城市电网网架结构与分区方式的两层多目标联合规划

提出城市电网网架结构与分区方式的联合规划方法。首先提出城市电网分区方法,进而构建联合规划的数学模型,并使用多目标遗传算法求解。设定模型求解的前提条件,将两层规划模型的求解转化为相应的单层多目标优化问题的求解。针对联合编码策略所引起的孤岛问题提出连通网架形成方法。通过适应度计算、精英保存、分层进化等环节的设计,使多目标遗传算法在求解单层多目标优化问题过程中逐渐形成接近分层多目标优化问题有效解集的一组解。对实际系统的应用结果表明该文方法直接、有效。     

可再生能源接入下考虑短路电流限制的发输电鲁棒规划方法

随着用电负荷密度增大、电网结构紧密程度提高及可再生能源接入带来的不确定性,短路电流越限问题突出.文中提出了一种可再生能源接入下满足短路电流限制的发输电系统鲁棒规划方法.首先,改进了计及网络拓扑结构和电源接入的短路电流计算方法,并内嵌网络结构优化和机组开停机操作优化短路电流水平.其次,采用自适应多面体不确定集合,考虑可再...     

促进间歇性可再生能源发电消纳的水电定价与能量管理策略

小水电站是电力系统中重要的灵活性资源,可以促进风电、光伏等间歇性可再生能源(intermittent renewable energy,IRE)的开发与利用.在此背景下,研究了促进IRE发电消纳的水电定价与能量管理策略.首先,根据小水电站的日调节能力,将其分为统一调度水电站(coordinately-scheduled...     

柔性网架结构下考虑双边交易的多微网与配网协同规划

高比例风光接入下,多微网与配网间的双边交易对配电网的调控能力提出了更高要求。考虑柔性配电装置快速灵活调节网络潮流的优点,提出一种柔性网架结构下考虑多微网与配网双边交易的协同规划方法。首先,在考虑智能软开关规划的基础上构建协同规划的广义纳什议价模型。其次,采用交替优化策略将议价模型转化为易于求解的双层迭代过程,上层各主体各自优化规划方案,下层完成双边交易的结算问题。然后,将下层问题等效转化为电量结算和费用结算两个子问题,并分别采用交替方向乘子法求解。最后,在IEEE33节点配电系统中的算例表明所提规划方法可有效缩减社会总成本和各主体年综合费用。     

基于主从博弈的配电网源网协调扩展规划

由社会资本投资的大量分布式电源(Distribution Generation, DG)接入配电网势必对配电网稳定与经济运行带来诸多挑战。为了对DG进行合理规划,以我国电力改革的实际情况为背景,从配电公司(Distribution System Company,DISCO)和分布式电源运营商(Distributed Generation Owners,DGOs)的利益角度出发,构建基于主从博弈的DISCO配电网扩展规划的双层优化模型。上层决策以DISCO的成本最小化为目标,综合考虑各年配电网运行约束和DG渗透率约束;而下层决策则由多个DGO的子优化问题组成,以各DGO的收益最大作为优化目标,计及各年并网容量约束。然后,采用粒子群算法求解该双层优化模型,得到以年为单位的最有配电网扩展规划方案。最后,基于IEEE-33节点系统进行仿真实验,验证了所提模型的有效性与先进性。     

基于热网-电网综合潮流的用户侧微型能源站及接入网络优化规划

提出一种考虑热网-电网综合潮流的用户侧综合能源系统的规划方法。考虑经济、节能、环保等因素,建立含风机、光伏、储能、微型燃气轮机及燃气锅炉的微型能源站二层规划模型。上层规划目标函数为年费用最小,优化变量为微型能源站安装位置、容量及接入网络;下层规划考虑储能与微型燃气轮机的优化调度,规划目标包含一次能源节约率、可控分布式能源运行费及网损费用。基于热电耦合,提出热网-电网综合潮流计算方法与流程。采用改进遗传算法和粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解。某用户侧综合能源系统算例验证了所提模型和方法的有效性。     

计及灵活性供需的多场景分布式电源双层规划

高渗透率可再生能源并网对电力系统提出了更高的灵活性要求;在可再生能源系统规划阶段计及多种灵活性资源协同优化可有效提升系统灵活性,为此,基于灵活性调节能力分析,提出计及灵活性的配电网分布式电源双层规划模型,将经济目标和灵活性目标作为优化目标,构建了多场景协调优化规划模型;考虑到风光场景集过大所带来求解效率较低的问题,在仿射传播(affinity propagation,AP)聚类算法的基础上提出一种基于AP-Kmedoids的双层场景缩减技术,并对缩减后的场景进行校验。最后通过算例采用整数自适应粒子群算法(adaptiveparticleswarm optimization,APSO)-混沌粒子群算法(chaos particle swarm optimization,CPSO)混合求解策略对双层规划模型进行仿真,结果验证了所提规划方法在提升经济性和灵活调节能力方面的有效性。     

基于二分法的配电网分段开关优化配置

配电网分段开关的优化配置是一个需要同时考虑经济性和可靠性的非线性组合优化问题。针对该问题,提出了一种确定配电网分段开关最佳数量和安装位置的双层优化规划方法。该方法采用的目标函数综合考虑了开关的年投资费用、年运行维修费用和用户停电损失费用;外层优化针对不同的开关数量采用二分法逐步向最佳开关数量逼近;内层优化在给定开关数量下采用缺供电量作为评价指标,对开关安装位置进行优化。将该方法应用于IEEE RBTS-BUS2及其他配电系统,取得了较好的结果,为配电网规划和改造提供了一种有效的分析工具。     

基于柔性多状态开关的有源配电网双层优化方法

大量间歇性分布式电源的接入,给配电网带来了新的挑战。柔性多状态开关(Soft Open Point, SOP)是一种新型的电力电子装置,具有强大的功率调控和潮流优化能力。文中提出了一种基于SOP的有源配电网双层优化方法。考虑SOP运行控制的约束条件,建立了多端口SOP等效模型。以年综合费用最小为目标建立SOP上层规划模型,以多时段配电网电压偏差最小、网损最低为目标建立基于最优潮流的下层优化模型,并采用改进的遗传粒子群混合优化算法对双层优化模型进行求解。在IEEE 33节点算例上,对比分析了规划前后三端口SOP的优化能力。结果表明,SOP能有效解决配电网电压越限问题,同时降低系统损耗,并且合理的SOP规划对配电网运行优化效果更为显著。     

Multistage distribution network expansion planning under smart grids environment

This paper presents a novel model for multistage smart distribution network expansion planning (MSDNEP) in the presence of vehicle to grid (V2G) and fault passage indicator (FPI) in a multi-objective optimization framework. Distribution networks should be expanded in order to serve load growth in the best manner possible. The two objectives considered are: minimization of total cost during the planning horizon and maximization of reliability index. The proposed model determines the sitting and sizing of parking lot as well as conventional alternatives for expansion, such as, optimal size, location and time in which the new lines must be added, replaced or removed. Moreover, the impacts of using FPIs in a distribution network on reliability and the investment cost are in the scope of this study. Due to its good handling of mixed integer nonlinear problem, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is utilized for optimization such a complex problem. The effectiveness of the proposed model is demonstrated by applying to a distribution test system and results show a significant improvement in the area of distribution network planning.     

基于博弈论的主动配电网扩展规划与光储选址定容交替优化

针对当前主动配电网规划方法无法反映投资者先后决策的问题,提出了基于博弈理论的主动配电网扩展规划与光储选址定容的双层交替优化方法。首先,基于当前欧洲国家广泛采用的自消费模式,提出了考虑峰谷电价的光伏和储能系统运行策略;其次,在此基础上建立了主动配电网扩展规划和光储选址定容的双层优化模型;然后,提出了双层优化模型求解方法,上层优化模型应用二进制粒子群算法进行优化,下层优化模型中引入博弈理论,决定光储的容量配置;最后,采用某规划区的配电系统进行仿真,优化结果表明,光储系统的合理配置与接入方案可有效降低用户的用电成本,也可有效降低配电系统的网络损耗。     

Identifying the optimum wind capacity for a power system with interconnection lines

This paper presents a general framework for identifying the optimum wind capacity to be integrated in a power system with interconnection lines. Wind generation is treated as negative demand, together with the load demand, which must be covered by the conventional power generation and the energy interchange with neighboring systems. Under the presumption that the time-varying wind and load together with the trading price with neighboring systems could be statistically modeled by specified probability distributions, a chance constrained programming (CCP) model is formulated to address the wind capacity planning problem. The objective is to maximize the yearly net profit of the entire power system subject to the operational constraints and the reliability requirement. Wind power curtailment and load shedding are allowed to improve the system flexibility but incur penalty costs. The optimization problem is solved using a hybrid intelligence algorithm incorporating Monte Carlo simulations, a neural network and a genetic algorithm. The feasibility of the proposed approach is verified by a case study on a given power system.     

基于路径描述的配电网电力廊道规划方法

配电网工程的落地依托于充足的电力廊道资源,而电力廊道规划方案的合理性也将影响到后期配电网建设的经济性。为科学指导廊道的选择,提出一种基于路径描述的配电网电力廊道规划方法。首先根据电力廊道与配电网网架之间的耦合关系,搭建电力廊道连通性模型;然后采用深度优先遍历算法获得满足廊道建设情况的供电路径集合。基于此,以电力廊道综合规划费用为廊道规划方案的评估依据,搭建了配电网电力廊道双层规划模型。最后采用嵌套离散粒子群优化算法进行优化求解,外层粒子群算法以电力廊道综合规划费用最小为优化目标,内层粒子群算法以配电网运行规划成本最小为优化目标。算例分析表明,所述模型可兼顾后期配电网建设的可行性与经济性,得到满足负荷需求的电力廊道最优规划方案,有利于提前对廊道站址进行保护,为配电网建设提供参考。     

Bi-level optimization based two-stage market clearing model considering guaranteed accommodation of renewable energy generation

Outage recovery is important for reducing the economic cost and improving the reliability of a distribution system (DS) in extreme weather and with equipment faults. Previous studies have separately considered network reconfiguration (NR) and dispatching mobile power sources (MPS) to restore the outage load. However, NR cannot deal with the scenario of an electrical island, while dispatching MPS results in a long power outage. In this paper, a resilient outage recovery method based on co-optimizing MPS and NR is proposed, where the DS and traffic network (TN) are considered simultaneously. In the DS, the switch action cost and power losses are minimized, and the access points of MPSs are changed by carrying out the NR process. In the TN, an MPS dispatching model with the objective of minimizing power outage time, routing and power generation cost is developed to optimize the MPSs’ schedule. A solution algorithm based on iteration and relaxation methods is proposed to simplify the solving process and obtain the optimal recovery strategy. Finally, numerical case studies on the IEEE 33 and 119-bus systems validate the proposed resilient outage recovery method. It is shown that the access point of MPS can be changed by NR to decrease the power outage time and dispatching cost of MPS. The results also show that the system operation cost can be reduced by considering power losses in the objective function.     

Bi-level optimization based two-stage market clearing model considering guaranteed accommodation of renewable energy generation

The existing electricity market mechanisms designed to promote the consumption of renewable energy generation complicate network participation in market transactions owing to an unfair market competition environment, where the low cost renewable energy generation is not reflected in the high bidding price of high cost conventional energy generation. This study addresses this issue by proposing a bi-level optimization based two-stage market clearing model that considers the bidding strategies of market players, and guarantees the accommodation of renewable energy generation. The first stage implements a dual-market clearing mechanism that includes a unified market for trading the power generations of both renewable energy and conventional energy units, and a subsidy market reserved exclusively for conventional generation units. A re-adjustment clearing mechanism is then proposed in the second stage to accommodate the power generation of remaining renewable energy units after first stage energy allocations. Each stage of the proposed model is further described as a bi-level market equilibrium problem and is solved using a co-evolutionary algorithm. Finally, numerical results involving an improved IEEE 39-bus system demonstrate that the proposed two-stage model meets the basic requirements of incentive compatibility and individual rationality. It can facilitate the rational allocation of resources, promote the economical operation of electric power grids, and enhance social welfare.     

各规划水平年间网络改造方案的优化方法

对于中长期电网规划,通常考虑各规划水平年的网络优化计算。这就存在一个从现有网络到最终最优网络过渡问题。为确定实际工作中各规划水平年间的网络改造方案,提出通过比较两相邻规划水平年的网络,确定待选线路集;通过交替选配、潮流计算及各新增支路综合有效度的计算,确定出各规划水平年间新增电力设施的投建顺序的优化方法。由此确定出的改造方案,保证了电力资金的有效注入和系统的整体向最优发展。     

计及故障供电恢复策略的主动配电网电源规划

主动配电网的核心在于主动管理,在规划阶段综合考虑运行管理策略的影响,有利于提高主动配电网规划结果的适用性。为此,考虑到主动配电网具有分层分布管理的特性,采用故障下游静态分区划分孤岛运行以实现故障供电恢复。同时提出了基于蒙特卡洛模拟计算停电损失费用的方法,以衡量主动配电网是否具有故障供电恢复能力对其可靠性的影响。考虑正常与故障状态下的两种控制策略,提出一种主动配电网电源规划双层优化模型。上层以综合成本净现值最小为目标,其中包含了停电损失计算,下层模拟正常运行状态下全局优化控制获得最优潮流。经仿真实例验证,引入停电损失费用并且考虑供电故障恢复策略的规划模型能保证规划后主动配电网的可靠性,进而整体地提升了主动配电网规划方案的经济性,具有较强的实用性及可推广性。     

含分布式电源的主动配电网双层规划模型

基于分解协调原理建立分布式电源双层规划模型,研究分布式电源在主动配电网中的合理规划问题。上层规划以节点网损灵敏度为原则,从系统网络损耗的角度确定分布式电源的安装位置与容量;下层规划根据分布式电源的投资效益、电压偏差指标建立多目标优化规划数学模型用于确定分布式电源的最佳出力。提出一种改进的多目标粒子群算法进行模型求解,通过对IEEE-33节点配电系统进行仿真计算验证所建模型和算法的可行性和有效性。     

基于向量序优化的含分布式电源的配电网规划

分布式发电的快速发展以及用户对电能质量的要求愈发严格,为分布式电源接入下的配电网规划带来了新挑战。提出了一种基于向量序优化的配电网分布式电源规划方法。首先构建考虑电压质量和投资成本的配电网分布式电源规划模型;然后引入序优化理论与帕累托博弈方法,在电压质量与投资费用的博弈过程中对规划方案进行排序分层;最终借助线性隶属度函数在帕累托前沿中求得折衷最优解,并以Matpower Case 30节点的配电网系统为算例进行仿真验证。结果表明,文中方法可以实现电压质量和投资成本的统筹协调,能够在提升规划方案经济性的同时保证系统的电压水平。     

基于分布鲁棒优化的电-气综合能源系统弹性提升策略

小概率-高风险极端天气灾害事件的频发对电力系统的安全稳定运行提出了重大挑战.针对深度耦合的电-气综合能源系统,文中提出一种考虑极端天气下配电网线路故障概率信息的弹性导向分布鲁棒优化模型以提升其弹性能力.首先,融合极端条件下元件故障概率区间构造线路故障模糊集,在此基础上建立防御-攻击-防御3层框架下的配电网弹性提升优化问题.其次,构建以燃气机组出力为耦合变量的天然气系统运行可行性子问题.然后,提出一种内外双层循环算法求解上述问题:外层循环结合对偶理论和列与约束生成算法求解配电网优化问题;内层循环采用Benders分解算法对气网问题进行校验.最后,通过算例验证了所提模型及求解算法的有效性.