铝镁尖晶石炭砖在盛钢桶上的应用

以铝镁尖晶石炭砖取代铝镁不烧砖在首钢第三炼钢厂９０ｔ盛钢桶上应用时效果良好．其侵蚀速率低，工作面反应层与变质层很薄，有较好的抗热震性能，尤其对抵抗碱性熔渣的侵蚀和渗透明显优于铝镁不烧砖。试验结果表明铝镁尖晶石炭砖的使用寿命比原用铝镁不烧砖提高一倍以上。     

盛钢桶用不烧镁铝尖晶石炭砖的研制及使用

盛钢桶用不烧镁铝尖晶石炭砖的研制及使用随着炼钢技术的发展，盛钢桶除了作为盛钢容器外，还兼有二次精炼等功能。由于出钢温度的升高，钢水滞留时间延长，钢液沸腾与气体搅拌作用，使用条件越来越苛酷，使传统的粘土衬砖、高铝材砖、铝镁砖等内衬寿命大幅度下降。为了寻...     

高铝尖晶石炭砖的研制及使用

以阳泉特级高铝料、电熔镁铝尖晶石砂、鳞片状石墨为原料，以酚醛树脂为结合剂试制的高铝尖晶石炭砖，高温性能好，抗渣性强，耐热冲击性能好。在１００ｔ炼钢平炉钢包上使用，寿命达７０次以上，残砖厚度仍有４０％～７０％。     

提高树脂结合铝镁炭砖性能的措施

随着钢铁生产技术的发展，钢包村砖的使用茶件日益苛刻。树脂结合铝镁炭钢包村砖性能优异，已在钢包上得到广泛应用。通过实际使用发现，钢包衬砖的损毁主要从基质开始，铝镁炭砖所具有的优异性能能否得到发挥将取决于基质的质量。因此，合理分析基质损毁机理，采取适当措施，将使铝镜炭砖的使用性能得到改善。通过实验研究，采用添加复合防氧化剂，控制基质中AZO3、MgO比例及基质料共唐三种方法可有效提高铝镁炭砖的性能cl添加复合防氧化剂为了提高含炭材料的抗氧化性，常常加入S、川、Mg、Zr、SIC、B4C和BN等添加剂。试验的铝镁炭砖…     

铝镁质钢包透气砖热震损毁研究

研究了w(Al2O3)为91.2%,w(MgO)为7.0%,高温抗折强度为33.4 MPa,弹性模量为146.1 GPa,热膨胀系数为7.97×10-6K-1的铝镁质钢包透气砖的热震损毁现象。采用脉冲激振法、三点弯曲法测量铝镁质钢包透气砖热震前后的热震参数、弹性模量、常温和高温抗折强度,并计算了弹性模量和抗折强度保持率。结果表明:铝镁质材料热震过程中产生大量微裂纹,裂纹扩展慢,并且铝镁质材料的细晶和网络穿插结构有助于提高其抗热震性能。     

再生铝镁炭砖的研制

铝镁炭砖主要用于钢包衬砖 ,钢包不仅是贮运钢液的高温容器 ,还是具有特定功能的钢液精炼设备。由于钢液温度提高 ,钢液在钢包内停留时间延长 ,加上精炼过程中的搅拌和炉渣的侵蚀作用 ,使钢包的使用条件恶化 ,寿命下降 ,而作为钢包衬砖的铝镁炭砖达到使用寿命时 ,便被拆除下来 ,成为“废砖”。随着政府对环保的日益重视和大力宣传 ,目前许多企业已对含碳耐火材料的回收利用重视起来。已有科学工作者对铝镁炭砖的回收利用进行了研究 ,但在中国尚处于试验阶段。本研究在试验室研制了再生铝镁炭砖 ,并与未加废砖的铝镁炭砖 (以下简称新砖 )的性…     

尖晶石对铝尖晶石炭砖抗渣性的影响

研究了不同种类尖晶石及其加入量对铝尖晶石炭砖抗法性能的影响，分析了铝尖晶石炭砖的抗渣机理。     

添加Cr2O3对不烧铝镁砖性能的影响

钢包渣线部位一般使用镁碳砖,因为该部位需要材料具有优异的抗侵蚀性。无碳碱性耐火材料如镁尖晶石砖、镁铬砖等也被用在钢包上以防止钢水增碳。但这些砖抗渣渗透性差,导致结构剥落,然而其抗渣侵蚀性好。因此,典型的无碳砖———不烧铝镁砖尽管具有优异的抗渣渗透性,但是其抗渣侵蚀性较差,不能在钢包渣线上使用。日本品川耐火材料公司的研究人员研究了添加Cr2O3对不烧铝镁砖性能的影响。试样的化学组成见表1,其中1#试样为参考样,6#试样为烧结铝镁铬砖。将配好的料在轮碾机中混练均匀,使用摩擦压砖机压制成型,成型好的坯体在200℃干燥,然后经1 500     

连铸钢包用铝镁炭砖的研制与应用

连铸钢包用铝镁炭砖的研制与应用目前我国钢包寿命普遍较低，钢包修补频繁，工人劳动强度明显增加，严重制约了连铸的发展。在这种形势下，冶金部建筑研究总院认真研究了连铸钢包的使用条件，开发了铝镁炭砖，在连铸钢包上使用，取得了理想的效果。为了能够抵抗高温钢水和...     

矾土基高铝—尖晶石质钢包浇注料的研制和应用

以特级铝矾土、矾土基尖品石和烧结镁砂等为主要原料，采用超细粉凝聚结合，并对基质的化学矿物组成进行优化，开发出了矾土基高铝—尖晶石钢包浇注料。其烘烤特性良好，施工性能、物理性能及抗渣性比传统水玻璃结合的铝镁浇注料有显著提高。经在全国十多家钢厂的中小型钢包上使用，在绝大多数情况下其寿命比传统水玻璃结合的铝镁浇注料或铝镁炭发砖提高了１００％以上。     

不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al2O3-SiC-C内衬砖的性能与侵蚀机理

铁水包内衬材料长期服役于间隔周期较长的高、低温交替环境,极易发生剥落与侵蚀损毁。为了探索影响铁水包内衬材料使用寿命的主要因素,对市面上四种铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的化学成分、物相组成、物理性能和微观结构进行了分析,并以高炉渣为侵蚀介质,重点研究了不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的侵蚀机理。结果表明:铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖中Al₂O₃含量越高,高温下制品的液相量越低,越有利于提高耐火砖的高温力学性能;随着含碳量的增加,铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的抗渣性得到明显改善,但抗氧化性及高温抗折强度呈下降趋势;高炉渣中CaO、MgO向耐火砖中渗透,与耐火砖中的Al₂O₃、SiO₂发生反应形成高熔点的镁铝尖晶石及低熔点的钙长石等,生成的低熔相会加剧耐火砖的侵蚀。     

Post-mortem analysis of MgO–Al2O3–C bricks containing bauxite used in steel ladle walls

A serious problem with integrated masonry linings ladle was that the ladle wall bricks were difficult to be partially replaced. Thus, the service life of the ladle was determined by the properties of ladle wall bricks. In this study, the new generation of MgO–Al₂O₃–C bricks with bauxite aggregates was tested in a ladle lining of an integrated steel ladle for 103 cycles, and the corroded microstructure of the used brick was investigated. A multilayered structure of bauxite aggregates could be observed in the used brick, which inhibited the slag penetration along the boundary of the magnesia aggregates and reduced the degree of the aggregates fall off from the used bricks. Besides, during the process of slag penetration, bauxite aggregates could melt into the slag, which increased the viscosity of the slag and weakened the penetration ability of the slag. The MgO–Al₂O₃–C bricks with bauxite addition could improve the service life of the ladle to a certain extent.     

利用炭素铬铁渣制造锰铁包衬用耐火材料

以相图为理论依据,在炭素铬铁渣中加入烧结镁砂研制出碱性耐火材料,用于砌筑锰铁包衬,使用寿命是原镁砖内衬的两倍     

微膨胀高铝砖的生产与应用

采用优质高铝矾土和莫来石合成料为主要原料,添加蓝晶石、红柱石、硅线石(简称三石)和叶蜡石等作膨胀剂,使用软质黏土作结合剂,再外加适量添加剂,经适宜温度焙烧制成高铝砖,并成功应用于冶炼低碳钢、不锈钢等钢包内村。该砖在高温区使用时产生微膨胀,使钢包内衬具有良好的整体性,从而提高抗侵蚀性。     

Tests of olivinite-based ladle refractory brick

A lining of burned forsterite—chromite brick, with the olivinite mined at the Khabozerovskoe deposit as the base, was tested in the 385-ton steel-teerning ladle of the converter plant at the Severstal' Works. The brick was made by the method developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Refractories. The characteristics of the brick are given. The ladle lining was tested on a wide range of converter steel grades. At the end of the service period, the lining was examined and the nature of its wear was identified. The experimental lining withstood 23 heats. It is thought promising to use refractory brick of the forsterite composition in large-tonnage steel-teeming ladles.     

Slag erosion-resistant coating for periclase-magnesia-aluminum spinel brick

The magnesia-carbon bricks are used at the ladle slag line adds carbon to molten steel and thus has an adverse effect on the smelting process. Steel production enterprises hope to remove carbon from the ladle slag line. This study presents a Silica sol (SS)–magnesium aluminate spinel(MA) coating that can be applied to the surfaces of periclase–MA spinel brick (spinel brick) to improve their slag erosion resistance, facilitating the elimination of carbon from the ladle slag line. The slag corrosion resistance mechanism of a spinel brick covered with the SS–MA coating was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy and simulation using FactSage software. The results show that increasing the SS content (C_SS) led to the formation of fine cracks during the coating-drying process and was detrimental to the slag erosion resistance of the coating. The optimum C_SS was 20%. In the high-temperature slag erosion experiment, the MA in the coating was capable of forming solid solutions with Fe and Mn in the slag, and the nano-SiO₂ in the coating interacted with the slag, increasing the viscosity of the slag and reducing its penetration. In addition, the presence of the coating extended the penetration path of the slag and reduced the contact area between the slag and the spinel brick and their chances to undergo chemical reactions, thereby protecting the spinel brick from slag erosion. The coated spinel bricks outperformed the magnesia-carbon brick in terms of slag erosion resistance, providing a basis for selecting carbon-free refractory materials for the ladle slag line.     

钢包用轻重质复合保温砖的研究与开发

精炼钢包永久衬用轻重质复合保温砖的重质部分相当于高铝砖，轻质部分相当于粘土质隔热砖。实际使用表明，采用轻重质复合保温砖作钢包永久衬，节能效果明显．可以获得显著的社会经济效益。     

受补面状态对转炉火焰喷补料附着性能的影响

采用MgO-CaO-SiO2系列喷补料，以镁炭砖、镁砖为靶砖，用小型火焰喷补机在热模拟炉进行火焰项补试验。结果表明，喷补层同镁砖的粘结强度比镁炭砖的高。随着炉温的升高，喷补料附着率及喷补层粘结强度随之上升。     

A Retrospective Review of Alumina-magnesia-carbon Refractories

The residual expansion of in-situ spinel formation in using of alumina-magnesia-carbon(AMC)bricks monolizes the lining of steel-making ladles with the closure of their joints,which has been an effective solution avoiding washing out of the joints in ladle lining by the reduction of the penetration of liquid slag and molten steel.Alumina-magnesiacarbon refractories are overall reviewed,in terms of major raw materials,thermal evolution,corrosion and oxidation,and thermomechanical behavior,as well as type,addition and fraction of magnesia used.General commercial products contain 5%-10%MgO and 5%-10%C with a certain amount of metallic aluminum powder,which is believed to facilitate spinel formation at early stage of heating-up,although high magnesia containing AMC bricks are studied and used sometimes.With low ratio of Al₂O₃/C=12.9 and the carbon content of 6.4%C,AMC brick exhibits the highest corrosion resistance.It is important to determine the type,addition and fraction of magnesia used in AMC refractories for demonstrating high corrosion resistance and superior thermomechanical behavior.     

Testing ladle brick made by various factories

Conclusions The resistance of linings in steel-casting ladles depends on the working conditions and the construction of the lining, the quality of the brick laying during repairs of the working layer, and the resistance of the ladle brick. The greatest effect on the wear of the lining in ladles is exerted by the following working conditions: chemical composition of the slag, temperature of the metal being cast, the dwell time of metal and slag in the ladle during one casting, the height of the slag layer in the ladle, the thickness of the lining in each belt of the structure. The quality of the structure in the ladles is mainly determined by the size of the joints, the care with which they are filled with mortar, uniformity of drying and warming-up of the ladles before filling them with metal.The resistance of the ladle brick depends mainly on the apparent porosity and nature of the pores and the concentration of fluxes and mullite in the brick.The highest resistance in service was shown by Zaporozh'e ladle brick made from Polozhe kaolin and having the lowest apparent porosity. The concentration of iron oxides in the brick was moderate, and on average equalled 1.39%.In terms of falling resistance the ladle brick of the remaining concerns can be placed in the following order: Chasov-Yar, Semiluks, Bogdanovich, Magnitogorsk, and Borovich.In order to increase the resistance of steel casting ladle linings it is necessary to increase the resistance of the ladle brick by reducing the apparent porosity, using raw materials with low concentrations of fluxes and improving the firing in order to obtain the maximum conditions of the ladle, reducing to a minimum the quantity of slag and reducing the casting time; to use a more rational thickness for laying the ladles over the courses, taking into account better use of their capacity.Translated from Ogneupory, No.5, pp. 27–32, May, 1970.