不同厂家直缝埋弧焊钢管的主要性能差异

通过对比测试采用不同厂家生产的钢板制成同规格、同钢级JCOE钢管成分、拉伸和冲击等性能,同时分析了不同厂家钢管的主要性能差异。结果表明,国内钢厂钢管比国外钢厂钢管具有较好的强度和低温夏比冲击韧性,其中钢管的屈服强度比国外钢厂钢管的屈服强度高33MPa,其母材冲击功比国外钢厂的要高107J;同时从基体成分分析了直缝埋弧焊管强度和韧性高于国外钢厂焊管的原因。     

冷成型制管对钢材力学性能的影响

对冷成型直缝焊接圆钢管弯制前的原料板材和弯制后的管材的力学性能变化进行了试验对比研究。结果表明：管材的屈强比不小于原料板材的屈强比,且屈服强度和抗拉强度都有所增长;管材塑性降幅较大;管材纵向冲击功变化不明显,横向冲击功有显著降低;因此钢管的力学性能不能以原料板材的力学性能代替。     

焊接接头横向拉伸试验结果分析

通过一系列对比试验,研究分析了Q345焊接试板焊接接头横向拉伸性能与全焊缝和焊板母材之间的差异,探索接头横向拉伸所得屈服强度与断后伸长率的合理性。结果表明,接头横向拉伸所获得的屈服强度值介于母材与全焊缝的值之间,且试验结果受所用引伸计标距的影响较为显著;接头横向拉伸断裂位置虽在母材上,但抗拉强度值要高于母材强度近20 MPa,断后伸长率则比母材低了近10%,但仍高于全焊缝的值。     

Ti75合金板材拉伸性能和冲击韧性各向异性的研究

通过分析组织和织构研究了Ti75合金板材拉伸性能和冲击韧性的各向异性。结果表明,Ti75板材横向(transverse direction,TD)的抗拉强度、屈服强度、伸长率和冲击韧性均优于轧向(rolling direction,RD)的对应指标。由于板材横向的屈服强度远大于轧向的屈服强度,使得板材横向屈强比(Rp0.2/Rm)远大于轧向的屈强比。Ti75板材为B/T(basal/transverse)织构类型,主要织构组分为{0002}1120(B织构)、{1013}1120(B31织构)和{1120}1010(T织构),织构造成横向和轧向拉伸时棱柱面滑移的Schmid因子不同。Ti75板材横轧向屈服强度的差异主要与织构引起晶粒滑移系启动的难易不同有关,抗拉强度主要取决于元素的强化作用,主要影响因素的不同造成了板材不同方向屈强比存在较大的差异。     

高钢级管线钢应变时效行为分析

应变时效现象会造成管线钢屈服强度和屈强比升高,应力一应变曲线出现明显屈服平台。通过对管线钢及钢管制造和使用过程的分析,指出应变时效行为对钢管生产过程质量控制、现场环焊缝对接以及管线服役性能的稳定性都有不良影响。通过减小钢管管体试样制备温度影响、严格控制防腐层制备工艺加热条件、降低管线钢中的C、N含量以及采用双相显微组织并在终轧时加速冷却后立即进行热处理等方法,可以有效降低应变时效效应。最后,对管线钢的应变时效行为的定量表征提出了建议。     

焊接接头几种取样方式拉伸试验结果对比分析

以304不锈钢对焊试板为研究对象,分别沿母材、全焊缝以及垂直焊缝方向进行取样,探讨了采用接头横向拉伸试验获得焊缝屈服强度的合理性,同时对比了几种取样方式所获得的抗拉强度和断后伸长率的差别。结果表明:接头横向拉伸试验获得的屈服强度介于母材试样的与全焊缝试样的之间,且使用不同标距长度的引伸计及不使用引伸计所获得的屈服强度也存在较大的差异,屈服强度的测试结果受所选引伸计的影响极为显著;接头横向拉伸试验获得的抗拉强度也介于母材试样的与全焊缝试样的之间;而接头横向拉伸试验所获得的断后伸长率则远远低于母材试样的及全焊缝试样的。     

一种抗大变形管线钢的微观组织与拉伸性能的相关性研究

对比研究了3组X80抗大变形管线钢的拉伸性能和显微组织,讨论微观组织尤其是第二相组态对力学性能的影响.结果表明,3组X80抗大变形管线钢的拉伸应力-应变曲线均呈圆屋顶型的连续屈服态,且纵向屈强比均小于0.85;硬相M/A组元对X80钢产生明显的第二相强化作用,随着M/A相含量的增加,材料屈服强度增大,屈强比主要受控于软硬结合的AF+M/A组元双相组织,硬相M/A组元的体积含量与屈强比表现出非线性关系.     

厚壁方矩形管冷弯效应对比分析

为了对厚壁型钢管的冷弯工艺改进、性能分析、结构强度设计和数值模拟结果的验证提供重要依据,进行了冷弯厚壁钢管上截取的平板件、弯角件、母材和相应方、矩形截面短柱的力学性能试验研究,获得了短柱全截面屈服强度相对于母材强度的提高值。分别运用北美等国厚壁冷弯型钢规范、国内薄壁冷弯型钢规范以及相关文献中的修正规范,对我国厚壁冷弯方矩形型钢管全截面强度进行设计和对比分析。结果表明:因冷弯工艺不同,国外公式计算的结果高于国内短柱实测值,国内厚壁冷弯型钢的强度设计不能照搬现有的国外厚壁冷弯型钢设计规范;国内薄壁公式能否适用要视型钢的冷作硬化效应程度决定;原料的强屈比和冷弯应变程度越大,则冷作硬化效应越大;焊接热使板件受到低温"退火"的作用不可忽略,其常常导致竖直配辊冷弯厚壁矩形型钢时,两竖直侧平板件强度低于母材。     

茂金属聚乙烯的固态挤出行为及力学性能

主要采用一种具有复合应力场的挤出口模．通过固态挤出茂金属线性低密度聚乙烯获得双向自增强片材。研究表明，茂金属聚烯烃可成功地进行固态挤出．所得到自增强片材的纵横向屈服强度都有明显提高，纵向屈服强度最大提高了5倍．横向屈服强度最大提高了约57％，但拉伸强度变化不大。纵向屈服强度和模量随拉伸比增加而提高。挤出温度对试样的力学性能、表面质量和出模膨胀有一定影响。     

焊缝匹配影响焊接残余应力的研究

采用有限元法对相同温度场的焊缝与母材强度和线膨胀系数匹配影响焊接残余和的规律进行了数值模拟,计算结果表明：等强度等匹配的焊缝区纵向残余应力水平高达母材的屈服强度,     

The effect of microstructure and processing variables on the yield to ultimate tensile strength ratio in a Nb–Ti and a Nb–Ti–Mo line pipe steel

In a hot rolled Nb–Ti and a Nb–Ti–0.09%Mo micro-alloyed steel, the ratio of yield strength to tensile strength (YS/UTS) was found to be a function of the microstructure and cooling rate in those tests where no coiling simulation and no prior deformation. The coarse bainite or acicular ferrite, which was formed at high cooling rates, raised the YS/UTS ratio under these process conditions. With coiling simulation, the ratio was not sensitive to the cooling rate or the microstructure as coiling allows the recovery of dislocations, thereby decreasing the difference in dislocation density that had arisen between a low and a high cooling rate. Deformation with a 33% reduction below the nil-recrystallisation temperature (T_nr) prior to the transformation, led to a high YS/UTS ratio that ranged from 0.81 to 0.86. The prior deformation, therefore, had a stronger effect on the YS/UTS ratio than microstructural changes through cooling rate variations.     

Strain aging on the yield strength to tensile strength ratio of UOE pipe

Strain aging of microalloyed steel pipe can occur at the relatively low temperatures associated with the pipe coating process and/or during long-term storage. A Box–Behnken statistical design was used to determine the significant strain aging variables that affect the longitudinal yield strength to tensile strength (Y/TS) ratio for three uncoated X70 UOE pipes. The strain aging variables examined include time, temperature, steel composition/microstructure (vis-a-vis the C/Nb ratio) and position through the pipe wall thickness. Metallographic and electron backscattered diffraction examinations were undertaken to determine the grain size and phase percentages of the as-received pipe steel. Both position in the pipe and the C/Nb ratio were found to have a statistically significant effect on the yield strength to tensile strength ratio.     

The design of advanced performance high strength low-carbon martensitic armour steels: Microstructural considerations

Neither a higher hardness nor higher mechanical properties (yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, impact energy, and %elongation) appear to be exclusive or even reliable criteria for predicting the ballistic performance of martensitic armour steels, as shown in our previous work [K. Maweja, W.E. Stumpf, Mater. Sci. Eng. A (February), submitted for publication]. An alternative design methodology for tempered martensitic armour steels is, therefore, proposed which is based on the effect of retained austenite on the ratio of the yield to ultimate tensile strength (YS/UTS), the microstructure of the tempered martensite and its martensite start temperature M_s. This approach was developed using 6 mm thick armour plates and later was successfully applied to the design of eight experimental armour steels with plate thicknesses ranging from 4.7 to 5.2 mm and tested by the standard R4 (5.56 mm rounds) ballistic test.     

JCOE成型的X80输油钢管开裂分析

在JCOE成型过程中一根X80输油钢管母材发生纵向开裂,裂纹长度达到了700 mm。通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、断口分析及金相检验等方法分析了钢管的开裂原因。结果表明:大尺寸外来非金属夹杂物的存在导致了钢板在连铸或轧制过程中产生裂纹。而较低的断裂韧度为裂纹进一步扩展创造了条件,在成型拉应力的作用下微裂纹扩展并延伸。     

Effect of groove design on mechanical and metallurgical properties of quenched and tempered low alloy abrasion resistant steel welded joints

Experimental investigations were carried out to study the influence of three different groove designs on mechanical and metallurgical properties of 15 mm thick Q & T (quenched and tempered) steel welded joints. Welding heat input variation corresponding to each joint configuration was kept to a minimal such that the objective of investigating, exclusively, the effect of varied weld volume on the mechanical and metallurgical performance of these joints could be accomplished. Mechanical performance of these joints was evaluated by subjecting them to transverse tensile testing, and Charpy V-notch impact testing of the weld zones at room temperature and 0 °C. The results of this study reveal that among all types of groove formations used for welding, double-V groove joint possessed maximum YS (yield strength) and UTS (ultimate tensile strength), besides maximum strength ratio (YS/UTS) that was followed by U-groove joint and C-groove joint, respectively. However, weld zone tested individually, for the cover as well as the root pass of the C-groove joint possessed highest CVN (Charpy V-notch) values, both at room temperature and 0 °C. Extensive microhardness studies of these weldments showed a wide variation in the microhardness values of the weld zone and the HAZ (heat affected zone). It was concluded that each groove formation/design exerted a significant influence on the heat dissipation characteristics of these joints, which is evident from different morphological features as revealed through optical microscopy. Scanning electron microscopic studies on tensile and impact tested specimens indicate that despite of achieving undermatched welds that were accompanied with a high degree of metallurgical heterogeneity, the mode of failure in the weld zone was largely ductile.     

Room-temperature mechanical properties of dual-phase steels deformed at high temperatures

Dual-phase steels with different morphology and volume fraction of martensite were deformed between 2% and 8% at a high-temperature range of 150–450 °C. Room-temperature tensile properties showed that both yield and tensile stresses depend on the amount of pre-strain, deformation temperature, volume fraction and morphology of martensite. Results show that both YS and UTS increase with increasing the amount of pre-strain at a given temperature.     

拉伸试样弯曲度对屈服强度测试值的影响

分析了输送管管体横向拉伸试样弯曲度对屈服强度测试值的影响,从理论上初步阐明了管体横向拉伸试样的弯曲会引起屈服强度测试值的降低,并提出在相关的标准中应对管体横向试样的展平程度作出规定.     

Influence of ageing in the failure pressure of a GFRP pipe used in oil industry

This paper is concerned with the influence of ageing in the failure pressure of a glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) pipes used for oil and gas transport. Burst tests were performed on pipes submitted to accelerated ageing combining hydraulic pressure and temperature (1 MPa and 80 °C). An alternative method, which does not require the immersion in a water bath or other fluid bath, was adopted for the ageing of the specimens. The experiments show that the burst pressure can be strongly affected by the ageing period. Tensile tests also have been performed, showing a brittle-elastic behaviour. For this particular composite, the stiffness of the tensile specimen is not significantly affected by the ageing time, but the ultimate tensile stress (UTS) is affected by the ageing time. A methodology to obtain analytic estimates of both UTS and failure pressure for a given ageing time is proposed. In order to obtain a lower bound of the failure pressure at a given operation time, besides the pipe geometry, it is only necessary to know the UTS of the composite obtained in a minimum of three tensile tests performed at different ageing times. The prediction error is less than 0.8% for the UTS and is less than 25% for the failure pressure.     

Effect of Microstructural Anisotropy on Mechanical Behavior of a High-Strength Al–Mg–Si Alloy

The mechanical behavior of an extruded aluminum alloy pipe has been investigated after repeated failures in an oil and gas industry. The pipe failures occurred by longitudinal cracking, and the mechanical properties of the pipe were blamed for the failure. The relevant critical properties of the pipe including basic tests of hardness, tensile, and impact behavior were measured, and extended fatigue testing of the material was conducted. Microstructural examination revealed a recrystallized grain structure and clusters of constituent particles aligned in the direction of extrusion. Tensile testing in both the longitudinal and circumferential directions showed virtually identical yield and tensile strengths. However, the material exhibited higher toughness in the longitudinal direction. Impact test showed that the energy absorbed during fracture was four times higher in the longitudinal direction. Fatigue testing displayed a shorter fatigue life in the transverse direction. The study showed that the microstructure after extrusion and the distribution of the constituent particles have a pronounced effect on the mechanical behavior of the extruded pipe and induced anisotropy in the material performance. Performance of the material can be improved by choosing the proper extrusion ratio to control the microstructure and by controlling the density and distribution of the constituent particles.