两种含硼Ni3Al合金的微观组织与力学性能

本文研究了两种不同硼含量Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金的微观组织、室温拉伸及高周疲劳性能，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金为单相组织，Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０ａｔ．－％Ｂ）合金中除γ相外，还有微量共晶体，虽然Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（１．０Ｂ）的拉伸强度较Ｎｉ３Ａｌ（０．６Ｂ）的高，但在相同的循环应力水平下，后者的疲劳寿命显著高于前者的，疲劳断口观察表明两种合金的疲劳裂纹萌生和扩展行为各不相同。     

BEHAVIOR OF Mg AND ITS EFFECT ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CAST Fe_3Al ALLOYS

Proper addition of 0.002 wt-% Mg to cast Fe_3Al alloy may obviously improve the room andhigh temperature tensile properties.Auger spectra show that Mg segregates near grainboundaries as very thin layers.Observation under TEM reveals that a suitable amount of Mgenhances ability of cooperative internal deformation so that the dislocations will ease the con-tinuous slip deformation through grain boundaries.The fracture feature of Fe_3Al alloy is oftransgranular cleavage at room temperature and cracks initiate at grain boundaries.     

Mg在铸造Fe3Al合金中的行为及其对力学性能的影响

研究了Mg在Fe_3Al合金中的分布及其对力学性能的影响适量的Mg(0.002wt-%)明显改善Fe_3Al的室温和高温力学性能Auger分析表明,Mg偏聚在晶界TEM观察发现,适量Mg增加晶界协调晶内变形的能力,使位错易于穿过晶界继续滑移变形SEM观察表明,Fe_3Al合金室温下均呈穿晶解理特征,裂纹源在晶界上     

EFFECT OF Ce ON OXIDATION BEHAVIOUR OF Ni_3Al ALLOYS

1.IntroductionIntermetallicc0mp0undNi3Alhasthespecificpropertythattheyieldstrengthim-proveswiththeincrease0ftemperature.Thefundamentalresearchonhigh-temperaturestructuralmaterialshaJsmademuchprogress,andther0omtemperaturetensilepr0pertiesofNisAlalloysareimproveddramaticallywiththeaddition0falittleB[1'2].Beingasurfaceactiveelement,Cecanpurifyandmodifysteels,andimprovetheirductility,t0ughness,oxidationresistanceandc0rrosionresistance[3].Theeffect0fCe0nthefabricabilityandroomtemperaturetensil…     

硼对快凝Ni3Al组织结构及力学性能的影响

本文通过快凝及加硼合金化的方法改善金属间化合物Ni_3Al的韧性。实验表明:加入0.5-1.4at.-％的硼对Ni_3Al的塑性提高最有利。结构分析表明:在含1.37at.-％硼的Ni_3Al中,硼以Ni_(23)B_6弥散相及晶界偏聚方式存在;当硼量增至2.22at.-％时,硼以粗大的Ni_(23)B_6及NiB_(12)相在晶界处析出。无硼的Ni_3Al晶界为大角度晶界;当硼加至1.37at.-％时,Ni_3Al晶界以位错排列成亚晶界,以小角晶界形式存在。     

Ca对Mg-5Al-1Bi合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

使用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪及力学性能测试等试验手段,研究了Ca含量对铸态Mg-5Al-1Bi镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,铸态Mg-5Al-1Bi镁合金由α-Mg基体和β-Mg17Al12相组成,加入Ca后,合金晶粒细化,β-Mg17Al12相的数量减少,由连续变得较为分散。当Ca含量达到3%时,合金中生成新的第二相Al2Ca。高熔点相Al2Ca在高温条件下能钉扎晶界,阻碍晶界滑移,有利于提高合金的高温蠕变性能。合金硬度和屈服强度随着Ca含量的增加而提高,而抗拉强度和伸长率下降。     

EFFECT OF Zr ON DUCTILITY OF CAST Ni_3 Al-BASE ALLOYS

Many compressive and tensile tests showed that the room temperature ductility of boron-freeNi_3Al alloy may be markedly improved by a moderate addition of Zr.The ductility of thestoichiometric Ni_3Al and even slightly enriched with Al,may be improved fairly between 400—600℃,which behaves much better if Zr is added together with B.However,the high tem-perature ductility of Ni_3Al alloys containing Cr may be significantly increased by Zr whichsegregates slightly along grain boundaries.Thus,the toughening mechanism of Zr alloyingseems to be different from that of B addition.     

INFLUENCE OF BORON ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAPIDLY SOLIDIFIED Ni_3Al

By means of nonstoichiometry,rapid solidification and adequate boron addition,the tensilestrength and bending resistance of Ni_3Al has been improved.When adding 0.52 to 1.37 at.-%B into Ni_3Al,which has the beneficial effect on the ductility.If boron addition is too high,there are coarse Ni_(23)B_6 particles and NiB_(12) phases found at the grain boundaries.Boronmodification in Ni_3Al promotes the ordering in the region near grain boundaries.The grainboundary of boron free Ni_3Al is a large angle one,but turns into a small angle grain bound-ary with sub-grains of dislocation characteristics when the boron content in Ni_3Al reaches1.37 at.-%.     

INTERNAL OXIDATION BEHAVIOR OF Pd-40Ag-1M(M=Zr,Y)ALLOYS

The internal oxidation behavior of Pd-40Ag-1M(M=Zr,Y)alloy wires has been studied inair at 800—1200℃.The relationship between the internal oxidation depth ξ and the reactiontime t can be expressed as ξ= Kt~n,where n=0.5—0.75.The higher the temperature,thelarger the value of n is.The active elements Zr and Y show different internal oxidationcharacters.For the alloys eontaining Zr,the oxidation rate along the grain boundaries isabout twice as high as that in grains,and“lateral oxidation”exists along the grainboundaries.For the alloys containing Y,the oxidation rates in grains and along the grainboundaries are roughly the same,and there is no“lateral oxidation”along the grain bounda-ries.The activation energies of both alloys are in the range of 120—150kJ/mol.Some prop-erties for oxidized alloys were studied.The mechanisms of the internal oxidation were dis-cussed.     

Si-modified aluminide coatings deposited on Ti46Al7Nb alloy by slurry method

Ti46Al7Nb alloy has been used as the research substrate material for the deposition of water-based slurries containing Al and Si powders. The diffusion treatment has been carried out at 950 °C for 4 h in Ar atmosphere. The structure of the silicon-modified aluminide coatings 40 μm thick is as follows: (a) an outer zone consisting of TiAl₃ phase and titanium silicides formed on the matrix grain boundaries composed of TiAl₃–type Ti₅Si₃; (b) a middle zone containing the same phase components with the matrix TiAl₃ and the silicides Ti₅Si₃, which formed columnar grains; (c) an inner zone, 2 μm thick, consisting of TiAl₂ phase. Cyclic oxidation tests were conducted in 30 cycles (690 h at high temperature) and showed a remarkably higher oxidation resistance of the Ti46Al7Nb alloy with the protective coating in comparison with the uncoated sample.     

Enhancing the intergranular corrosion resistance of high Mg-alloyed Al–Mg alloy by Y addition

Microalloying is thought to improve the performance of Al–Mg alloys commonly used in transport applications. The effect of Y addition (0–0.4%) on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Al–9.2Mg–0.7Mn alloy is investigated for potential use in engineering applications. The generation of the β-Al₃Mg₂ phase along the grain boundaries is suppressed in the as-cast alloy due to the formation of the AlMgY ternary phase. The average intergranular corrosion mass loss of the alloy with 0.1% Y addition decreases about 53.1% almost at no expense of mechanical performance in the as-rolled alloy after annealing. Moreover, the alloy with 0.1% Y addition shows the corrosion mass loss about 30.2% lower than the Y-free alloy in the sensitized state. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the alloy can be ascribed to the reduced β-Al₃Mg₂ precipitation along the grain boundaries associated with Y addition.     

粉末冶金法制备Al x CuFeNiCoCr高熵合金及其性能

采用粉末冶金法制备了Al_xCuFeNiCoCr高熵合金。研究了铝含量对合金性能和组织的影响,并讨论了合金制备过程中晶粒性能的变化。结果表明,在球磨过程中合金晶粒细化,且合金晶粒尺寸随Al含量的增加而增大。在烧结过程中,合金中会产生新的晶粒,并首先吸收一定热量形成含Al的金属间化合物。在1200 ℃加热2 h后,获得具有简单晶体结构的相,证实了高熵合金的形成。根据获得的能谱,合金组成均匀,合金化程度高。然而,随着Al含量的增加,出现了少量具有高Al含量的高对比度区域。合金具有良好的高温抗氧化性能和抗电化学腐蚀性能。随着铝含量的增加,合金的高温抗氧化性能提高。当Al含量为1mol%时,自腐蚀电压为-235 mV。随着Al含量的增加,硬度也增加。结果表明,当Al含量为1mol%时,合金具有最佳综合性能。     

Effect of molybdenum additions on the microstructures and corrosion behaviours of 316L stainless steel-based alloys

Alloys were made by alloying 5, 10, 15, 17.5 and 20?wt-% Mo with Type 316L stainless steel. Sigma phases containing 21–29?wt-% Mo formed along the austenite grain boundaries with the addition of 5?wt-% Mo and increased with additions up to 15?wt-% Mo, but they decreased with further additions. Laves phases containing 33–40?wt-% Mo co-precipitated at additions of 10?wt-% Mo which increased with further Mo increases. The corrosion resistance, assessed by potentiodynamic polarisation in a 10?mM NaCl solution adjusted to pH 4, increased relative to Type 316L for alloys made with 5 and 10?wt-% added Mo, but decreased with further additions due to preferential corrosion of the Laves phase. The alloy made with 10?wt-% added Mo had the highest corrosion resistance due primarily to the high Mo content of the austenite.     

AE42合金的抗压入蠕变性能

采用自制实验装置对Mg-Al-2RE(AE42)合金进行压入蠕变实验,利用带能谱(EDS)的扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)分析合金蠕变前后的组织和成分的演化.结果表明:随温度或应力的增加,AE42合金的压入蠕变速率和第一阶段的蠕变量逐渐增加;合金在压入状态下的蠕变应力指数和蠕变激活能的均值分别为3.06和72.4 kJ/mol;压入条件下AE42合金的稳态蠕变速率由晶界扩散主导的位错粘滞性滑移控制;铸态AE42合金由α-Mg基体、针状Al11La3和少量颗粒状Al2La组成;固溶处理8 h后,合金中的β-Mg17Al12相溶入α-Mg基体,合金的硬度上升;固溶24 h后,晶粒得到粗化,合金的硬度和抗蠕变性能均下降;固溶处理后再人工时效24 h,晶粒略有细化,但大量β-Mg17Al12相沿晶界不连续析出,合金的硬度和抗蠕变性能进一步下降.     

定向凝固Ni3Al合金高温变形后的显微组织特征

利用金相,扫描电镜和透射电子显微镜研究了定向凝固Ｎｉ３Ａｌ合金高温变形后的显微组织特征。研究结果表明,当变形速率较快时,原始柱状晶晶界无明显变化,晶内无明显结构存在;当变形速率较慢,合金呈现塑变形时,变形初期柱状晶晶界呈现“锯齿状”,后期原始柱状晶界消失,代之以晶粒尺度约为１５ｍｍ的晶粒带,晶粒带中既有小角度晶界,也有大角度晶界。     

Thermal stability and creep behavior of Ti–V–Cr burn-resistant alloys

The thermal stability and creep behavior of Ti–35V–15Cr (35V alloy) and Ti–25V–15Cr (25V alloy) burn-resistant titanium alloys are researched. The results show that post-exposure tensile properties deteriorated with the increase in exposure temperature (450–600 °C). The decrease in tensile properties of the 35V alloy results from the combination of surface oxidation and microstructural changes and the decrease in tensile properties of the 25V alloy results from surface oxidation. The main change of the microstructure during thermal exposure is the heterogeneous precipitation of α phase on β grain boundaries. Increased vanadium content in the alloy shows an adverse effect on alloys’ thermal stability. The creep resistance of the 35V alloy is little better that that of the 25V alloy. During creep exposure at 540 °C for 100 h, the heterogeneous precipitation of α phase on β grain boundaries in 35V alloy strengthens the grain boundary, leading to increases in the creep resistance, while the heterogeneous precipitation of α phase in grains and grain boundaries in the 25V alloy is rod-like, leading to decreases in the creep resistance.     

Gd对Mg9AlZnY镁合金消失模组织和性能的影响

在Mg9AlZnY合金基础上添加不同含量Gd元素,采用消失模铸造成形,研究其组织性能变化。结果发现,随着Gd含量的增加,Mg9AlZnY合金中的β-Mg17Al12相形成数量显著减少,并由连续网状结构转变为断续状和颗粒状结构。含Gd的Mg9AlZnY合金组织主要由α-Mg固溶体、β-Mg17Al12相和分布在α-Mg晶界的少量棒状Al2Y相和块状Al2Gd相组成。Al2Y和Al2Gd相热稳定性好,在高温下对晶界具有钉扎作用,防止晶界滑移,提高了晶界的高温强度。当Gd含量在0.9%(质量分数)左右时,经T6热处理后室温的抗拉强度为235MPa,200℃高温抗拉强度为156MPa,分别比Mg9AlZnY合金提高了11.9%和28.9%。     

Al对1Cr9Al(1-3)Ni(1-7)WVNbB合金相变与性能的影响规律

为了研究Al对铁素体耐热钢相变与性能的影响规律,通过在已有合金T92的成分基础上进行Al元素的添加及改性添加剂Ni的调整制备出了新型高铝铁素体耐热钢,研究了不同含量Al元素的加入及热处理工艺下铁素体耐热钢相变温度与淬火组织晶粒尺寸、硬度及抗氧化性的关系。结果表明,实验钢的平衡相变点随着Al元素含量的增加而升高,且实验钢的奥氏体晶粒尺寸越大,Ac1和Ac3温度越高;钢中添加的Al、Ni元素总量在2.4 wt %时,淬火后的奥氏体晶粒尺寸最小,且硬度最大;在650 ℃环境下,钢中添加3 wt %Al比添加1 wt %Al的抗高温氧化性能强;在750 ℃环境下,钢中所含改性添加剂Ni起到了一定的作用,Al-Ni比越大,钢便表现出了较强的抗氧化性。     

AZ81镁合金压入蠕变性能

采用自制装置对AZ81镁合金进行压入蠕变实验,通过建立稳态压入蠕变本构模型分析合金的蠕变机制,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究合金蠕变前后的组织和成分。结果表明:压铸AZ81合金在稳态蠕变阶段的应力指数n为2.08,蠕变激活能QC为87.26 kJ/mol;蠕变诱导β相首先由非连续方式析出,到达一定程度后连续析出;沿晶界析出的β相导致合金抗蠕变性能降低;蠕变温度越高,基体和析出相的晶粒尺寸越大;压铸AZ81合金的压入蠕变机制为晶界扩散主导的位错交滑移运动。     

Creep resistance of Mg-4 %Al-2 %RE-2 ? alloy

The creep resistance of the alloy Mg-4Al-2RE-2Ca（AEC422） and the base alloy AE42 was studied. The results reveal that the precipitated phases of AEC422 consist of Al2La and Al2Ca by contrast with the precipitated phase Al11La3 in AE42, which is instable and decomposes to A1l2La and Al at high temperature. Creep resistance of AEC422 is significantly improved compared with that of AE42. The microstructure of AEC422 has no obvious changes after creep test at 175℃ and 70MPa, as compared to that before creep test, indicating that Al2La and Al2Ca have high thermal stability. Especially Al2Ca phase largely increases the strength of the grain boundaries in AEC422, which accounts for the creep resistance improvement.