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《有机硅氟资讯》2008,(8)
栏目点评:
我国拥有大量的萤石资源。而现在,随着我国向节约型社会的转变,如何合理利用这些宝贵的非再生资源成为了硅氟行业发展所面临的一个严肃问题。
经过半个多世纪的发展,我国硅氟行业仍然停留在对萤石资源的粗加工利用的基础上,低端产能早已超饱和;同时由于自身利用能力不足,导致高品位萤石资源大量出口。许多国外企业利用这些酸品味资源生产出高端产品,进而进军中国硅氟高端产品市场。如此以往,中国的萤石资源不但无法得到合理利用,反而由于大量出口而严重滞后了国内硅氟工业的发展。
从积极意义上讲,国内高端硅氟工艺的缺乏正是今后行业发展的巨大空间。但是,这里有一个不可忽略的问题,就是作为硅氟工业基础的萤石是非再生资源,如何保护并利用好它们。国内某省就曾自认萤石资源丰富并大量开采粗加工,以致现在需要大量从外地购买萤石。这不能不算是前车,它带给我们的远远不是国内萤石资源流通的教训。
国内硅氟工艺落后。大量从事硅氟提取的厂家使用原始工艺,同时国内科研机构等学术力量对次也有重视度不足之嫌。学术是为了搞创造、搞科研,但是最终,还是要应用于实践的,无论你的学术研究多么超前和理论。
工艺是可以依靠技术发展起来的,要将这些工艺技术、萤石资源合理整合并加以利用需要庞大实力支撑。而国内大型硅氟企业,诸如道康宁、杜邦之类都是外资企业,真正本土成长出来的大中型企业少之又少,更无须说凤毛麟角般的跨国企业了。所以,大型财团、企业家乃至政府需要为该行业本土企业的发展提供经济支撑。
还有重要的一点,硅氟行业的生产链。没有任何厂家在能够脱离这个生产链,开发利用萤石资源仅仅是这个生产链中的一个小小组成部分。紧跟开发利用其后的,是萤石资源、硅氟粗产品的销售和利用企业,接着是硅氟精细加工企业,然后是上层销售企业和产品使用用户,如此一直循环延续。相较国外大型企业而言,各层本土硅氟企业均更具亲和力,因而也更具发展潜力。
天时地利人和,至此已得其二,剩下的就是天时。
这里天时可作两层含义解释:1、发展硅氟行业的商机。随着全球原油价格的飞涨,硅氟产品凭借其低成本、耐水、耐候等优良特性已经获得原料厂商诸多青睐;并以其无污染的环境优势大力迎合社会需求。
2、政府政策与决策的支持。国家作为阶级社会的统治阶层,其法令和决策势必会影响行业发展。政府支持和扶持本土硅氟企业,制定优惠政策和推行措施,将会大力推进国内萤石资源的保护利用、硅氟行业工艺技术、生产规模和科研能力的提升。 相似文献
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简单介绍了氟化氢生产装置中副产硅渣的组成,及其晶格氟对硅渣应用的影响,提出了硅渣制备偏硅酸钠联产氟化钠产品的工艺,研究了硅渣溶解温度及物料配比对偏硅酸钠模数的影响、偏硅酸钠与氟化钠过滤分离、滤饼氟化钠的提纯过程工艺参数对氟化钠产品质量的影响。该研究使硅渣中的硅转化成硅酸钠产品,硅渣中的游离氟和晶格氟转化成了氟化钠产品,将废弃物硅渣变废为宝,提高了资源利用率,降低了硅渣对环境的污染。 相似文献
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在农业生产中,磷肥是农作物生长发育主要的肥料之一,在磷肥中含有大量的氟元素和硅元素,但氟元素的回收效果并不良好,容易造成资源浪费,不符合我国生态资源可持续发展理念。因此,对磷肥生产中氟资源的回收进行分析与讨论,并介绍一种可以在磷肥中有效回收氟化物的工艺流程,以充分对氟元素进行回收与二次利用。该工艺流程主要是将磷肥中的含氟废气转化为氟硅酸铵,再通过氨化处理得到二氧化硅和氟化铵,通过进一步回收加工获得氟资源和硅资源,进而创造可观的经济价值。 相似文献
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含氟聚硅氧烷兼具了有机氟和有机硅材料的耐高低温、耐化学腐蚀、耐油耐溶剂、低表面张力和低介电常数等优异性能,引起了人们极大的研发兴趣,广泛应用于汽车、电子、日用化学品、医学和航空航天等领域。本文介绍了近年来含氟聚硅氧烷在氟硅橡胶、氟硅低表面能涂料、氟硅防污涂料、氟硅防污闪涂料、氟硅离型剂、氟硅润滑油脂、氟硅压敏胶、氟硅消泡剂、氟硅整理剂、氟硅人工晶体和氟硅化妆品添加剂等领域的研究成果,分析了含氟聚硅氧烷在应用研究方面的发展趋势,最后指出可中低温固化的液体氟硅橡胶、耐化学腐蚀的氟硅低表面能涂料、高含氟量的长链含氟聚硅氧烷,以及可应用于3D打印成型技术的含氟聚硅氧烷将是未来氟硅应用研究的重要方向。 相似文献
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苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况,合成乙苯,苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类,并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。 相似文献
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Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile
Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, 13C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
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The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu3Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu3Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters. 相似文献
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《国际聚合物材料杂志》2012,61(1-4):113-122
Abstract Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed. 相似文献
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G. R. Hamed 《The Journal of Adhesion》1983,16(1):31-39
A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength. 相似文献
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Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method1 was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity. 相似文献
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责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体. 相似文献