铝-硼和铝-钛-硼中间合金的制造(下)

二、铝-钛-硼中间合金通常,铝-钛-硼中间合金含有2～5％Ti和0.8～1.5％B,而且钛和硼的比例介于2:1至5:1之间。“凯维琪”公司的研究者首先提出了有关三元中间合金的资料(1.英国专利,№802071,1975;2.瑞士专利,№395549,1965)。为了制备中间合金,把铝加热到熔化温度,并在对熔体强烈搅拌之下,加入碱金属的氟硼酸     

新型RE-Al-Ti-B中间合金的制备及其对α-Al细化后重熔细化效果的研究

借助于X射线衍射、扫描电镜、光学显微镜,研究了采用熔配法制备新型稀土铝钛硼中间合金时,强力搅拌对稀土铝钛硼中间合金显微组织的影响,以及稀土铝钛硼中间合金对α-Al细化后重熔组织的影响.结果表明,强力搅拌对稀土铝钛硼中间合金显微组织产生积极影响,强力搅拌后其中间合金组织分布越均匀,有效形核核心就越多,细化后重熔细化效果越好.细化后第1次重熔细化效果不降低,随着重熔次数的增加,形核核心聚集沉淀,有效形核核心减少,重熔细化效果衰退.     

Ti与含Ti或B中间合金对铝晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响

对比研究了电解加钛和含钛或硼中间合金对铝的晶粒细化效果及抗高温衰退能力的影响.结果表明,电解加钛和Al-5Ti中间合金在熔体温度较低时具有较好的晶粒细化效果,但随着熔体温度的升高,细化效果均迅速衰退;电解加钛再熔配加Al-4B中间合金可在熔体温度为720℃时获得最佳的细化效果,随着熔体温度的升高细化效果有所衰退,但衰退速度较慢;在加入Al-5Ti的同时加入Al-4B中间合金可明显提高Al-5Ti的晶粒细化效果和抗高温衰退能力,但效果不如电解加钛加Al-4B中间合金;Al-5Ti-1B中间合金具有最强的抗高温衰退能力,随着熔体温度的升高,晶粒不但不粗化反而有所下降,当熔体温度高于900℃时,才出现衰退现象.对试验结果及晶粒细化机制进行了分析.     

结晶器参数对电磁搅拌磁流耦合特性的影响研究

基于ANSYS有限元数值模拟方法研究了电磁搅拌中结晶器对磁流耦合场的影响规律。结果表明,结晶器的存在导致金属熔体中的磁场、电磁力以及流速等参数均减小;随着结晶器厚度的增加,金属熔体中的最大磁场和流速下降较快。     

铝-硼和铝-钛-硼中间合金的制造(上)

一、铝-硼中间合金通常铝-硼中间合金含有1～3％硼,由含硼的盐类或气体加入。通常使用的含硼的盐类是氟硼酸钾,很少使用硼酸和硼酐;使用的气体是氟化硼或氯化硼。纯硼很难熔于铝,向液体铝中加入粉状的硼,也不是一个很简单的问题。硼粉成为渣状,漂浮在熔体表面而强烈氧化。关于这方面     

在铝铸件中用硼钛中间合金细化晶粒过程的研究

目前,为了在铝及铝合金铸件中细化晶粒,经常使用硼钛中间合金,把其加入到熔体中。这种中间合金除铝外,还含有5％Ti和1％B,其中2.2％Ti结合成TiB化合物,而2.8％Ti进入固溶体中组成Al_3Ti。虽然,通过向熔体中添加硼钛中间合金使晶粒细化的方法早已为人所知,但这一过程的机理还未完全弄清。有两种假说解释在     

铝—钛—硼晶粒细化机理（2）

四、铝-钛-硼中间合金的细化机理发现硼具有显著改善铝-钛中间合金细化性能的作用已经近40年了,而且,近10年来,铝-钛-硼中间合金铸造晶粒的细化处理已得到了广泛的工业应用。在此其间、对铝-钛-硼合金     

用氟化物和金属粉制取铝-钛-硼中间合金

用 Al-Ti 中间合金处理铝熔体的传统方法已有30余年的历史。此法至今仍为某些冶金工作者在某些场合所使用。进一步研究查明,钛与硼结合使用,在加钛浓度低得多的情况下可以大大促进成核过程。例如,最近证明,采用 Al5TilB 中间合金对99.7%纯铝加入0.005%Ti,能使铸锭晶粒达到200微米以下,而用 Al5Ti 中间合金达到同等的细化晶粒效果则需要加入0.06%Ti,     

铝—钛系晶粒细化剂与第三元素

评了在铝－钛中含有第三元素硼，硫，磷等的中间合金，以及它们对铝及其合金细化晶粒的效果。指出铝－钛－硼中间合金仍是迄今为止工业生产中最有效的晶粒细化剂。     

ZL205A合金半连续铸锭夹渣缺陷的研究

以实际生产过程中的ZL205A合金Φ400 mm半连续铸锭在射线探伤检测时发现的夹渣缺陷为研究对象,采用X射线探伤机、金相显微镜、电子探针等手段对夹渣缺陷的产生原因进行分析,提出了新的半连续铸造工艺方案。结果表明:在熔体温度不超过800℃情况下,ZL205A合金的Ti元素溶解极限在0.14%～0.15%,剩余Ti元素作为未溶Al3Ti化合物悬浮在铝液中,在半连续铸造过程中,铝熔体在过滤槽和结晶器托盘中无法搅拌,未溶Al_3Ti发生沉淀、团聚,产生粗大金属化合物,宏观上表现为夹渣缺陷。铸造工艺改进后,Ti元素以0.15%铝钛中间合金+0.02%的铝钛硼丝的方式加入,所生产铸锭夹渣缺陷消除,X射线检验满足了Ⅰ类件要求,铸锭本体抗拉强度达到了464 MPa。     

Effects of electromagnetic stirring on microstructures of solidified aluminum alloys

1　INTRODUCTIONPractically ,mechanicalstirringandelectromag neticstirring (EMS)arewidelyusedtogenerateforcedflowinsolidificationandcastingofmetalsandalloys,resultingin greatchangesofthesolidifiedstructures,segregationsand propertiesofthecast ings .Muchattentionhasbeenpaidtosolidificationofdendriticalloyssuperposedwithforcedflow ,andmanypreviousworkshavebeenfocusedontheeffectsoffluidflowonthestructuraltransitions,suchascolumnar equiaxedtransitions(CET)ormacro segre gationinthealloys[13] .…     

The influence of electromagnetic stirring on Al-Ti-B master alloys

Electromagnetic stirring can improve the refining effect of Al-Ti-B master alloys by removing slag from the melt. When alternating-current magnetic intensity is 2,400 G, slag is removed after the melt has been stirred for three minutes. The magnetic field not only causes the melt to circulate, but also produces the secondary flow 1 cm away from the crucible wall that is the primary cause of slag removal. An alternating-current magnetic field removes slag more efficiently than a direct-current magnetic field. For more information, contact L. Xiangfa, Liquid Metals and Heredity Engineering Laboratory, Shandong University of Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Jingshi Road 73, Jinan, Shandong 250061, China; e-mail xfliu@drns.sdut.edu.cn.     

Al-Ti-B和Al-5%Sr中间合金对轮毂铝合金的晶粒细化和变质作用

采用不同处理状态的Al Ti B中间合金和Al 5 %Sr中间合金 ,对轮毂铝合金Al 7%Si 0 35 %Mg进行晶粒细化和变质处理。在Instron 85 0 2 - 3411型液压伺服疲劳试验机上测试被处理合金的抗拉强度和伸长率。结果表明 :Al Ti B中间合金可有效地细化Al 7%Si 0 35 %Mg合金 ,加入 0 0 6 %Ti即可使合金获得良好的细化效果 ;Al 5 %Sr中间合金可有效地对Al 7%Si 0 35 %Mg合金进行变质 ,加入 0 0 2 %Sr即可使合金获得良好的变质效果 ;快速凝固和热变形处理可有效地改善Al Ti B的晶粒细化效果和Al 5 %Sr的变质效果 ,在获得相同的晶粒细化和变质程度的情况下 ,使Al Ti B和Al 5 %Sr中间合金的加入量减少约 5 0 % ,并使Al 7%Si 0 35 %Mg合金的力学性能有所提高     

Effect of Al5Ti1B master alloy on microstructures and properties of AZ61 alloys

AZ61 alloys with different levels of Al5Ti1B master alloy additions were prepared by conventional casting method.The effects of Al5Ti1B contents and holding time on microstructures and microhardness of AZ61 alloys were studied by XRD,OM and microhardness testing techniques.The results show that when the addition level of Al5Ti1B master alloy is less than 0.5%(mass fraction),the average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of Al5Ti1B content at the same holding time.But the grain size increases somewhat with further addition of Al5Ti1B.The average grain size of the alloys decreases with the increase of the holding time as it is less than 30 min at the same addition level of Al5Ti1B.It is considered that TiB2 particles can serve as the heterogeneous nucleation sites ofα-Mg during solidification,and heterogeneous nucleation is the main reason for the grain refinement of AZ61 alloys.The microhardness of the refined AZ61 alloys with 1.0%Al5Ti1B addition is increased by about 8%.     

Grain refinement of primary Si in continuously cast hypereutectic Al–Si alloy by electromagnetic vibration

Abstract

Refinement of Si crystals in hypereutectic Al–20 wt-%Si alloys was carried out using low frequency electromagnetic vibration direct chill casting of billets with 100 mm diameter. Low frequency electromagnetic vibration was produced in the liquid metal by the simultaneous application of a stationary magnetic field and a variable magnetic field. The stationary magnetic field was generated by supplying an induction coil with direct current. The variable magnetic field was created by another induction coil below the top of the mould, which is supplied with an alternating current. The effects of low frequency and addition of chromium and/or iron were tested. The frequency <37 Hz promoted inhomogeneous distribution of primary Si due to heavy stirring. The diameter of primary Si applied with 27 Hz was ～19 μm. Cr addition, even on the strong magnetic stirring of 15 Hz, shows refinement and homogeneous distribution of primary Si.     

Effects of low frequency electromagnetic field on efficiency of refiner and hydrogen concentration in pure aluminium

Abstract

For aluminium alloys, the sizes of the grains can be important in determining the performance in structural applications. Al–Ti–B master alloy is a good grain refiner for aluminium alloys, but the fraction of particles which nucleate grains is small. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of refiner is studied in this research. The experimental results show that the efficiency of refiner is improved by applying low frequency electromagnetic field. In addition, hydrogen concentration in the melt is reduced from 0.19 mL/100 g to 0.16 mL/100 g when the current intensity is 100 A.     

Al—Ti—C中间合金的相组成及其细化特性

用专利方法制备出各种成分的Al-Ti-C中间合金作为铝及铝合金的晶粒细化剂。对该系列中间合金的组织和物相分析表明：在制备中间合金过程中,C与Ti反应充分,生成TiC和TiAl3两种管二相,且TiAl3析出量取决于中间合金的Ti含量和Ti/C含量比。用于纯铝的晶粒细化试验表明：与Al-Ti-C中间合金相比,Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化效率更高;Al-Ti-C中间合金只有在组织中TiC与TiAl3保持适当比例时,才能对纯铝产生良好的晶粒细化效果,不含TiAl3的Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化作用很微弱;用Al-Ti-C中间合金细化纯铝晶粒时,响应时间短,但衰退较快,且不能通过熔体搅拌法予以消除。分析和探讨了Al-Ti-C中间合金的晶粒细化机理,认为“碳化物理论” 不能充分解释Al-Ti-C的晶粒细化机理,提出“Ti在TiC或TiAl3颗粒表面富集引发包晶反应”的晶粒细化机制。     

不同加钛方法对6063合金细化的研究

加钛方式不同，钛含量不同，对铝及其合金的晶粒细化效果不同。对比研究了用电解低钛铝合金、加Al—5Ti中间合金、Al—5Ti—1B中间合金及电解低钛铝合金加Al—B中间合金4种加钛方式及不同钛含量对6063合金的晶粒细化效果。研究结果表明：不同的加钛方式对6063合金均有明显的细化效果，随着钛含量增加，晶粒逐渐变细；钛含量相同时，电解加钛的细化效果优于Al—5Ti中间合金的细化效果；当合金中含有硼时，钛含量相同时，电解加钛加Al—B中间合金的细化效果优于加Al—5Ti—1B的细化效果。     

二冷电磁搅拌下板坯连铸机内流动和凝固行为

二冷电磁搅拌(S-EMS)是板坯连铸生产中重要的电磁冶金技术。采用数值模拟方法研究了二冷电磁搅拌对板坯连铸机内钢液流动和凝固的影响。数值结果表明,二冷区电磁辊产生的磁场主要集中在电磁辊附近。二冷电磁搅拌对结晶器钢液的流场影响不明显,对二冷区凝固坯壳的厚度影响也不明显。当上下两对电磁辊的电流方向相反时,二冷区流场呈三环式;当上下两对电磁辊的电流方向相反时,二冷区流场呈双蝶式。     

Structural heredity between Al5Ti1B and AlTi, AlB master alloys

1INTRODUCTIONAl5TilBmasteralloyiswidelyusedinalu-minumindustryasahighlyeffectivegrainrefin-.,[1~4],itusuallycontainsTiAl3andTiB2parti-clesinanAl..t.i.[5'6J,amongothersTiB2particlesactasnucleantsofa(Al),whileTiAl3particlesaredissolvedinAlmeltandpromotetheformationofTiB2...l...t,L7,8].SOmetimes,Al5Ti1BmasteralloycontainscertainAlB2parti-cleswhenitisproducedbyfirstaddingKBF4a11dthenK,TiF,['],thiswillinfluenceitsgrainrefiningefficency.ThepreparingmethodsofAl5Ti1Bmasteralloymainlyi…