磁控溅射SiNx 薄膜的表面动态演化行为

采用射频磁控溅射法在石英玻璃和不锈钢基底上沉积SiNx薄膜,以SEM和AFM观察薄膜的表面形貌,检测粗糙度和颗粒度大小对薄膜表面形貌动态演化进行量化表征。结果表明:石英玻璃基片SiNx薄膜较不锈钢基片薄膜更为均匀致密,且颗粒更为细小;真空退火处理有利于细化SiNx薄膜颗粒,减小其表面粗糙度;在溅射功率为125～175W范围内,SiNx薄膜颗粒平均直径高达41.0nm,其rms以及颗粒度在75W时受氩气溅射压强的影响大。     

SiC颗粒表面Mo涂层的制备与分析

采用磁控溅射法在碳化硅(SiC)颗粒表面成功制备了金属钼(Mo)涂层,分析了Mo涂层的成分和形貌;为改善初始涂层成分和形貌,对镀Mo改性SiC复合粉体进行了不同工艺的结晶化热处理,重点研究了热处理对SiC颗粒表面Mo涂层形貌和成分的影响。结果表明,磁控溅射法能够在SiC颗粒表面沉积Mo涂层,随磁控溅射时间的延长,SiC颗粒表面Mo涂层的粗糙度增大,但磁控溅射后SiC颗粒表面Mo涂层为非晶态。热处理能够有效改善SiC颗粒表面Mo涂层的成分、形貌及结晶状态,在600~1200℃之间结晶化热处理过程中,随热处理温度升高,SiC颗粒表面Mo涂层形貌主要经历了以下4个阶段变化:Mo涂层初步致密化—Mo的结晶致密化—Mo涂层的聚集长大—Mo与SiC之间化学反应;相应的Mo原子的存在状态也经历了如下变化:非晶态Mo原子—晶态Mo原子—Mo_2C和MoSi_2。其中800~900℃之间为最佳热处理温度,此时Mo涂层致密均匀包覆完整。SiC表面连续均匀致密的Mo涂层,有利于改善SiC颗粒增强金属基复合材料中基体与增强体之间的界面结合并控制不利界面反应,有利于复合材料综合性能的提高,必将扩大SiC颗粒作为增强体的应用范围。     

不同微观组织Ti靶对TiN薄膜微观结构和性能的影响

采用四种不同微观组织的钛靶,在同一沉积条件下在高速钢基底上磁控溅射得到氮化钛薄膜。研究了该四种氮化钛薄膜的表面形貌、表面粗糙度、表面颗粒、断口形貌、薄膜厚度、纳米硬度和相结构等。结果表明:随着等轴晶钛靶的晶粒尺寸的增大,氮化钛薄膜的表面粗糙度减小,表面颗粒尺寸、薄膜中氮含量、柱状晶尺寸、薄膜厚度、硬度均先变小后变大。魏氏组织钛靶沉积得到的氮化钛薄膜具有表面光滑、表面颗粒细小、柱状晶细小、硬度居中等特点。薄膜的硬度主要与薄膜中Ti N(111)的择优取向程度有关,择优取向度越高,硬度越高。     

SiC衬底金刚石薄膜的制备与性能表征

用热丝CVD法,以丙酮和氢气为碳源,在SiC衬底上沉积金刚石薄膜,提出了分步变参数沉积法制备超细晶粒金刚石复合薄膜的新工艺.结果表明,合理控制工艺条件的新工艺,对金刚石薄膜质量、形貌和粗糙度、薄膜与衬底间的附着力以及薄膜的摩擦系数有显著影响,金刚石薄膜的平均晶粒尺寸从3 μm减小到0.3 μm,拉曼特征峰显示超细晶粒金刚石薄膜特征,涂层附着力好,超细晶粒金刚石薄膜的表面粗糙度和摩擦系数值显著下降,对获取实用化的SiC在基体上沉积高附着强度、低粗糙度金刚石薄膜的新技术具有重要的意义.     

纳米金刚石薄膜涂覆钛合金的摩擦学性能

医用钛合金(Ti6Al4V)具有低密度、高强度、耐腐蚀等优点而应用广泛,但是其耐磨性差.采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法在医用钛合金上沉积金刚石薄膜,经喇曼光谱检测为纳米金刚石结构,原子力显微镜测试其晶粒尺寸为40 nm左右,表面粗糙度Ra=39 nm(视场10×10μm).在SiC球为摩擦副的干摩擦实验中,在2 N载荷下,摩擦因数在0.25左右,并且没有出现任何薄膜破裂或剥落现象.实验结果表明,钛合金表面沉积纳米金刚石薄膜后明显提高了耐磨性,薄膜的表面粗糙度和形貌是影响其摩擦学性能的关键因素.     

退火温度对Au/NiO纳米颗粒复合薄膜光吸收性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Au/NiO纳米颗粒复合薄膜.用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜以及吸收光谱表征了薄膜的结构、表面形貌以及光学性能.研究结果表明:在500 ℃或500 ℃以上温度退火后,Au/NiO薄膜中存在NiO和单质Au两相,颗粒的平均大小为23～35 nm.薄膜中Au颗粒基本呈球形,随着温度的升高,薄膜表面的粗糙度减小,Au颗粒长大,分布也较均匀.Au/NiO薄膜在波长550～610 nm范围内具有明显的表面等离子共振吸收峰,随着退火温度的升高,吸收峰先蓝移后红移,其光吸收强度逐渐减弱.     

Ru非磁性中间层的制备及其结构研究

以不同晶面的Si片作为基底,室温下,采用射频磁控溅射的方法制备得到Ru非磁性薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)分析薄膜的结构和形貌.研究不同基底材料对Ru中间层结构和形貌的影响.结果表明:以单晶Si(100)、Si(110)、Si(111)片作为基底制备的Ru薄膜均呈(002)晶面的择优取向生长;Ru-Si(100)、Ru-Si(110)和Ru-Si(111)薄膜表面均由细小的圆形晶粒组成.Si(111)面上生长的Ru薄膜表面颗粒尺寸最小,表面粗糙度最大,有利于磁记录层磁学性能的提高.     

磁控溅射制备SiC薄膜及其高温抗氧化性

用射频磁控溅射法在单晶Si(100)基片上制备了SiC薄膜.将制备的薄膜分别在800、900和1000℃空气气氛中退火120 min.用X射线衍射仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪测试了薄膜的结构,用X射线光电子能谱仪测试了薄膜元素的组成和状态,用场发射扫描电子显微镜测试了薄膜表面的形貌.结果表明:经800℃空气退火后,薄膜表面生成了一层SiO2保护层,阻止了内部SiC薄膜的继续氧化,因此SiC薄膜在800℃具有较好的高温抗氧化性;随着退火温度的升高,SiC薄膜被进一步氧化,经1000℃空气退火后,薄膜已大部分转变为SiO2.     

低表面粗糙度金刚石涂层刀具的制备

降低表面粗糙度是改善金刚石涂层刀具使用性能的有效手段.采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积(MPCVD)金刚石膜,通过在沉积过程中调整工艺参数,先后在硬质合金基体上沉积了2层不同的金刚石薄膜.研究了基体位置、甲烷浓度等对薄膜表面形貌的影响.用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和压痕法对样品进行了分析测试,结果表明,该方法在保证金刚石涂层质量的同时有效降低了薄膜表面的粗糙度,表面粗糙度值Ra＜0.2 μm.     

MAIP镀TiN薄膜结构形貌的研究

本文用多弧离子镀膜(MAIP)技术在高速钢基片表面镀TiN后,用XRD和SEM对膜层组织结构、形貌进行了分析。结果显示,在高速钢基片表面的为TiN薄膜,该TiN膜致密,但在薄膜表面有少量白色大颗粒和黑点。能谱分析显示,白亮的大颗粒成分与普通膜面几乎相同,大黑点是直通基体的针孔,小黑点是盲孔。结论:这些大颗粒降低了薄膜表面粗糙度,对薄膜的耐磨性产生不利影响,而且针孔的存在,对膜层的耐蚀性有不利影响。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。