ICP-MS法测定日用瓷微量溶出铅镉的研究

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP—MS)法，用4％乙酸溶液萃取分离Pb、Cd，对日用瓷表面微量溶出元素Pb和Cd进行了分析。对影响其测量的各种因素进行了较为详细的研究，确定了实验的最佳测定条件。结果表明，方法的检出限为：0．03(Pb)和0．02μg／L(Cd)，回收率为92．79％—109．09％，RSD小于3．46％。该法应用于日用瓷中的微量溶出铅镉的测定准确、快速、简便。     

用氨基酸共聚物/氰桥配位聚合物修饰电极同位镀铋溶出伏安法测定微量铅、镉离子

本文在玻碳电极基底上,采用多重电化学聚合法制备了氨基酸共聚物/含钕离子杂金属氰桥配位聚合物复合修饰电极(Aminoacid copolymer/Nd(III)-Fe(III)-WO42-Cy HMCPs/GCE)。在此工作电极上,用示差脉冲伏安法研究了Pb2+、Cd2+的阳极溶出伏安行为,利用同位镀铋法解决了待测离子间的相互干扰。基于这种环境友好的伏安测定原理,建立了无汞电化学法同时测定微量Pb2+、Cd2+的新方法,可将Pb2+、Cd2+的定量检测范围扩展至四个数量级;Pb2+、Cd2+溶出峰电流值与其浓度在0.01～1.0μmol/L、1.0～100μmol/L范围内呈现两段线性关系,检出限(S/N=3)分别为4.4、3.3 nmol/L。     

阳极溶出伏安法同时测定海水中铜、铅、镉、锌

采用微分脉冲阳极溶出伏安法同时测定了海水中Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn4种痕量元素,在选定最佳实验条件下,通过标准加入法对海水的Cu、Pb、Cd、Zn进行分析,其相对标准偏差分别为5.6%、4.6%、1.80%、1.98%,而回收率分别为98.0%～105.6%、95.3%～106.5%、90.0%～107.4%和90.8%～103.5%,测定结果令人满意。     

ICP-AES法测定日用陶瓷器皿中铅和镉的溶出量

建立了电感耦合等离子体-原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定日用陶瓷器皿中铅和镉溶出量的测定方法。结果表明:采用ICP-AES测定日用陶瓷器皿中溶出的Pb和Cd,相关系数r可达0.9999以上,加标回收率97~104%,相对标准偏差小于3.7%。方法快速简便、检出限低、精密度好,结果令人满意。     

金电极线性扫描溶出伏安法测定菠菜中的重金属Pb

采用金电极线性扫描溶出伏安法对菠菜中的重金属Pb进行测定,结果显示对Pb(Ⅱ)测定具有较高准确度,检出限为1.5×10-6g·L-1,回收率在97.4%~102.6%,RSD为2.36%。该法仪器简单、操作简便,测定Pb的灵敏度可达到原子吸收法水平,通过改善工作电极富集能力,进一步提高灵敏度,即可实现多种元素的连续快速测定。     

壳聚糖-多壁碳纳米管修饰电极溶出伏安法测定食品中的铅、铜

目的:考察并优化壳聚糖(CTS)-多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)修饰电极溶出伏安法测定Pb、Cu的条件。方法:将MWCNT分散于CTS溶液修饰玻碳电极作为工作电极,采用差分脉冲溶出伏安法对Pb、Cu进行连续测定。结果:选择pH值为4.5的0.5mol·L-1的HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液为底液,富集电位为-1.1V,富集时间180s,Pb、Cu溶出峰在10~200μg·L-1范围呈良好线性关系,检出限分别为1.5×10-6、1.2×10-6g·L-1,RSD分别为2.42%、4.19%,回收率在99.2%~102.9%。结论:该法仪器简单、环保,操作简便,测定食品中Pb、Cu的结果与石墨炉原子吸收法一致,可实现多种元素的连续快速测定。     

化学修饰碳糊电极对环境水样中微量铅、镉离子的连续电化学测定

报道了用8-羟基喹啉作碳糊电极的修饰剂,测定环境体系中微量铅、镉离子的电化学方法.该电极在KNO3(pH=4.0)中,用吸附溶出伏安法测定Pb2+、Cd2+,在-0.56V(vs,SCE)和-0.84V处有灵敏溶出峰,峰电流与铅的浓度在(3.0×10-8～4.5×10-6)mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,与镉的浓度在(4.0×10-8～3.5×10-6)mol/L的范围内呈良好的线性关系,该方法用于水样中铅、镉的测定,检出限为3.0×10-9mol/L(Pb2+)和5.0×10-9mol/L(Cd2+).     

同一固废全消解液中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn的原子吸收光谱测定方法研究

建立了固废中包括Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Mn等5种微量、痕量有害金属元素的原子吸收光谱测定方法。试验对微波消解条件、称样量、测定介质与仪器条件等进行了研究,试样经HNO3-HF微波消解,HClO4破坏有机质,在选定的试验条件下,使用原子吸收光谱仪对同一份样品中的痕量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd和Mn进行连续测定。在仪器最佳工作条件下,方法检出限为:Cu0.037mg/L,Pb0.294mg/L,Zn0.030mg/L,Cd0.015mg/L,Mn0.022mg/L。相对标准偏差(RSD):Cu为3.1%,Pb为2.5%,Zn为4.0%,Cd为6.6%,Mn为4.2%。经过国家一级标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合较好。方法操作简单、可靠,可用于批量样品分析。     

DVD-Ag电极阳极溶出伏安法测定枸杞子中铅和镉残留

建立了利用DVD-Ag电极阳极溶出伏安法同时快速测定铅和镉的方法,并考察了I^-对电极上的铅和镉溶出分析的影响。利用该方法测定了枸杞子中铅和镉的残留含量。结果表明,优化实验条件下,在5～50μg/L浓度范围内,Pb-对电极上的铅和镉溶出分析的影响。利用该方法测定了枸杞子中铅和镉的残留含量。结果表明,优化实验条件下,在5～50μg/L浓度范围内,Pb⁽²⁺⁾和Cd(2+)和Cd⁽²⁺⁾的溶出峰电流与Pb(2+)的溶出峰电流与Pb⁽²⁺⁾和Cd(2+)和Cd⁽²⁺⁾的浓度呈线性相关,相关系数分别为0.992 3和0.995 3,Pb(2+)的浓度呈线性相关,相关系数分别为0.992 3和0.995 3,Pb⁽²⁺⁾和Cd(2+)和Cd⁽²⁺⁾的检出限分别为0.2μg/L和2.6μg/L(S/N=3)。对该方法进行了方法学考察,包括精密度、稳定性和回收率,结果均符合相关要求。枸杞子中Pb(2+)的检出限分别为0.2μg/L和2.6μg/L(S/N=3)。对该方法进行了方法学考察,包括精密度、稳定性和回收率,结果均符合相关要求。枸杞子中Pb⁽²⁺⁾和Cd(2+)和Cd⁽²⁺⁾的残留含量测定结果与经典的电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)一致性较好,表明该方法可用于枸杞子中铅和镉的残留量的检测。     

牡丹皮药材-饮片-配方颗粒中5种重金属的含量及溶出特性研究

通过原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法分别测定牡丹皮药材、饮片、配方颗粒及不同提取物中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)、铜(Cu)5种重金属的含量。结果表明,所有牡丹皮样品中5种重金属含量均在《中国药典》和《药用植物及制剂进出口绿色行业标准》规定的标准限下,且5种重金属的含量高低顺序为CuAsPbCdHg。牡丹皮药材中Pb、Cu含量高于饮片及配方颗粒中的含量,而Cd、Hg、As 3种元素含量则低于饮片或配方颗粒中的含量。3种提取物中检测出的重金属含量高低为AsCdHg,均未检测出Pb、Cu,牡丹皮水提液、醇提液中As的溶出率最高,分别为86.67%、70.00%,其次是Hg在水提液中的溶出率为60.91%。方法简便快速、灵敏度高、干扰较少、结果可靠。研究结果可为进一步控制牡丹皮药材中重金属含量提供参考,为保证牡丹皮药材品质及用药安全性评价提供依据。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。