对用DBMS建立一个KBS SHELL的研究

本文阐述了建立大型知识库系统(KBS)的一种策略,通过研究实践,我们确信DBMS除了它已具有的数据库管理功能外,经过改进,它也可以实现对知识的推理功能.为了证明这一点,我们以关系数据库的数据组织形式建立了知识库,并研究设计了用DBMS(INGRES)来执行人工智能产生式语言OPS5的推理策略,以使DBMS成为KBS的SHELL.     

用“规则架＋规则体”表示方法研制医疗专家系统

产生式是专家系统中常用的知识表示方法，但是这种表示方法存在两个问题：一是处理计算的能力较弱，二是当规则比较多时，推理的速度明显下降。在新生儿疾病诊断咨询专家系统（ＸＲＫ）中，采用了我国学者提出的“规则果＋规则体”的表示方法，该法把规则分为两个层次，规则架层描述推理网络中各结．点之间的层次关系，规则体层用以描述结点的具体定值方法，由于节点的定值与推理网络的分离，增强了系统的计算能力，使可信度的计算变得方便灵活。为了提高推理速度，我们用每一个规则体前提条件总数的最小值作为检索的条件，从大量规则中筛选一个子集，并提供了正向推理、反向推理及正反向结合的综合推理策略。ＸＲＫ系统建立了与ＦＯＸＢＡＳＥ的接口，原始数据可直接从病案管理系统提取，实现了管理信息系统与专家系统的结合，使病案管理智能化。为了便于专家修改和扩充知识库内容，ＸＲＫ系统还设计了一个交互式知识获取模块，该模块能对知识库进行增、删、改等操作，实现知识库的管理功能。     

专家系统在钢铁质量检验判定中的应用研究

运用专家系统功能及结构和知识推理控制策略,对钢铁质量检验判定专家系统的建立包括知识库的建立、推理过程和解释机制等进行深入的探讨与研究。     

专家系统在钢铁质量检验判定中的应用研究

运用专家系统功能度结构和知识推理控制策略，对钢铁质量检验判定专家系统的建立包括知识库的建立、推理过程和解释机制等进行深入的探讨与研究。     

知识库系统的逻辑基础

知识库系统以人工智能为基础结合数据库成为当代社会的一门新兴学科,它的核心是知识库,性能则取决于知识库中知识的质量(有效性、完备性、一致性、结构性)和使用知识的方式(推理),而推理算法是建立在逻辑基础之上的,着重论述了建立知识库的描述逻辑基础,以及对描述逻辑存在的不足之处进行了探讨。     

基于数据库的知识表达与推理研究

本文研究了专家系统的知识表达和推理机制,提出了基于数据库的知识表达方式。这种方式使数据库具有了知识库的功能,使知识更容易表达和管理。同时,提出了满足这种表达方式的推理机制,提高了专家系统的推理效率。     

一种诊断型专家系统的设计与实现

描述一种诊断型专家系统,它统属于基于规则的产生式系统,推理机是核心部分,分别采用了正向、反向推理技术、在不确定性知识处理上,应用确定性理论,概率统计理论和证据理论分别建立了不确定性推理模型。本系统采用关系模式来描述知识库,用数据库方法存储管理知识库,以改善知识库的性能,克服专家系统不能有效地利用现有知识库的局限。     

描述逻辑系统εLN中概念最小公共包含推理研究

描述逻辑的非标准推理是上世纪末本世纪初研究者们提出来的一种新的推理机制,它主要包括最具体概念、最小公共包含、匹配问题以及概念的重写等等。非标准推理的提出主要是为了解决人们在知识库的构建、管理、维护等方面遇到的问题,它能为自下而上的知识库构建方式提供必要的支持,这些是传统的标准推理无法提供的。随着描述逻辑的运用越来越广泛,知识库的构建、管理、维护是人们无法回避的问题,因此描述逻辑的非标准推理的研究成为近年来描述逻辑研究者们所关注的热点问题。本文分析了描述逻辑中概念最小公共包含(LCS)推理机制的研究现状和存在的问题,针对目前LCS推理在同时处理存在限制和数量限制的不足,研究了描述逻辑系统εLN的LCS推理算法。首先定义了εLN中的概念描述树及其同态关系,利用描述树之间同态关系给出了概念间包含关系算法。然后通过定义描述树的笛卡尔积给出了εLN中的LCS推理算法,并指出该算法是多项式时间复杂的。     

利用本体建模和SWRL推理实现策略自动部署

为了应对网络结构的动态变化,提高网络管理的自动化水平,要求基于策略的网络管理系统能够准确地识别网络的拓扑结构,并根据当前的网络环境,自动为设备部署合适的策略。本文将本体和SWRL推理技术应用于基于策略的网管系统,对本体知识库和规则推理库的建立进行研究,通过本体建模和规则推理,能够使系统感知网络拓扑的变化,实现策略的自动部署。     

专家系统开发工具SHELL86-BIIC的设计

CHELL86—BIIC是一个专家系统开发工具。它用GCLISP语言编写,在IBM—PC微机上实现。该系统的实现使专家系统的建造者能够通过一系列的菜单交互方式建立某一领域的专家系统。它具有较强的交互能力,并提供了知识库的维护、推理过程的跟踪、知识确信度的计算以及人工干预的学习系统等重要功能。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.