电流互感器局部放电原因、局部放电试验方法及其排除试验中干扰问题

本文分析了互感器产生局部放电的原因，找出了影响测量局部放电因素的各个环节，并介绍了局部放电的试验方法、试验的干扰和区分。     

空间等离子体环境模拟与地面试验技术

为了研究电离层等离子体环境与航天器的相互作用,北京卫星环境工程研究所研究了一台空间等离子体模拟试验设备.设备尺寸为Φ1500 mm×3000 mm,采用微波电子回旋共振等离子体源,试验容器的等离子体密度为104/cm3～106/cm3可调,等离子体温度～1eV,等离子体不均匀度小于25%.在这台设备上进行了高压太阳电池阵模块等离子体带电试验研究,观察到了互连片与玻璃盖片三角区的触发放电及相邻电池串间的二次放电现象,获得了放电阈值、放电率及放电波形等参数,为高压太阳电池阵等离子体带电防护设计提供了试验数据.     

LHT-100霍尔推力器滤波设计与放电震荡关系研究

为了对LHT-100霍尔推力器放电震荡进行抑制,研制了与推力器相匹配的放电震荡抑制装置。结合国内外霍尔推力器放电震荡研制背景,通过仿真分析和集成试验两种手段,对LHT-100霍尔推力器放电震荡情况进行了研究。根据试验结果表明滤波参与下放电回路震荡得到了有效抑制,为电推进系统稳定工作提供了可靠保障。     

Analysis and research on acoustic efficiency of underwater plasma sound source

为研究水下等离子体声源放电系统的声效率问题,系统地分析了水下等离子体电晕放电和电弧放电两种放电方式的微观机理以及等离子体声源放电系统各部分之间的能量转换流程,建立了一套完整的系统声效率计算模型,同时设计了水下等离子体脉冲放电试验系统.通过比较和分析水下脉冲电晕放电和水下脉冲电弧放电的声效率发现,系统中电弧放电的声效率明显高于电晕放电.通过水下高压脉冲放电试验,详细分析了水下等离子体放电系统中关键部件对系统声效率的影响.分析结果表明:关键部件的设计和参数的优化配置对整个系统的声效率有重要影响;通过声效率的分析,能够准确评估水下等离子体声源的设计合理性.     

静电放电模拟器校准及影响因素研究

针对静电放电模拟器校准中存在的开路电压和放电电流校准重复性和可靠性问题,介绍开路电压和放电电流的校准原理与方法,通过试验对影响静电放电模拟器的开路电压和放电电流校准的环境条件、接地、示波器采样率等因素进行分析研究,试验表明严格控制这些影响因素提高静电放电模拟器校准结果的重复性和可靠性。在实际的校准工作中,可降低校准结果的不确定度,提高校准结果的准确度。     

ESD30C静电放电仿真系统

静电现象广泛存在于自然界、工业生产和人们的日常生活中,随着科学技术的发展,静电技术得到广泛的应用,但是静电同时也给人们带来重大损失和危害,如何提高产品的防静电能力成为大家关注的焦点,要进行防静电试验必须首先建立静电放电仿真系统.本文介绍了ESD30C静电放电仿真系统,论述了该测试系统建立的必要性、功能、系统组成及使用方法.     

高功率脉冲磁控溅射试验平台设计及放电特性研究

高功率脉冲磁控溅射(HPPMS)因其高离化率而得到广泛关注,是目前的热点研究方向,为此我们搭建了试验平台并对HPPMS的放电特性进行了研究.结果表明:脉冲峰值电流随脉冲电压的增加而增加,随着气压的增加而增加.本文为进一步研究高功率脉冲磁控溅射提供了硬件条件和参考.     

GB 4943.1-2022与GB 4943.1-2011关于插头放电试验的差异分析

GB 4943.1-2022相较于GB 4943.1-2011在标准结构和内容上发生了重大的变化，标准制定基于危险的安全工程理念，引入疼痛和伤害模型，增加了能量源界定等。本文通过对GB4943.1-2022与GB4943.1-2011关于插头放电试验的差异对比分析，结合实例研究，以期对相关产品的研发和设计及检测实验室的检测能力储备提供一些借鉴作用。     

表面钝化处理对SPS Ti/HA生物材料性能的影响

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了Ti/HA复合材料,研究了不同配比的Ti/HA复合材料的显微组织、致密度及pH值,并进行了生物溶血试验。结果表明:经颗粒表面钝化处理后,50％Ti-50％HA复合材料的相对密度由73％提高到94.4％,pH值保持中性,溶血试验指标为4%,符合生物材料的应用要求。     

常压等离子体渗氮主要工艺参数分析

利用介质阻挡放电，进行了常压非平衡等离子体渗氮，着重讨论了有关工艺参数的影响情况。正交试验结果表明，合理选择放电电压、放电间距和渗氮温度是获得良好渗氮层的关键。在本工艺条件下，适当减小放电间隙，增大电场强度，可以明显提高渗层的硬度和深度。     

低摩擦系数固体润滑涂层研究进展

低摩擦系数固体润滑涂层在许多领域得到了广泛应用,探索新型固体润滑涂层体系及其制备技术是摩擦学研究的热点.本文综述了聚四氟乙烯自润滑涂层、二硫化钼自润滑涂层以及类金刚石薄膜作为自润滑减摩涂层的原理及其研究取得的进展,介绍了新型自润滑涂层的制备技术,同时还指出了固体润滑涂层有待进一步研究的问题.     

硅晶体中热施主研究

本文综述了直拉(CZ)硅单晶中与氧杂质有关的热施主现象的研究,阐述了硅中热施主的基本性质、基本理论、近期研究进展以及主要研究方向。     

生命科学研究前沿的若干问题

当今的生命科学研究可归纳为 3类 8个生命科学发展研究前沿问题 ,通过对这些问题的讨论 ,使研究者全面了解整个生命科学研究现状 ,明确今后发展研究方向和目的     

Indicators of research planning: A comparative study of research groups in six countries

In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine the characteristics of research planning at the micrososmic level of the research group in six countries-Argentina, Egypt, India, Republic of Korea, Poland and UkSSR. The paper focusses on the following aspects: (1) intrinsic and extrinsic factors influencing the choice of research themes and orientation of the research programme; (2) quality of research planning measured by dimensions, such as planning consistency, task-interdependence and prior contacts with potential users; and (3) pattern of funding of research groups. Variations in the characteristics of research planning and funding mechanisms in different institutional and socio-cultural settings (countries) have been examined.     

Evaluation activities in the Nordic countries

There has been extensive experience with evaluations in the Nordic countries. The paper gives a brief overview of work related to: evaluations of research fields, bibliometric studies, evaluations of research programmes, performance of research institutes, evaluation of bodies supporting research, evaluation of universities, indicators and databases.Evaluations of whole areas of research started in the Nordic countries in the early 1980's. Another Nordic speciality is the evaluation of research-funding bodies. These evaluations comprise the Swedish Council for Planning and Co-ordination of Research, the Norwegian Research Council for Science and Humanities, the Academy of Finland and the Technology Development Centre (TEKES).Many research programmes, research institutes and more narrow research fields have been evaluated in the Nordic countries. The evaluations have covered the tasks, performance and structure of these organisations. Lately, whole universities have been evaluated. A number of theoretical and methodological studies on evaluation have been published. Indicators of scientific, technological and educational performance and output have been developed in the Nordic countries. The paper deals mainly with ex post and to some extent also mid-term evaluations. However, ex ante evaluation, including peer review, has actively been developed and applied in the Nordic countries, though these developments lie outside the scope of this paper.Typical for many Nordic evaluations is the use of foreign evaluators. Others have been based on surveys with potential users of research results and the scientists involved. Some of the evaluations have combined these approaches. Bibliometric studies have been performed parallel with some of the evaluations. Other bibliometric studies have compared the performance of the Nordic countries in an international perspective. In most cases the results of the evaluations are actively made public. Many of the evaluations combine an assessment of quality and relevance.According to Nordic experiences important conditions for useful evaluations are: credibility implying the use of impartial and recognised experts and professionally done surveys; careful timing; active publicising of evaluation results; transparency of evaluation procedure; concrete measures and action following the evaluation.When possible data required for the evaluation should be collected already in connection with the application or the report of the projects.     

Design Computing Unit: University of Sydney

Conclusion Design research has a long history dating back to Vitruvius. However, it has only been in the last three decades that a small number of coherent research streams has developed. At the same time there has been an increasing interest by research funding bodies in funding design research. The research of the Design Computing Unit is concerned with developing an understanding of design as a process. It uses the computational paradigm as its starting point and treats design as a very complex form of intelligent human behavior. The results of this research are a better understanding of design as a process rather than design tools. The apparently unique nature of design, namely, how the act of designing changes the stated problem, means that research into design requires more than the simple importation of ideas from other areas. Design research is only now coming to grips with the need to generate its own paradigm.     

产品模型和设计过程的演化和融合

从设计历史、设计方法和设计约束三方面分析了产品模型和设计过程的融合与演化。不同设计阶段之间的模型转化和信息继承是设计历史与过程演进的本质。不同的产品信息表示适合于不同的设计方法处理；不同的设计方法决定了不同的设计过程演变。并以油泵产品设计为例，辅证了上述三方面的理论分析。     

On the data and analysis of the research output of India and China: India has significantly fallen behind China

An analysis of the number of research papers from India and China in the fields of sciences and engineering between the years 1975 and 2012 is presented. The results show that while Indian research output has increased steadily, the Chinese research output has been increasing at a rate far outpacing that of India. The research output of China has been increasing with distinct inflection points that show an acceleration in output growth. The research output for India shows periodic inflection points that show either an acceleration or deceleration in output growth. The possible reasons for the inflection points are discussed. Simple statistical analyses are used to analyze the trends in output. Although multiple factors affect a nation’s research output, this paper highlights that the government programs targeted to increase the research output from universities may create inflection points resulting in a rapid increase in the research output. The article also highlights that India has fallen far behind China in terms of scientific and engineering research output, providing important clues for the future growth of the two countries.     

Planning projects with scarce resources: Yesterday,today and tomorrow’s research challenges

This paper is an invited request to describe the main research challenges in the domain of resource-constrained project scheduling. The paper is split up in three parts. In today’s challenges, research endeavors that have received a significant, but still not enough, attention have been described. In tomorrow’s research challenges, some promising research avenues for future research have been given. Finally, in yesterday’s challenge, a research topic that started decades ago, is said to have still a huge potential in tomorrow’s research agenda. This paper does not intend to give a full literature overview, nor a summary of all possible research paths. Instead, it is inspired from the author’s experience in academic research and practical consultancy and it serves as a personal opinion on a non-exhaustive set of promising research avenues, rather than giving a full literature-based advice for future research directions.