二水湿法磷酸工艺磷收率提升的研究与应用技术

针对全球磷资源贫化、磷酸装置磷收率偏低的状况,重点研究影响磷收率的关键因素和介绍提升磷收率的若干技术,应用于生产取得磷收率、洗涤率、磷矿分解率分别达约97%、99%、98%,磷石膏中w(P2O5枸溶)由原0.5%降至0.14%,w(P2O5水溶)降至0.16%的较好效果。     

磷石膏洗涤率测定方法的探讨

磷石膏洗涤率测定方法的探讨宋荣先（开封化肥厂硝酸磷肥分厂）我厂是以硝酸分解磷矿，以磷石膏的形式除钙的硝酸磷肥厂。自１９８６年开车以来，磷石膏洗涤率的测定一直沿用老厂在磷铵及磷酸生产中磷石膏洗涤率的测定方法。其数值是依据磷石膏水溶磷及磷矿石的氧化钙、酸...     

二水湿法磷酸生产中提高磷得率的措施

介绍采用低品位磷矿生产湿法磷酸中通过改善磷矿萃取率和磷石膏洗涤率来提高磷得率的措施。措施实施后,磷得率由90.0%提高至94.3%,年创造效益5 200万元。     

磷石膏在过磷酸钙生产中的应用

1　磷石膏在湿法过磷酸钙生产中的应用为利用磷石膏 ,我公司将其与磷矿搭配 ,在 6万吨 /年湿法过磷酸钙装置上使用 ,用磷石膏取代低品位磷矿。根据配矿品位 ,将湖北矿 (P2 O5干基 含量为 31% )与磷石膏按 4∶ 1混合 ,矿浆中 P2 O5含量控制在 2 5 %～ 2 7% ,生产的成品肥均达到部颁过磷酸钙合格级标准。前期试生产中 ,将磷石膏与磷矿按 1∶ 4掺配后 ,一起进入球磨机 ,给生产带来物料流动性差 ,因腐蚀导致机物料损耗上升 ,矿浆水分不易控制等问题。后将磷石膏与磷矿石分开输送 ,在混化岗位混合器之前增设 1台搅拌器 ,将矿浆与磷石膏均匀混合…     

细粒磷矿硫酸酸解过程的磷石膏结晶研究

本文以浮选后的细颗粒(55~60μm)马边磷矿为代表性矿样,通过正交实验设计及极差分析方法探讨反应温度、停留时间、液相SO3质量浓度、料浆液固比等因素对细粒磷矿分解及磷石膏结晶的影响。结果表明:细粒磷矿分解的实验室较佳工艺条件为:反应温度85℃、液相SO3质量浓度0.040 g/mL、液固比3.0∶1、反应时间4.0 h。在此工艺条件下,磷酸的萃取率为93.43%,磷石膏的平均粒径为74.47μm。同时对实验数据进行回归分析,得到细粒磷矿磷酸萃取率和磷石膏平均粒径的数学模型,该模型能较好地预测和优化细粒磷矿分解和磷石膏结晶的过程。     

磷酸高效分解磷矿实验研究

为改进湿法磷酸生产工艺,提高副产石膏的品质,减少湿法磷酸固体副产物磷石膏堆存产生的经济和环保压力,进行了磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的实验研究。采用贵州某磷矿为主要原料,研究了湿法磷酸预分解磷矿的反应条件。通过单因素实验确定了湿法磷酸分解磷矿最优反应条件：反应温度为75 ℃,磷酸与磷矿的质量比（液固比）为9,反应时间为3 h,磷酸质量分数为30%（以五氧化二磷计）。在此条件下,磷矿的分解率为98.62%。     

工业磷酸分解磷矿影响因素及副产物性质研究

为改进湿法磷酸生产工艺,提高副产磷石膏的品质,减少湿法磷酸固体副产物堆存产生的经济和环境压力,进行了工业磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的实验,同时对固体副产物的性质进行了分析。工业磷酸分解磷矿制磷酸的工艺分为两步：第一步,工业磷酸与磷矿反应,得到磷酸二氢钙溶液和酸不溶渣;第二步,浓硫酸与磷酸二氢钙溶液反应,得到磷酸溶液和高纯石膏。采用单因素实验考察了酸比（工业磷酸用量与理论磷酸用量的物质的量的比值）、磷矿粒度、反应温度和反应时间对磷矿中磷浸出率的影响。得到磷矿酸解适宜工艺条件：酸比为6.8,磨矿细度为小于0.074 mm粒级占60%,反应温度为50 ℃,反应时间为2.5 h。在此条件下,磷矿中磷的浸出率可达87.69%。磷矿酸解制磷酸产生的固体副产物中石膏占35.32%（质量分数）、酸不溶渣占64.68%（质量分数）。制备的高纯石膏的纯度为95.80%,工业利用价值较高,有利于提高湿法磷酸固体副产物的利用率。     

磷石膏与硫化氢气体反应制硫化钙的实验研究

对磷石膏在硫化氢气氛中还原分解制取硫化钙的过程进行了研究,经过热分析实验对磷石膏在硫化氢气氛中反应的机理进行研究,管式炉实验探讨了反应温度、反应时间和不同添加剂对磷石膏分解率及硫化钙产率的影响。结果表明:磷石膏在反应温度为950℃、反应时间为45 min,且添加Ca Cl_2或者Fe_2O_3的情况下磷石膏分解率能达到95%以上,分解渣中80%以上是硫化钙,Mg O对硫化氢气氛下磷石膏的分解率和硫化钙的产率影响较小。     

湿法磷酸副产淤渣的均衡利用措施

针对稀磷酸沉降产生的淤渣送至萃取槽的量不稳定而影响萃取槽料浆结晶效果,以及导致磷石膏总磷、枸溶磷、水溶磷偏高的问题,新建淤渣缓冲槽收集各沉降槽排放淤渣后,稳定送回萃取槽。通过改造,改善了工艺控制指标,萃取料浆固含量合格率、SO3合格率,磷收率分别提高了1.14个百分点、2.83个百分点、0.58个百分点。     

复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏的影响因素

采用高硫煤与煤矸石制备成复合还原剂还原分解磷石膏,研究了还原剂配方及粒度、C/S值（物料中C与S的摩尔比值）、反应温度对炉气二氧化硫浓度、磷石膏CaSO4分解率和脱硫率影响。结果表明：二氧化硫浓度可达16.02%,磷石膏中CaSO4分解率大于95%,磷石膏脱硫率大于90%,能为制酸提供合格的原料气和为制水泥提供合格的原料。     

我国磷肥及大宗磷酸盐产品现状及发展浅析

分析我国磷资源保障状况,以及磷肥、大宗磷酸盐产品的行业现状,预测磷肥及磷酸盐发展前景:我国磷资源保障程度相对较好,需重视氟等伴生资源的综合利用;磷肥产能、产量供过于求的状态将长期存在,发展特制肥料应成为磷肥企业的发展方向;大宗正磷酸盐产能和产量已经饱和,湿法磷酸可替代热法磷酸生产的产品品种有限。可为业内相关企业实施结构调整、转型升级作参考。     

The agronomic effectiveness of reactive rock phosphate,partially acidulated rock phosphate and monocalcium phosphate in soils of different pH

The initial and residual fertilizer effectiveness of North Carolina RP (rock phosphate), monocalcium phosphate and partially acidulated RP (made from North Carolina RP at 30% acidulation), both granulated and non-granulated, were measured in a glasshouse experiment. Triticale (xTriticosecale) was grown for 30 days on a soil that had been adjusted to three pH values (4.2, 5.2 and 6.2). Two crops were grown with a six month interval between crops. The effectiveness of the different fertilizers was compared using relationships between (1) yield of dried tops and the amount of P applied and (2) P content (P concentration in tissue multiplied by yield) and the amount of P applied. For the first crop, relative effectiveness (RE) of the fertilizers was calculated relative to granulated monocalcium phosphate, the most effective fertilizer. Monocalcium phosphate was not applied to the second crop, so relative residual effectiveness (RRE) was estimated for each fertilizer relative to the residual effectiveness of granulated monocalcium phosphate.The relative effectiveness of granulated monocalcium phosphate (band application) was greater (RE = 1.00) than of North Carolina RP (0.01–0.02) and partially acidulated RP (0.45–0.76) for all three soil pH values for the first crop. Granulation and band application increased the effectiveness of monocalcium phosphate and partially acidulated RP, but reduced the effectiveness of North Carolina RP. Both non-granulated monocalcium phosphate and partially acidulated RP were less effective than granulated partially acidulated RP for both crops. For the second crop granulated monocalcium phosphate was most effective and the RRE of non-granulated partially acidulated RP (0.16–0.32) and North Carolina RP (0.19–0.28) was greater than for non-granulated monocalcium phosphate (0.12). For the more acidic soil the RE of non-granulated North Carolina RP was four times higher than for the high pH soil for the first crop and 60% higher for the second crop, but it was still poorly effective relative to granulated monocalcium phosphate. Granulated North Carolina RP was least effective among all the fertilizers for all soil pH values and for both crops.     

饲料级磷酸盐生产中磷、氟在线分析研究

通过流动注射分光光度法分析了泵连续稀释净化后的湿法磷酸样品,建立了磷、氟的同时在线分析系统,并与喹钼柠酮重量法和氟离子选择电极法进行对照。结果表明:五氧化二磷测定的线性范围为20~250 mg/L,测定频率为40次/h,RSD<1.0%;氟离子测定的线性范围为0.2~1.2 mg/L,测定频率为30次/h,RSD<3.0%,m(P2O5)/m(F)测定的RSD<3.0%。该方法能够快速、准确测定出样品中的磷、氟含量,同时实现饲料级磷酸盐生产过程中的磷氟比在线分析监测。     

瓮福磷矿选矿试验及选矿厂生产调试

介绍了瓮福磷矿英坪矿段磷块岩富集的反浮选法和焙烧－消化－分级法的小试验、扩大试验指标，以及捕收剂代用的试验结果，重点介绍了选矿厂生产调试的浮选流程、药剂用量、生产设备和试生产指标。     

Investigation of calcium phosphate formation from calcium propionate and triethyl phosphate

Synthetic calcium phosphates are used in for example bone cements and implant coatings to increase biocompatibility. The common method to produce tricalcium phosphate (TCP) uses high temperatures, which creates large crystals with low specific surface areas. In order to investigate new methods to produce TCP at lower temperatures, the reaction between calcium propionate and triethyl phosphate conducted at 220 °C was studied. The method had a near 100% conversion rate, the main synthesis products were calcium phosphate and ethyl propionate. The formed calcium phosphate polymorph could be controlled depending on the water content of the precursor mixture. Anhydrous conditions created amorphous calcium phosphate. As the concentration of water increased, β-TCP was formed, followed by calcium deficient hydroxyapatite and monetite. The particle size increased with the water content, from 20 to 40 nm for amorphous calcium phosphate to tenths of micrometers for monetite. The specific surface areas varied between 209 m²/g for the amorphous product to 3.6 m²/g for the monetite product.     

The polymerization of hexachloro cyclotriphosphazene by molybdenum phosphate and tungsten phosphate

The polymer of (NPCl₂)₃ was obtained by bulk polymerization. Especially, linear polymer was predominantly formed when tungsten phosphate as catalyst was used.     

磷精矿杂质指数与磷铵总养分的关系

讨论磷精矿中主要杂质进入产品酸的状况,简要介绍黄麦岭磷酸、磷铵工艺,并以黄麦岭磷精矿及工艺、产品质量数据为基础,总结出磷精矿杂质指数与磷铵总养分的关系;浓磷酸密度与磷铵总养分的关系,可为磷酸、磷铵工艺及产品质量控制提供预测。     

利用磷矿制备饲料添加剂磷酸二氢钙

以磷矿为原料制备磷酸,通过化学沉淀法脱氟除杂质得到净化的磷酸,再将净化后的磷酸与碳酸钙反应制备饲料级磷酸二氢钙.考察了硫酸质量分数、石灰乳用量、反应时间和反应温度4个因素对磷酸二氢钙产率的影响,得到了制备磷酸二氢钙的最佳工艺条件:硫酸质量分数60％,石灰乳用量7.00 g,反应时间1.5h,反应温度50℃.在此最佳工艺...     

磷酸锌钾和磷酸锌关系的机理探讨

采用磷酸、氧化锌、硝酸锌、氢氧化钾等为原料,研究了4种不同的工艺路线合成KZnPO4。通过XRD检测发现,4种工艺合成的KZnPO4均含有KZn2HPO4PO4。经实验分析表明,按反应方程式反应,可分别合成KZn2HPO4PO4和KZnPO4;其中KZn2HPO4PO4是合成KZnPO4的中间产物;而分别由KZn2HPO4PO4和KZnPO4出发与锌盐反应都可以合成磷酸锌。     

瓮福矿区白云质磷块岩选矿技术研究及实践

介绍了瓮福集团利用自行研发的WF-01捕收剂选别原矿品位为24.65%的磷矿石的工业试验结果,以及将自行研发的调整剂WFS与WF-01捕收剂混合用于工业性生产试验的结果,此外还介绍了尾矿再选试验结果.结果表明,采用WF-01捕收剂可获得P<,2>O<,5>品位为34%左右,MgO1.2%以下的磷精矿;采用WFS加WF-...