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1.
In this study, mechanical properties of resistance spot welding of DP450 and DP600, galvanized and ungalvanized automotive sheets have been investigated. The specimens have been joined by resistance spot welding at different weld currents and times. Welded specimens have been examined for their mechanical, macrostructure and microstructure properties. Depending on the weld current and time, effects of zinc coating on tensile properties, microhardness values as well as microstructure nugget geometry and nucleus size ratio have been investigated. X-ray diffraction analysis has been used to investigate the phase that formed at the joint interface. Result of the experiment show that nugget diameter, indentation depth and tensile load-bearing capacity are affected by weld parameters. Coating prevents full joining at low parameters. Microhardness increased in heat-affected zone and weld metal.  相似文献   

2.
A welding procedure based on using two-pass laser scans is introduced for dissimilar joining of overlapped galvanized high-strength dual-phase (DP) steel DP590 to aluminum alloy (AA) 6061 sheets. The first pass is based on a defocused laser spot that scans across the top of the two overlapped sheets and heats the zinc coating at the faying surface to be melted and partially vaporized, while the second pass is executed with a focused laser spot in order to perform the welding. Completely defect-free galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints were obtained by using this two-pass laser welding procedure. An on-line machine vision system was applied to monitor the keyhole dynamics during the laser welding process. An energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out to determine the atomic percent of zinc, aluminum, and iron in the galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints. Mechanical testing and micro-hardness test were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of the galvanized steel to aluminum lap joints. The experimental results showed that the lap joint of galvanized steel to aluminum obtained by the two-pass laser welding approach had a higher failure value than those joints obtained when the zinc at the faying surface was mechanically removed under the same welding speed and laser power.  相似文献   

3.
目的 研究在双相钢电阻电焊过程中马氏体含量对点焊接头组织、性能的影响规律。方法 使用电阻点焊机对DP780、DP980、DP1180 3种马氏体含量不同的锌铁合金化热镀锌双相钢进行焊接,利用欧姆表、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸机和显微硬度计等设备,对基板的电阻率、工艺窗口、接头力学性能、焊点断裂模式、金相组织进行表征。结果 在AWS D8.9M-2012焊接标准体系下,DP780、DP980、DP1180焊接电流窗口依次减小,DP780、DP980、DP1180 3种材料在最大焊接电流下的焊核直径基本一致;熔核区硬度呈增大趋势,DP780点焊接头软化不明显,DP980和DP1180的热影响区出现明显的软化现象,这主要是由母材热影响区中的马氏体回火造成的。DP780、DP980、DP1180的最大剪切力分别为23 062、27 317、28 183 N。DP780为拔核断裂模式,DP980和DP1180为部分拔核断裂模式。结论 双相钢中马氏体含量的增加会使焊接电流窗口降低,整体向焊接电流减小的方向偏移,但是会提高上限电流的焊点承载强度。  相似文献   

4.
Aluminium alloy 6111-T4 and steel DC04 1 mm sheets have been successfully welded with a cycle time <1 s by “Abrasion circle friction spot welding”, a novel approach to joining dissimilar materials. This was achieved by using a probe tool translated through a circular path to abrade the steel sheet. It is shown that successful welds can be produced between these two weld members with a cycle time of less than one second, that exhibit very high failure loads and a nugget pullout fracture mode desired by industry. Transmission electron microscopy investigation of the joint interface revealed no intermetallic reaction layer. The weld formation mechanisms are discussed.  相似文献   

5.
本文研讨了镀铅钢板电阻点焊时,镀铅层的变化和它对接头性能的影响。试验结果表明,镀铅使焊接区的电流密度下降,析热量减少;焊后镀铅以片状或以“膜”的形式残留,在接头中这些均对接头的拉剪强度有影响。当采用大电流、短时间的强规范焊接时,能显著降低这种影响。  相似文献   

6.
Investigating the joining capability of magnesium AZ31 alloy sheets and aluminium 1350 alloy sheets with the application of resistance spot welding was the objective of this study. The weld current values used in the welding process of Al–Mg sheets were 22, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, and 33 kA. The studies examined the nugget geometries of joined specimens, recorded the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of the welded zone and the fracture surface, and recorded the energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS, semi-quantitative) analyses. The results of the experiment confirmed that nugget geometry was different for the Al and Mg sides. Tensile shear tests carried out on the welded joints determined their strength and failure mode. The increase in the weld current and duration resulted in an increase in the nugget size and the weld strength. According to observations, the tensile load bearing capacity (TLBC) increased up to 29 kA of the weld current value. It was also found that tearing during fracture occurred in two different ways.  相似文献   

7.
Laser welding is becoming increasingly common and has been found to be of particular interest in the welding of various steel structures. A new generation of high power lasers has entered the market during recent years. These lasers have thus far mostly been used for welding of thin sheet. However, with the availability of higher power, such lasers have possible application to thick section welding. This study investigates the performance and potential of deep penetration laser welding of S355 EN 10025 structural steel of 20 and 25 mm thickness with a high power fiber laser at power levels of 12–30 kW. Visual examinations of the macrographs and hardness tests of all welded specimens were made. Quality windows were drawn based on the results of the experiments. Preferable welding parameters are formed based on the experimental study. The results of the hardness test show that surface hardness level of the weld is up to 2.5 times higher than the surface hardness of the base material.  相似文献   

8.
Abstract

Resistance spot welding is the dominant process for joining sheet metals in automotive industry. Despite the application of three thickness resistance spot welds in this industry, present guidelines and recommendations are limited to two thickness spot welds. Study towards better understanding of weld nugget growth and mechanical properties is the first step to understanding the welding behaviour and developing proper guidelines for the three thickness resistance spot welding. In this paper, weld nugget growth, mechanical performance and failure behaviour of three thickness low carbon steel resistance spot welds are investigated. Macrostrcutural and microstructural investigations, microhardness tests and quasi-static tensile–shear tests were conducted. Mechanical performance of the joint was described in terms of peak load, energy absorption and failure mode. In order to understand the failure mechanism, micrographs of the cross-sections of the spot welded joints during and after tensile–shear are examined by optical microscopy. Unlike two thickness resistance spot welded joint, weld nugget was formed in the geometrical centre of the joint (i.e. centre of the middle sheet). Weld nugget size along sheet/sheet interface was greater than that of along geometrical centre of the joint. Increasing welding time leads to increases in peak load and energy absorption of the joint and transition of interfacial failure mode to pullout failure mode, primarily due to the enlargement of weld nugget size along sheet/sheet interface.  相似文献   

9.
General Motors (GM) has developed a proprietary resistance spot welding (RSW) process using a multi-ring, domed electrode geometry that has been used successfully in automotive aluminum welding operations. To enhance structural performance, one-part epoxy adhesives are frequently applied prior to RSW to create weld-bonded joints. The addition of adhesive can result in additional porosity created within the weld nugget. Therefore, the adhesive's impact on mechanical properties, especially fatigue properties requires further investigation.Load-controlled fatigue testing was conducted on dissimilar aluminum alloy spot welds made of AA5754 wrought sheet and Aural2 die casting sheet with and without the addition of adhesive prior to welding. The same GM RSW electrode and weld schedule was used for both conditions. The results show that the addition of adhesive results in a larger nugget size, but similar maximum load in tension-shear testing. X-ray computed tomography during interrupted fatigue testing of the spot welds shows that the main fatigue crack initiates at the edge of the nugget in the plane of the faying interface and penetrates through the Aural2 die cast sheet in the thickness direction. Using the structural stress concept, it was also found that the structural stress range–fatigue life curve for these spot welds, both with and without adhesive, falls onto a single master curve indicating that the nugget size which corresponds to the tensile and bending strength dominates the fatigue life and that adhesive-induced porosity within the weld nugget does not harm fatigue performance.  相似文献   

10.
The 3-mm-thick copper plates were friction stir welded at a low tool rotation rate of 600 rpm. The influence of welding speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints was investigated. As the welding speed increased, the grain size of nugget zone first increased and then decreased, the thermo-mechanically affected zone became narrow and the boundary between these two zones got distinct, but the heat affected zone was almost not changed. The ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the joints increased first and decreased finally with increasing welding speed, but the effect was little when the welding speed is in the range of 25–150 mm/min. The defect-free joints were produced at lower welding speeds, and the fracture locations were outside the nugget zone on the retreating side. With increasing welding speed, the average hardness of nugget zone decreased first and then increased, but welding speed had little effect on the hardness of the other regions within the joints.  相似文献   

11.
In this study the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of resistance spot welds (RSW) done on aluminium alloy 6082-T6 sheets, welded at different welding parameters, is examined. Microstructural examinations and hardness evaluations were carried out in order to determine the influence of welding parameters on the quality of the welds. The welded joints were subjected to static tensile-shear tests in order to determine their strength and failure mode. The increase in weld current and duration increased the nugget size and the weld strength. Beyond a critical nugget diameter the failure mode changed from interfacial to pullout. Taking into consideration the sheet thickness and the mechanical properties of the weld, a simple model is proposed to predict the critical nugget diameter required to produce pull-out failure mode in undermatched welds in heat-treatable aluminium alloys.  相似文献   

12.
In this article we highlight the results of a recent study undertaken to understand the influence of tool geometry on friction stir welding (FSW) of an aluminum alloy with specific reference to microstructural development, defect formation, and mechanical response. The welding trials were made on 4.4 mm thick sheets using tools made of die steel and having different diameters of the shoulder and the pin, and the profile of the pin. Throughout the welding operation, the rotational speed, traverse speed, and tool axial tilt were held constant at 1400 rpm, 80 mm/minute, and 0 degrees, respectively. For a shoulder diameter of 20 mm and a pin diameter of 6 mm, the severity of defects in the weld was found to be the least and the resultant tensile strength of the weld was high. For the welds that were made using a tool having a shoulder diameter of 10 mm and a pin diameter of 3 mm the tensile strength of the weld was the least since the degree of defects observed were higher.  相似文献   

13.
针对DP590高强钢薄板, 本文提出一种应用双脉冲电流进行高强钢胶接点焊的连接工艺,通过双脉冲胶接点焊正交试验,研究双脉冲胶接点焊工艺对接头力学性能及显微组织的影响,并应用极差分析获得双脉冲胶接点焊最优工艺参数,对比分析单脉冲和双脉冲胶接点焊接头的力学性能、金相组织、显微硬度.研究表明:双脉冲电流的引入可有效降低胶接点焊过程飞溅的产生,提高胶接点焊工艺的稳定性.其中,电流是影响双脉冲胶接点焊接头力学性能的主要因素.采用双脉冲胶接点焊工艺,可明显细化熔核区的晶粒,熔核区密集分布大量的板条状马氏体,有助于提升焊核区的显微硬度,提高接头的整体韧性和强度.  相似文献   

14.
Advanced high strength steels (AHSS) are essential to meet the demands of safety and fuel efficiency in vehicles. In this paper, we present the results of laser welding of two AHSS steels, TRIP780 and DP980. A 2 kW Trumpf TRUDISK 6002® Yb:YAG laser beam was utilized to join 1 mm thick TRIP780 with 1.5 mm thick DP980 and 1 mm thick mild steel. Optical metallography was used to characterize the weld profile and microstructures. Microhardness, tensile and fatigue tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties. Results indicate that the laser welds exhibit excellent strength and hardness with minimal defects which are attributed to the high beam quality, disk type of laser. In addition, there is a distinct effect of pre-straining of TRIP780 steels on the energy absorption.  相似文献   

15.
为研究电容储能缝焊工艺对304不锈钢接头性能的影响规律,对0.5 mm厚304不锈钢板进行了缝焊工艺实验,通过接头拉剪力检测和金相显微组织观察,对比了不同焊接速度、充电电容和放电频率下的缝焊接头组织特点,并分析了各工艺参数对接头拉剪力、熔核宽度、焊缝重叠量和焊透率的影响.结果表明:储能焊焊缝中心晶粒细小,熔合区为柱状晶,重叠部位晶粒粗大,接头组织呈现不均匀性,随着充电电容的增大晶粒变得更细密,组织不均匀程度显著降低,焊接速度和放电频率增大导致晶粒组织粗化并出现缩孔缺陷,提高电极压力可克服缩孔并使组织趋向均匀;充电电容对接头拉剪力的影响较小,焊接速度、充电电压、放电频率和电极压力调到一个合适值后,继续增大参数值对接头拉剪力影响很小;焊接速度的增大引起焊缝熔核宽度和重叠量急剧下降,充电电压增大引起焊缝焊透率下降过多,导致飞溅、过烧、毛刺等焊接缺陷的产生.因此,304不锈钢储能缝焊应采用低的焊接速度、较小的充电电压和较高的电极压力。  相似文献   

16.
Fatigue performance of spot welded lap shear joint is primarily dependent on weld nugget size, sheet thickness and corresponding joint stiffness. Two automotive steel sheets having higher strength lower thickness and lower strength higher thickness are resistance spot welded with established optimum welding condition. The tensile‐shear strength and fatigue strength of lap shear joint of the two automotive steel sheets are determined and compared. Experimental fatigue life of spot welded lap shear joint of each steel are compared with predicted fatigue lives using different stress intensity factor solutions for kinked crack and spot weld available in literature. Micrographs of fatigue fractured surfaces are examined to understand fracture micro‐mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
目的 为了适应空间曲面构件的搅拌摩擦焊,开展6061铝合金无倾角搅拌摩擦焊工艺及性能的研究。方法 采用无倾角搅拌摩擦焊用的搅拌头,对5 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板材进行试验,研究焊缝成形及接头力学性能,并分析接头组织特征。结果 零倾角搅拌摩擦焊接头从组织上可区分为5个不同区域:焊核区(WNZ)、热力影响区(TMAZ)、热影响区(HAZ)、轴肩影响区(SAZ)和母材(BM);随着搅拌头转速增加,焊缝宽度和焊核尺寸均先变大后变小;随焊接速度增加,焊缝宽度和焊核尺寸均逐渐变小;当焊接速度固定时,随搅拌头转速增加,接头拉伸强度先增加后减小;当搅拌头转速固定时,随焊接速度增加,接头拉伸强度逐渐增大。结论 采用无倾角搅拌摩擦焊接方法,能够实现对5 mm厚6061-T6铝合金板材的有效焊接。  相似文献   

18.
SUS304不锈钢板点焊接头超声成像及力学性能EI北大核心CSCD   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用超声波水浸聚焦入射法,对1mm厚的SUS304奥氏体不锈钢板点焊接头进行超声C扫描成像检测,研究不同焊接工艺参数下接头的C扫描图像特征,检测分析点焊的熔核直径,并对点焊接头进行拉伸-剪切实验。结果表明:超声波水浸聚焦C扫描成像法能够有效检测点焊熔核直径,为4.76~5.25mm,比金相实测值大2.6%~5.3%;随着焊接电流的增加(4-8kA),接头的失效载荷均值从7116.8N增加到9707.1N,能量吸收均值从66.3J增加到196J,同时反映在C扫描图像上的熔核直径也从4.76mm增加到5.11mm;当焊接电流增加至9kA时,接头的失效载荷均值下降至6799.5N,能量吸收均值下降至41.3J,此时在C扫描图像上反映出飞溅、焊穿等典型的焊接缺陷。  相似文献   

19.
Hook defect (HD) seriously decreases the mechanical properties of friction stir spot welded (FSSW) joints. In this study, two methods were therefore used to eliminate the HD in pinless FSSW joints. The one is changing welding parameters such as rotating speed and dwell time. The other one is FSSW plus subsequent friction stir welding (FSSW-FSW), which is an innovative method proposed in this study. Experimental results showed that the HD in pinless FSSWed AA2024 joints was successfully eliminated by using FSSW-FSW, not by changing process parameters. The joints without HD exhibited a tensile–shear load of as much as 12 kN, which was higher than that of 6.9 kN in the joints with HD. Furthermore, it was proved that the tensile–shear load is not greatly improved only by increasing the nugget zone when HD still existed in the FSSW joints. In addition, the fracture morphology analysis demonstrated that the shear fracture of the FSSW-FSW joints took place along the boundary between the upper and lower sheets through the weld nugget, and the faying surface between the two sheets was completely sheared off.  相似文献   

20.
The aircraft aluminium alloys generally present low weldability by traditional fusion welding process. The development of the friction stir welding has provided an alternative improved way of satisfactorily producing aluminium joints, in a faster and reliable manner. In this present work, the influence of process and tool parameters on tensile strength properties of AA7075-T6 joints produced by friction stir welding was analysed. Square butt joints were fabricated by varying process parameters and tool parameters. Strength properties of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the microstructure, microhardness of weld nugget. From this investigation it is found that the joint fabricated at a tool rotational speed of 1400 rpm, welding speed of 60 mm/min, axial force of 8 kN, using the tool with 15 mm shoulder diameter, 5 mm pin diameter, 45 HRc tool hardness yielded higher strength properties compared to other joints.  相似文献   

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