烧结温度对多孔TiNi合金微观结构和力学性能的影响

采用Ti、Ni纯元素混合粉末真空烧结技术制备了孔隙分布均匀且力学性能优良的多孔TiNi形状记忆合金(SMA),并利用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜及电子万能试验机研究对比了900、950、1000、1050、1100和1150℃6个不同烧结温度对合金微观结构和力学性能等的影响。结果表明,烧结温度是影响多孔TiNi合金性能的决定性因素,通过调节烧结温度可有效调节合金的相组成、孔隙特征和力学性能。随着烧结温度的升高,合金的次生相逐渐减少,相组成成分更加均一;致密度不断提高,由59%上升到62%,孔隙分布愈加均匀且孔隙形貌由多尖角形趋于球形化;抗拉强度由72.43MPa增加到160.12MPa,弹性模量从1.08GPa增加到1.32GPa。     

SPS制备TiNi增强镁合金复合材料的微观结构及力学性能

以AZ31镁合金为基体,TiNi形状记忆合金丝为增强体,利用放电等离子烧结法（SPS）制备了TiNi/Mg复合材料,用OM、SEM、EDS对其微观形貌进行表征,并用XRD及DSC研究TiNi丝的相变,同时对该复合材料进行准静态拉伸实验,对其室温及高温力学性能进行研究。结果表明,所制备的TiNi/Mg复合材料中界面处存在Mg、Ti、Ni元素的互扩散现象,并形成宽度约为2 μm的互扩散层;所制备的TiNi/Mg复合材料的高温力学性能高于室温,其中其屈服强度、抗拉强度及弹性模量在100℃时（分别为157 MPa,292 MPa,22 GPa）较室温分别提高了12%、33%和29%,150℃时（分别为143 MPa,251 MPa,20 GPa）较室温分别提高了2%、14%和18%。     

Effect of mechanical activation procedure on the phase composition of gypsum

This paper examines the effect of mechanical activation by impact and attrition milling in planetary and ball ring mills on the phase composition of gypsum. Partially dehydrated powders obtained without heat treatment contain up to 60–70% β-CaSO₄ · 0.5H₂O (impact milling) and up to 40–47% α-CaSO₄ · 0.5H₂O (attrition milling). On the addition of a set retarder (maleic acid + poly(vinyl alcohol)), such materials acquire high strength during hardening: up to 11–17 MPa in compression and 7–12 MPa in bending.     

马氏体相变温度变化对TiNi合金磨损性能的影响

利用等通道转角挤压工艺原理，在挤压模具通道转角为90°，温度为750、850℃，挤压速率为25mm／s条件下，对TiNi合金进行晶粒细化加工处理。在干摩擦条件下对细晶TiNi合金的磨损特性进行了实验研究。结果表明，原态钛镍合金的晶粒由60μm细化到小于10μm，晶粒细化后的TiNi合金的耐磨性能得到显著提高。分析了马氏体相变温度变化对TiNi合金耐磨性能的影响机理。     

Effect of electroplastic rolling on the ductility and superelasticity of TiNi shape memory alloy

The brittle TiNi shape memory alloy strips were processed by electroplastic rolling (EPR) without intermediate annealing. The maximum thickness reduction of the alloy strip in the individual EPR pass can be 21.6% and the total deformation in terms of thickness reduction can reach 74% in the seven passes of EPR processing. The ductility of the TiNi alloy is enhanced by electropulse due to the dynamic recrystallization in the process. The rolling separating force in EPR drops compared to the cold rolling. Furthermore, the EPR processed TiNi after annealing exhibits an excellent superelasticity and the recoverable strain of 6% is obtained.     

Electric resistance variation during isothermal deformation of a titanium-nickel alloy

Changes in the electric resistance and strain were simultaneously measured during isothermal torsion of a titanium-nickel alloy specimen. It was established that the inelastic deformation of the specimen in the austenite state is not accompanied by reconstruction of the alloy lattice.     

Effects of electropulsing treatment on mechanical properties in Ti rich TiNi shape memory alloy

Abstract

The influence of electropulsing treatment on thermomechanical behaviour in terms of transformation temperatures and mechanical properties of a cold worked Ti rich TiNi shape memory alloy was studied. The results showed that the transformation temperatures increase with increasing current intensity. The superelasticity of the alloy is improved after the electropulsing treatment, and the hardness of the alloy decreased with increasing current intensity. The microstructure of the alloy showed that the above changes can be attributed to the decreasing dislocation density due to the current pulses.     

电子辐照影响TiNi形状记忆合金R相变的研究

用能量为1.7MeV不同注量的电子辐射了TiNi形状记忆合金,通过温度控制使辐照在合金的R相状态进行,发现辐照使合金和奥氏体逆转变开始温度As和结束温度Af升高,随着辐量的增加有增大的趋势,且奥氏体转变滞后也有所增大,R相转变开始点Rs和转变结束点Rt略有增加。XRD结果表明电子辐射成了R相点阵畸变,随辐照注量的增加有增大的趋势。这一变化被认为是辐照引入的点缺陷导致了R相稳定化,并且部分缺陷打打扎了R相界面造成的。这一结果为记忆合金相变点的调节提供了新方法。     

退火对镀钽TiNi合金微观组织结构和血液相容性的影响

采用原子力显微镜(AFM)和X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了退火处理对TiNi合金钽镀层微观组织结构的影响,研究表明采用多弧离子镀在TiNi合金表面沉积得到了β-Ta镀层,经退火处理后,钽镀层的表面粗糙度增加,亚稳定的β-Ta相完全转变为稳定的α-Ta相.采用血小板粘附试验研究了退火对镀钽TiNi合金血液相容性的影响.发现经过退火处理后血小板粘附数量明显降低,血小板没有发生聚集和变形,只有少数长出了伪足,即血小板基本未被激活,说明退火改善了镀钽TiNi合金的血液相容性.     

Two-stage superelasticity of a Ce-added laser-welded TiNi alloy

Microstructure, phase transformation and stress-strain behaviors of a Ce-added laser welded TiNi alloy have been studied. An Nd:YAG laser was used for butt fusion of two Ti-50.9Ni alloy plates with a (Ti-50.9Ni)-5Ce stripe pre-assembled between their joint. Microstructure, phase constitution, phase transformation and stress-strain behavior of several TiNi alloy specimens were researched with SEM, XRD, DSC and tensile test, respectively. Unlike the typical monotonous superelasticity of base metal and Ce-free welded TiNi, the Ce-added welded TiNi specimen shows a peculiar two-stage superelasticity. Based on results of SEM, XRD and DSC tests, a mechanism for the two-stage superelasticity has been discussed.     

Effect of compressive stress aging on transformation strain and microstructure of Ni-rich TiNi alloy

The Ti–50.7%Ni (atom fraction) alloy rods were compressive stress aged at 400 °C, 450 °C and 500 °C for different time, their strain behaviors accompanied by temperature elevation were investigated, and their microstructures were observed. It is found that the compressive stress aged TiNi alloy rod displays an obvious contractive strain behavior in the stress direction as the temperature is elevated from approximately 55–75 °C. Compressive stress causes the parallel alignment of the aging precipitate Ti₃Ni₄ in the TiNi alloy, which controls the martensitic transformation (B19′ transformation) and its reverse transformation, leading to its contractive strain behavior accompanied by temperature elevation. The contractive strain of the TiNi alloy compressive stress aged at 400 °C for 100 h is increased with increasing compressive stress up to 140 MPa. Higher aging temperature and longer aging time lead to the coarsening of the precipitates and the enlarging of the inter-precipitate spacing, and therefore result in a decrease in the contractive strain.     

Effect of CaO on thermal decomposition during sintering of composite hydroxyapatite-zirconia mixtures for monolithic bioceramic implants

Abstracts are not published in this journal This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of internal oxidation on the mechanical properties of a Cu-Co-Si alloy

The mechanical properties of an internally oxidized Cu-Co-Si alloy of wire form was studied by torsional deformation. It is found that as a result of the internal oxidation the ageing heat-treatments lead to the formation of regions with cylindrical symmetry which have significantly different mechanical properties.     

Effect of sinter duration on the mechanical properties of a tungsten alloy

The effect of sinter duration on the tensile strength and ductility in tension of a 95%W-3.5%Ni-1.5%Fe alloy was shown to be negligible. The alloy showed a broad ductile to brittle transition as the testing temperature was reduced below 100°C, and this was also unaffected by the sinter duration. Despite the negligible change in mechanical properties with sinter duration, the fracture mode changed with an increased proportion of transgranular tungsten grain fracture at the expense of tungsten-tungsten interface fracture, at the longer sintering times. Quantitative metallography showed that grain size increases and tungsten-tungsten spheroid interface area decreased with increasing sintering time. The mechanical property and fracture morphology observations have been interpreted in terms of these microstructural changes.     

Effect of deformation on the permeability of porous titanium-nickel alloys

The values of permeability ratio were determined for several porous titanium-nickel alloys with various average pore size. It was established that the flow rate of various fluids through the porous alloys under the reversible alternating strain conditions decreases on stretching and increases on compression of the samples. A 10% change in the strain level leads to a 15% variation in the fluid flow rate.     

高能球磨时间和退火温度对制备TiNi合金粉的影响

为获得高能球磨时间和退火温度对TiNi机械合金粉特性的影响机制,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱仪(EDS)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)等分析方法对TiNi合金粉进行了研究。结果表明,机械合金的相成分随着在氩气保护气氛中的球磨时间和退火温度的不同而发生变化。球磨22h的产物是非晶态TiNi合金、Ti的固溶体、Ni的固溶体,球磨27h的产物是非晶态TiNi合金粉和Ni固溶体相,球磨30h发生了明显的固相反应,生成了TiNi、Ni3Ti、Ti3Ni4等物相;在650℃/5h和1000℃/5h下的退火产物都是Ni3Ti、Ti2Ni、TiNi2、TiNi和TiC,但在上述2个退火温度下TiNi并不是主要物相,其中在650℃退火时TiNi的含量明显更低。     

Effect of composition on the enhanced microwave sintering of alumina-based ceramic composites

A series of comparative experiments were performed in which a number of alumina-zirconia compositions were sintered in both microwave and conventional furnaces, using identical heating profiles. Measurement of sample end-point densities showed an enhancement of the sintering process associated with the use of microwave heating for all compositions studied. The associated microstructures examined using scanning electron microscopy showed slightly larger grain sizes for the microwave-sintered compacts, as would be expected from their higher densities. The design of a high-temperature sintering dilatometer has allowed continuousin situ monitoring of the densification process in both the microwave and conventional environment. Data obtained in this way have shown that there is an effect of composition on microwave densification. This appears to be related to the increased lossiness of the composite, (increased zirconia content), rather than the effect of zirconia as a sintering aid. In addition the dilatometer results suggest that the microwave enhancement of the sintering process may be due to a reduction in the activation energy for grain-boundary diffusion.Electricity Association Technology Ltd. Registered Office: 30 Millbank, London SW1P 4RD.     

时效对TiNi合金激光焊缝金属逆相变温度的影响

为探索焊缝金属逆相变温度随时效处理工艺的变化规律,利用OM、SEM、DSC对母材和经过时效处理的激光焊缝金属的组织形貌、析出相分布及逆相变温度进行了研究.结果表明,焊缝金属逆相变开始温度As和结束温度Af对焊接工艺参数不敏感,但时效处理能够明显提高焊缝金属的逆相变温度,其中As升高的更快,且焊缝金属As、Af与时效时间呈近线性关系.时效处理能明显提高焊缝金属的As、Af,其机理是时效促进了沉淀相析出,沉淀相对基体相的钉扎作用增加了低温马氏体的稳定性;另外,富Ni沉淀相的析出导致基体相Ni含量降低,也促进了As、Af升高.