the compositions of most of which suggested aggregation of AnO_m⁺ with Se_n. The compositions of some AnO_mSe_n⁺ indicated Se²⁻ ions in analogy with O²⁻; thus, AnSe⁺ and AnOSe⁺ were produced along with AnO⁺ and AnO₂⁺, whereas both AnO₂Se⁺ and AnO₃⁺ were absent. The compositions of other AnO_mSe_n⁺, such as PuO₃Se⁺, indicated O–Se bonding, such as occurs in selenites. The feasibility of synthesis of metal oxide cluster ions by co-ablation of oxides and poly(acrylic acid) was assessed for UO₂ and Lu₂O₃. Oxide clusters were produced in appreciable quantities, but interpretation of the results was complicated by formation of complex ions from reactions with polymer fragments. Ablation of OH radicals resulted in species comprising M-(OH) as well as M=O moieties, the masses of which were often too similar to allow for definitive differentiation.     

Zn_2SnO_4和Zn_2Sn_(0.8)Ti_(0.2)O_4/C的制备和电化学性能(英文)

以SnCl4.5H2O、TiCl4、ZnCl2和N2H4.H2O为原料,采用水热法制备Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4纳米粉体。在此基础上,以葡萄糖和水热合成的Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4为原料,以碳热还原法制备Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料。利用XRD、XPS、TEM、恒电流充放电等方法分别研究Zn2SnO4和Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能。同时用非原位XRD、XPS和SEM分析Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料电极在充放电过程中的结构和形貌变化。合成的纯Zn2SnO4的首次放电容量为1670.8mA.h/g,循环40次后放电容量迅速衰减为342.7mA.h/g。而Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4/C复合材料的首次放电容量为1530.0mA.h/g,循环100次后容量还保持为479.1mA.h/g,与纯Zn2SnO4、Zn2Sn0.8Ti0.2O4和Zn2SnO4/C相比,电化学性能有较大的提高。