无溶剂体系高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸工艺优化研究

研究了无溶剂体系中,两种固定化脂肪酶(Lipozyme RMIM和Lipozyme 435)对高酸值米糠油的酶法酯化脱酸效果。结果表明,脂肪酶Lipozyme 435脱酸效果较脂肪酶Lipozyme RMIM更好。在单因素实验的基础上,运用正交实验对高酸值米糠油酶法酯化脱酸工艺条件进行优化,得到最优工艺条件为:反应温度70℃,脂肪酶Lipozyme 435添加量为米糠油质量的3%,反应时间10 h,甘油添加量为理论甘油质量的250%。在最优工艺条件下,米糠油酸值(KOH)从39.81 mg/g降到2.06 mg/g,脱酸率达到94.83%,谷维素保留率为92.44%、VE保留率为77.94%、植物甾醇保留率为82.34%。     

基于响应面分析法优化高酸值米糠油化学法酯化脱酸工艺

在对催化剂的种类、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂添加量和甘油添加量5个影响因素考察的基础上,根据中心组合试验原理设计了试验,并以响应面法优化高酸值米糠油的脱酸工艺。结果表明,酯化脱酸的最佳方案为反应时间4 h、反应温度215℃、甘油添加量为理论甘油的115%、催化剂添加量为0.3%,在此条件下的理论脱酸率可达90.95%,实际脱酸率可达91.81%,其中谷维素保留率为30.23%。以上结果表明,该工艺条件可靠,具有可行性和参考价值。     

米糠油酶法酯化脱酸的研究

通过添加单甘酯和甘油混合物,以Lipozyme TLIM为催化剂对米糠油酶法酯化脱酸进行了研究。分别考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂添加量、单甘酯和甘油混合物添加量,单甘酯和甘油的比例对酸价的影响。由单因素和响应面试验得出酶法酯化脱酸反应的最佳条件为温度65℃,反应时间9.3 h,催化剂添加量10%,单甘酯和甘油的添加量为150%,单甘酯和甘油的比例为1∶1。在此条件下酸值由原料的43.0 mg/g降至7.2 mg/g。     

米糠油化学酯化脱酸的研究

以单甘酯和甘油混合物作酯化剂,ZnCl2为催化剂对米糠油进行化学酯化脱酸研究。分别考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂添加量、酯化剂添加量和单甘酯与甘油的比例对酸值的影响。由单因素和正交实验得出酯化脱酸的最佳反应条件为：反应温度200℃,反应时间6h,催化剂添加量0．4％,酯化剂添加量150％,单甘酯与甘油的比例为1：1。在此条件下酸值（KOH）由原料的43．0mg／g降到2．2mg／g。     

高酸值油脂酯化脱酸新工艺的研究

首先在2MPa充氮的反应釜内对高酸值米糠油进行预酯化处理,预酯化温度180℃、时间4h,在此条件下米糠油的FFA从20.5%降到13.8%;然后得出2MPa充氮条件下固定化脂肪酶酶法酯化脱酸反应的最优条件:酯化温度55℃,甘油添加量为0.31g,酯化时间8h,固定化脂肪酶添加量为油重5%,干燥剂添加量为油重1.5%,在此条件下米糠油的FFA由13.8%降至2.2%。     

米糠油萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸工艺效果研究北大核心CSCD

为了在脱酸的同时尽可能保留米糠油中的营养成分,采用乙醇萃取脱酸结合碱性微晶纤维素吸附脱酸的低温物理脱酸技术对米糠油进行脱酸。以乙醇萃取脱酸米糠油为原料,以脱酸率为考察指标,采用单因素实验和正交实验对米糠油的吸附脱酸工艺条件进行了优化,同时对比了碱炼脱酸与乙醇萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸对米糠油品质的影响。结果表明:最佳吸附脱酸工艺条件为碱性微晶纤维素添加量3.0%、吸附时间2.0 h、吸附温度40℃,在此条件下米糠原油经乙醇萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸处理后,酸值(KOH)由35.04 mg/g降到0.92 mg/g,谷维素的保留率为73.0%,总甾醇保留率为74.3%,总生育酚保留率为56.5%;而米糠原油经碱炼脱酸处理后,酸值(KOH)由35.04 mg/g降到1.16 mg/g,谷维素的保留率为60.1%,总甾醇保留率为65.6%,总生育酚保留率为44.6%。可见,与传统碱炼脱酸相比,萃取脱酸结合吸附脱酸的方法对米糠油中谷维素、甾醇、生育酚的保留率更高,对游离脂肪酸的脱除效果更好。     

米糠油酯化脱酸

乙米糠油中含有较高的游离脂肪酸,而且含有较一般毛油高的甘油一酸酯和甘油二酸酯。毛米糠油经过脱胶和脱蜡以后,在高温和真空条件下,利用米糠油中原有的甘油一酸酯和甘油二酸酯,或加入甘油,与游离脂肪酸发生酯化反应,可以有效地降低米糠油的酸值,并增加中性油的数量。酯化脱酸能量消耗较高,可适用于米糠油的脱酸。     

高酸值米糠油同步脱酸脱蜡工艺

以95%乙醇为萃取剂,采用溶剂法对高酸值米糠原油进行同步脱酸脱蜡,以脱酸率、脱蜡率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化高酸值米糠油同步脱酸脱蜡工艺条件。结果表明：高酸值米糠油脱酸脱蜡最佳工艺条件为卵磷脂添加量0.15%（以95%乙醇质量计）、萃取时间40 min、萃取温度60 ℃、料液比1∶ 2.5、萃取次数4次,在最佳工艺条件下米糠油的脱酸率和脱蜡率分别为99.45%和99.86%,精炼得率为65.67%,谷维素、植物甾醇和维生素E保留率分别为87.88%、9764%和95.15%。     

高酸价米糠油酯化脱酸技术的研究

以甘油作酯化剂,氧化锌为催化剂对高酸价米糠油进行化学酯化脱酸研究.探讨了酯化反应过程中反应时间、反应温度、催化剂和甘油的添加量对米糠油脱酸效果的影响,最佳酯化条件为:反应时间为6h、反应温度200℃、催化剂的添加量为0.2％、甘油添加量为200％的情况下,可使高酸价(≥酸价37.0 mgKOH/g)的米糠油酸价大幅度下降,可降低到3.6 mgKOH/g油脂以下,显著提高了米糠油的精炼率和品质.     

偏甘油酯脂肪酶Lipase G50的固定化及其催化高酸值米糠油乙酯化脱酸的研究北大核心CSCD

研究了偏甘油酯脂肪酶Lipase G50的固定化及其催化高酸值米糠油乙酯化脱酸效果。结果表明:相比于其他4种树脂,ECR8285树脂对Lipase G50的固定化效果最好,在载酶量为40 mg/g时,制备得到的固定化Lipase G50的酯化活力为518.66 U/g,比活力为15.65 U/mg;最佳的固定化Lipase G50催化脱酸工艺条件为无水乙醇与高酸值米糠油中游离脂肪酸物质的量比2∶1、酶加量40 U/g、反应温度40℃、反应时间6 h,在最佳条件下高酸值米糠油的酸值(KOH)由62.14 mg/g降至0.12 mg/g;与此同时,固定化Lipase G50在高酸值米糠油脱酸中展现出优异的操作稳定性,连续使用10个批次,酯化活力为509.22 U/g,与初始固定化酶相比,酯化活力没有显著降低。脱酸米糠油经分子蒸馏后,其酸值(KOH)为0.19 mg/g,过氧化值为2.16 mmol/kg,达到了GB/T 19112—2003一级米糠油标准。因此,固定化Lipase G50在油脂脱酸领域具有广阔的应用前景。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press