水-乙酸-糠醛三元体系相平衡数据关联与共沸精馏过程模拟

通过最大似然法,采用NRTL-HOC和UNIQUAC-HOC模型对水-乙酸、水-糠醛、乙酸-糠醛二元体系相平衡进行回归模拟,发现NRTL-HOC模型较适合于水-乙酸二元体系,UNIQUAC-HOC模型较适合于水-糠醛、乙酸-糠醛二元体系;选择UNIQUAC-HOC模型,根据二元相互作用参数推算出水-乙酸-相似文献   

醋酸正丁酯在共沸精馏稀醋酸中的应用

在稀醋酸提浓装置中用醋酸正丁酯与醋酸异丙酯作共沸剂,对其两者的投资、运行、消耗、能力、稳定时间等方面进行了比较。在PVA扩产过程中,回收采用醋酸正丁酯系统提浓稀醋酸投资省、消耗低、易稳定,可年创效益140万元。     

Aspen模拟乙醇-水体系的共沸精馏

针对某化工厂生产的质量分数为15％乙醇水溶液的提纯,提出共沸精馏的方法进行脱水处理.利用Aspen模拟工艺流程,首先对该股物料进行普通蒸馏处理,得到质量分数为95％的乙醇-水共沸物.然后,以苯为共沸剂,优化工艺参数,塔底得到质量分数为99.67％的无水乙醇,塔顶得到乙醇-苯-水共沸物.塔顶物料静置后分层,上层苯液可经过...     

共沸精馏回收乙酸仲丁酯的工艺流程参数优化

设计了一种用于处理乙酸仲丁酯副产物回收工业级乙酸仲丁酯的新工艺,并应用Aspen软件对该工艺中共沸精馏塔的理论塔板数、回流比、共沸剂的量、进料位置及进料温度和甲醇回收塔的理论塔板数、回流比及进料位置等工艺参数进行灵敏度优化与分析。最终优化后的模拟结果为：共沸精馏塔处理负荷按2.4 t/h计时,其塔板数为54块,塔顶的回流比为10,共沸剂进料量为1.8 t/h,进料位置为第30块板,进料温度为40℃,塔釜乙酸仲丁酯纯度99.0%达到工业级;与乙酸仲丁酯共沸精馏塔配套负荷的甲醇回收塔,理论板数为24块,塔顶的回流比为8,原料液进料为第20块板,甲醇纯度达到96%以上,甲醇含水量小于0.15%,达到工业一等品质量要求。经济效益分析的结果表明本工艺具有良好的经济效益。     

乙酸仲丁酯为溶剂的乙酸脱水过程模拟及优化

乙酸脱水是精对苯二甲酸生产过程中实现乙酸回收的一个重要的生产环节。文中从节能降耗角度出发,提出采用乙酸仲丁酯(SBA)作为乙酸脱水过程的萃取剂和共沸剂,替代传统工艺中使用乙酸异丁酯(IBA)溶剂。采用Aspen Plus软件对江苏某石化企业的乙酸脱水单元进行模拟,分析采用SBA溶剂替代IBA的可行性,并对工艺过程进行系统的优化研究。稳态模拟分析结果表明:采用SBA作为乙酸脱水过程的萃取剂和共沸剂,在原有工艺参数基本不变的条件下,将乙酸脱水塔油相回流比从0.83调整至0.84,水相回流比从0.22调整至0.234,就可达到乙酸脱水系统的设计要求,同时节省蒸汽消耗2.71×10~(4 ) t/a,减少共沸剂损失578 t/a。     

非均相共沸间歇精馏模拟

提出了非均相共沸间歇精馏过程计算模型。将共沸精馏塔分为再沸器，塔体，冷凝器和液相分层器几部分，用Newton-Raphson法与泡点法结合对这4个部分进行迭代计算。经实例模拟表明，操作条件指定合理，本模型只需要用很简单的初值，能以较快的速度收敛到正确解。本模型对间歇精馏操作具有一定的指导作用。     

催化精馏制备乙酸正丁酯

在新型催化精馏装置中,以K2641强酸型阳离子交换树脂为催化剂,中性氧化铝为填充剂,乙酸和正丁醇为原料,连续反应合成乙酸正丁酯。考察了酸醇投料摩尔比、混合液的进料流量、催化剂的填充密度等因素对反应过程的影响。在此条件下:n(乙酸)∶n(正丁醇)=1.10∶1.00的摩尔投料比,乙酸和正丁醇混合液的滴加速度为100~125 mL/h,催化剂的填充密度为0.11~0.07 g/cm3,得到的乙酸正丁酯的质量分数达98.0%以上。同时,简单介绍了新型反应器的工作原理。     

醋酸水体系共沸精馏过程的模拟研究

利用PRO/II软件对醋酸-水-醋酸丁酯体系的共沸精馏进行模拟计算,用Hayden-O’Connell方程计算气相逸度系数,用NRTL方程计算液相活度系数。用实验数据验证模拟结果,结果表明,模拟计算所得的沿塔温度和各组分浓度分布曲线与实验数据相吻合,醋酸-水-醋酸丁酯体系的精馏是一个汽-液-液三相共沸精馏,加料口以上为三相区,加料口附近为三相到两相的过渡区,加料口以下为两相区。     

反应精馏生产乙酸正丁酯分析与优化

使用了Aspen Plus11.1模拟正丁醇与乙酸反应精馏生成乙酸正丁酯的反应精馏过程,对进料温度、回流比和进料位置进行了优化分析,得到了最佳工艺参数:进料温度常温;回流比为1;进料位置为第六块塔板。另外,模拟得到了反应精馏塔的温度和浓度分布,为指导乙酸正丁酯的工业生产提供了理论参考。     

乙酸与丁醇酯化反应精馏过程

对乙酸和丁醇酯化反应精馏进行了实验研究和数学模拟．以Hayden-O’Connell公式和“化学理论”计算逸度系数,以NRTL方程计算活度系数,从而为模拟过程提供了较为准确的热力学数据,数学模型采用松弛法求解,计算结果和实验结果吻合良好．     

工业醋酸脱水过程五元体系非均相共沸精馏的流程模拟

针对以醋酸正丙酯为共沸剂的醋酸脱水过程,考虑醋酸溶剂中未反应的前体对二甲苯以及反应的副产物醋酸甲酯的影响及回收利用,分别选用HOC和UNIQUAC模型来修正体系中五元混合物系的汽液非理想性,通过拟合醋酸甲酯-对二甲苯和醋酸正丙酯-对二甲苯两体系的二元汽液平衡实验数据获得了该两组体系UNIQUAC模型的二元交互作用参数,借助模拟软件Aspen Plus,结合软件内置其他二元体系参数,对工业醋酸脱水塔系包括溶剂脱水塔、PX回收塔、共沸剂回收塔在内的三塔体系进行系统的分析模拟,得到了与工艺数据误差小于±6%的能正确描述工业醋酸脱水塔系操作特性的工艺机理稳态模型,为工业醋酸脱水过程工艺的进一步研究提供理论基础和依据。     

醋酸-对二甲苯-水体系共沸精馏的模拟分析

采用Aspen Plus11.1化工流程模拟软件,对扬子石油化工有限公司化工厂精对苯二甲酸(PTA)装置的溶剂脱水塔生产过程进行了模拟计算,采用NRTL-HOC热力学计算模型,并进行热力学参数修正,通过调整塔板数、热负荷、进料位置、操作压力、对二甲苯(PX)采出位置等操作参数,得出各塔的最佳工艺条件。在最佳工艺条件下,分析了此分离过程的能耗问题。模拟结果表明,溶剂脱水塔分离得到的醋酸、水、PX均能达到产品质量要求,工艺流程合理、可靠。     

Comparison of continuous homogenous azeotropic and pressure-swing distillation for a minimum azeotropic system ethyl acetate/n-hexane separation

Continuous homogenous azeotropic distillation (CHAD) and pressure-swing distillation (PSD) are explored to separate a minimum-boiling azeotropic system of ethyl acetate and n-hexane. The CHAD process with acetone as the entrainer and the PSD process with the pressures of 0.1 MPa and 0.6 MPa in two columns are designed and simulated by Aspen Plus. The operating conditions of the two processes are optimized via a sequential modular approach to obtain the minimum total annual cost (TAC). The computational results show that the partially heat integrated pressure-swing distillation (HIPSD) has reduced in the energy cost and TAC by 40.79% and 35.94%, respectively, than the conventional PSD, and has more greatly reduced the energy cost and TAC by 62.61% and 49.26% respectively compared with the CHAD process. The comparison of CHAD process and partially HIPSD process illustrates that the partially HIPSD has more advantages in averting the product pollution, energy saving, and economy.     

异丙醇-水间歇共沸精馏模拟研究

运用两点隐含法求解间歇共沸精馏过程平衡级恒摩尔持液模型的非线性刚性方程组。以异丙醇-水-环己烷为例进行模拟计算,并将模拟计算结果同实验结果相比较。结果表明,当共沸剂塔顶回流的回流比为1∶5时,分离得到的异丙醇浓度可以达到99.5%(质量分数);异丙醇的收率最高,最大收率可达78%;模拟计算结果与实验结果吻合得较好,模拟计算可以反映实际过程。     

间歇共沸精馏分离乙二醇单甲醚-水物系

通过绘制乙二醇单甲醚-水-共沸剂的简捷剩余曲线,提出了以乙酸异丙酯作为间歇共沸精馏法分离乙二醇单甲醚-水物系的共沸剂。然后完成剩余曲线数据的测定实验,根据实验数据绘制乙二醇单甲醚-水-乙酸异丙酯三元物系的剩余曲线图,确定了乙二醇单甲醚-水共沸物系的分离工艺。并通过实验研究了共沸剂加入量对乙二醇单甲醚回收率的影响,从而确定了适宜的共沸剂配比：当共沸剂与原料中水的质量比为2～2.5时,乙二醇单甲醚的一次性收率在90%以上。     

Design and control of acetic acid dehydration system via heterogeneous azeotropic distillation

Acetic acid dehydration is an important operation in the production of aromatic acid, such as terephthalic acid or in the manufacture of cellulose acetate. Although acetic acid and water does not form azeotrope, but using simple distillation to separate these two components is not practical. The reason is because the system has tangent pinch on the pure water end, thus it is more customary in industry to use an entrainer via a heterogeneous azeotropic distillation column system for the separation. In this study, a suitable entrainer is selected from three candidate acetates through rigorous steady-state simulation of this system. Optimum process design and operating condition are determined to keep high-purity bottom acetic acid composition and also keep a small acetic acid loss through top aqueous draw. Furthermore, the overall control strategy of this column system is proposed to hold both bottom and top product specifications in spite of feed rate and feed composition load disturbances. The proposed overall control strategy is very simple requiring only one tray temperature control loop inside the heterogeneous azeotropic column.     

变压精馏分离乙酸甲酯-甲醇-乙酸乙酯体系的设计与控制

聚丙烯醇的生产过程会产生乙酸甲酯-甲醇-乙酸乙酯共沸混合物,如果不及时处理,必然会造成环境污染和资源浪费。本文采用变压精馏的方式,针对乙酸甲酯-甲醇-乙酸乙酯体系设计了两种产品顺序不同的变压精馏分离序列,并采用遗传算法以年度总费用最小为目标,对两种分离序列进行优化设计以获得最优的设计参数。优化结果表明,两种变压精馏分离方案的设备投资费用分别为5.6×10⁵ USD/a和5.7×10⁵ USD/a,能耗费用分别为8.8×10⁵USD/a和1.0×10⁶USD/a。此外,对具有经济优势的变压精馏分离方案进行了控制结构的构建,使该过程在面对进料流量扰动和进料组分扰动时仍能维持稳定,稳定之后的三种产品纯度仍能维持在设定值附近。     

Homogeneous azeotropic distillation: Comparing entrainers

In this article, we present practical solutions (in the case of entrainers which add no azeotropes) to two problems of industrial relevance: Given a binary azeotrope which we want to separate into pure components, and a set of candidate entrainers, how do we determine which one is the best? Also, for each of these entrainers, what is the flowsheet of the feasible separation sequence(s)? We obtain these solutions by analyzing in details the mechanisms by which heavy, intermediate and light entrainers make separation feasible, using the new notions of equivolatility curves, of isovolatility curves and of local volatility order. We show that the second question finds an easy solution from the volatility order diagram. This analysis shows that a good entrainer is a component which “breaks” the azeotrope easily (i.e., even when its concentration is small) and yields high relative volatilities between the two azeotropic constituents. Because these attributes can be easily identified in an entrainer from the equivolatility curve diagram of the ternary mixture azeotropic component #1 — azeotropic component #2 — entrainer, we can easily compare entrainers by examining the corresponding equivolatility curve diagrams. Finally, we demonstrate the validity and limits of this method with examples.     

Hybrid reactive distillation systems for n-butyl acetate production from dilute acetic acid

The recovery of dilute acetic acid, regarding as a waste stream in many chemical and petrochemical processes, becomes an important issue due to economic and environmental awareness. In this work, a simulation study on the direct utilization of dilute acetic acid to produce n-butyl acetate via esterification with butanol in a reactive distillation is presented by using Aspen Plus. The performance of a hybrid reactive distillation with a pretreatment unit, i.e., a conventional distillation or a pervaporation, is investigated. For a single reactive distillation system, it is found that higher overall energy of the system is required when the concentration of acetic acid is lowered. By considering the enrichment of acetic acid in the reactive distillation column feed from 35 to 65 wt.%, a hybrid pervaporation–reactive distillation requires lower energy than both the conventional distillation–reactive distillation system and the single reactive distillation.     

Energy saving in acetic acid process using an azeotropic distillation column with a side stripper

Dilute acetic acid is obtained primarily from fermentation and synthesis processes and cannot be produced by simple distillation due to relatively low volatility of acetic acid compared to water. Instead, an azeotropic distillation is applied to increase the concentration of dilute acetic acid. When acetic acid is extracted from a dilute aqueous solution using a solvent mixture of ester and alcohol, its recovery requires an energy-intensive azeotropic distillation. In the water stripping process that follows azeotropic distillation, two distillation columns handle the acetic acid and water mixture in similar composition. Therefore, the two columns can be combined as a side stripper connected to the azeotropic distillation column. The energy-saving effect is examined with the HYSYS (Aspentech Corporation) evaluation of the process. Compared to the conventional process, the modified process suggests 39% reduction in heating duty and 24% coolant savings. The economic analysis shows 32% decrease in investment and 36% utility savings. Based on heat utilization analysis, the thermodynamic efficiency is enhanced by 11%.