温度对电流变流体流变行为的影响

研究了温度对硅铝酸盐、沸石、高分子、钛酸钡悬浮相电流变流体(ERF)抗剪强度及表观粘度的影响规律,结果表明,温度的作用规律主要受外加电场强度和悬浮相数量的影响,与剪切速率的大小无明显关系。温度升高,在高的外加场强下,硅铝酸盐系ERF和沸石系ERF的抗剪强度有明显峰值出现;高分子材料悬浮相ERF也有峰值现象;BaTiO3悬浮相ERF的抗剪强度则单调下降。     

温度对电流变液体流变行为的影响

研究了温度对硅铝酸盐、沸石、高分子、钛酸钡悬浮相电流变液体（ERF）抗剪强度及表观粘度的影响规律,结果表明,温度的作用规律主要受外加电场强度和悬浮相数量的影响,与剪切速率的大小无明显关系。温度升高,在高的外加场强下,硅铝酸盐系ERF和沸石系ERF的抗剪强度有明显峰值出现;高分子材料悬浮相ERF也有峰值现象;BaTiO3悬浮相ERF的抗剪强度则单调下降。     

Control of radiation heat transfer through a composite window featuring ER fluid: A conceptual investigation

Radiation heat transfer control through the application of an electric field upon an Electroheological (ER) fluid based composite material is an innovative new area of research. A conceptual experiment has been conducted to study radiation heat transfer through a composite window featuring an ER fluid. The composite window is composed of two thin glass plates with a layer of ER fluid contained between them. The glass walls were transparent except for a very thin coating of an electric-conductive film which enabled the inside of the glass surfaces to serve as electrodes. The ER fluid was contained between the glass surfaces and consisted of a suspension of micron sized crystalline zeolite particles in a silicon oil. This study has demonstrated the unique capability of ER fluids to regulate and control radiation heat transfer via transmittance measurements. A semi-empirical model is developed from the experimental data to correlate the dependence of radiation transmission through ER fluids based on several physical parameters (f_v, V^*, and L). This model agrees reasonably well with the measured data. The results obtained in this study are very important to those concerned with the development of a thermally smart material for heat transfer control.Presented at the Second Minsk International Heat and Mass Transfer Forum, May 18–22, 1992.     

Gelation of chitin and chitosan dispersed suspensions under electric field: effect of degree of deacetylation

Herein, the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) on the gelation of the chitosan dispersed suspension as an electrorheological (ER) fluid under an electric field is presented. The fluids were prepared by dispersing the chitin and the chitosan particles having various DDs into silicone oil, and they were evaluated under various electric fields. The alignment of chitosan particles in the fluid was also observed using an optical microscope under the electric field. The formed fibrous structure between electrodes are though to continue to the viscosity increase, because an attempt to move one electrode relative to the order would be hindered by the drag of the dangling fibrils. A noteworthy result is that the region of the frequency for gel state of the ER fluids increased in the order of chitosan DD 99.3, 93.4, 73.2, 83.8, and 87.3% under electric fields while the modulus of the fluids increased in the reverse order. This order was well-matched with the result of dielectric constants and yield stresses of ER fluids. The study of influence of DD on the gelation of the chitosan dispersed suspension under an electric field shows the relevance of the chemical composition of the heteropolysaccharide (chitin-chitosan copolymer) to the rheological and electric properties of ER suspensions.     

Sol-Gel Preparation of Graphite/TiO2 Composite Particles and Their Electrorheological Effect

Graphite/TiO2 composite particles were obtained by sol-gel technique in this paper. The structure and characteristic of the composite particles are analyzed by XRD, SEM and TG-DTA. The electrorheological properties of the ER fluid containing the particles were measured by a Couette-type rheometer under shear rates of 1～136 s-1 and AC electric fields of 0～3 kV/mm. The experimental results show that the leaking current density of the ER fluid is higher than that of pure titanium dioxide particles dispersed in damping oil. The shear yield stress of the ER fluid increases with increasing electric field and exhibits a typical Bingham flow behavior. The suspension demonstrates an excellent ER performance (τ/τ0=1200) compared with conventional ER fluids (τ/τ0 ≤500). The sedimentation of the ER fluid is improved obviously due to the coating effect of the particles.     

智能复合材料结构的主动振动控制

本文提出应用电流变体(Electro-Rheological Fluids)材料作为复合材料结构振动主动控制的材料,针对含电流变体材料的智能复合材料悬臂梁,进行了振动的主动控制,测试了智能复合材料悬臂梁在外加电场作用下,弹性模量、衰减系数、固有频率等振动特性的变化,同时,针对不同的梁材料,给出了材料变化对梁振动控制的影响.     

电流变弹性体夹层结构梁的动力学仿真研究

对电流变弹性体夹层悬臂梁在不同电场控制下的振动响应特性和可控性进行研究。将电流变弹性体等效为一种具有电控力学性能的粘弹性阻尼材料,基于Hamilton原理建立了三层电流变弹性体夹层梁的有限元动力学方程,仿真分析了其在不同外加电场控制下的振动特性。分析结果显示,随着外加电场强度的增加,电流变弹性体夹层梁的固有频率不断增大,振动幅值却不断减小。表明电流变弹性体夹层梁具有与电流变液夹层梁相似的可控振动响应特性,能在外加电场作用下实现对结构振动的实时控制。     

电流变液夹层壳体振动隔离的实验研究

测试实验主要研究外加电场对电流变液夹层圆柱壳体振动的控制效果.实验选用由淀粉、纳米硅粉和二甲基硅油配制的电流变液,将其灌注于双层圆柱形壳体夹层中,通过对双层结构内外壁(可看成两个电极)所加电压的控制,来测试电流变液对结构振动传输的影响情况,以此来研究电流变液壳体结构的减振性能以及结构响应特性.同时实验还对不同电流变液在不同外加电压下的流变特性进行了定性比较和分析.     

Electrorheological Fluids Based on Titania Particles Coated with Silica and Their Application in Smart Windows

The electrorheological (ER) fluids are colloidal suspension of highly polarizable particles in a non-conducting solvent.Chains of submicron-sized particles formed along an applied DC electric field by the so-called electrorheological effect.According to the obvious change of transmittance of the ER fluids in a DC electric field when the polarized particles arranged along the field,the model of smart window was proposed by sandwiching the ER fluids based on titania particles coated with silica between a pair of In-Sn oxide (ITO) coated glasses.The solar transmittance change as much as 48.0% was obtained with the wavelength of 500 nm at the maximum on applying and removing the electric field of 500V/mm.     

圆筒式磁流变离合器的设计分析

磁流变离合器是通过磁流变液的剪切应力传递转矩的器件.本文建立了圆筒式磁流变离合器的几何设计方法,得到了磁流变液传递的转矩和两圆筒间能产生磁流变效应的最小间隙的设计计算公式,为离合器的几何设计奠定了理论基础.研究结果表明:转矩可由外加磁场连续控制;选择磁饱和时高屈服应力和零磁场时低粘度的磁流变液材料,能使设计的离合器的尺寸小而紧凑.     

Damping characteristics of electro-rheological fluid sandwich beams

Summary This paper presents experiments aimed to critically examine the damping mechanisms in sandwich beams filled with electro-rheological (ER) fluids. ER fluids made from silicone oil and with different concentrations of starch are used in the present study. It is observed that loss factors increase with increase in the applied electric field and concentration of starch. It is also observed that the complex hysteresis behavior of ER fluids is less dominant in sandwich structures.     

Electroactive response of mesoporous silica and its nanocomposites with conducting polymers

Electroactive response of suspensions of mesoporous silica and its nanocomposites with conducting polyaniline and copolyaniline inside its channels were examined under an electric field, mainly focusing on their rheological characteristics. Initially these conducting polymer/mesoporous silica nanocomposites were synthesized and their physical properties were studied by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and N₂-adsorption isotherm. Then, mesoporous silica and its nanocomposites were dispersed in silicone oil as an electrorheological (ER) material. Typical ER behaviors of shear stress and shear viscosity curves as a function of electric field and shear rate were observed. Without an electric field, the suspensions behaved almost like a Newtonian fluid. However, under an electric field, their shear stresses increased with shear rate, demonstrating a yield stress. Compared with mesoporous silica and polyaniline, polyaniline/mesoporous silica-based ER fluid showed enhanced ER performance due to the anisotropic characteristics. In addition, it was found that a suggested shear stress model (Cho–Choi–Jhon model) well described the flow curves.     

ER流体特性及其研究现状

本文简要介绍了ER流体现象及其力学和电学性能,给出了描述ER流体行为的一般理论,提出了ER流体应用中目前存在的主要问题。     

稀土改性二氧化钛电流变液的剪切强度随温度变化关系

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了系列锐钛矿型掺杂稀土元素二氧化钛粉粒,在干态下对其所配制的电流变液进行了力学性能测试及其温度效应研究。结果表明,掺杂后的电流变液性能远优于同条件下所制纯二氧化钛电流变液。温度效应明显优化,在10 ℃~100 ℃均有较强的电流变活性,使用温度范围比纯二氧化钛电流变液大幅度加宽,80℃剪切应力达到最大。材料中的RE/Ti摩尔比对电流变效应影响显著,不同温度下RE/Ti=0.07~0.11之间电流变液呈现最佳的电流变效应,RE/Ti摩尔比引起电流变液介电性质的改变是电流变效应增强和不同的起因。     

ER Smart Fluids: Properties and Applications

ER fluid is one of the popular materials used in smart materials and structures (SMS). In thispaper, several ER fluids were synthesized. The static and dynamic mechanic characteristics weremeasured and discussed. The application of ER fluid on a sandwich beam featuring ER fluidapplied to vibration control was investigated.     

电流变液用于旋转运动柔性梁振动控制的实验研究

建立了用于旋转运动电流变夹层梁振动响应测试的实验系统.对电流变夹层梁在不同电场强度与旋转速度下的振动响应特性进行了实验研究.实验结果显示,旋转运动电流变夹层梁在外加电场的作用下,能快速抑制梁的残余振动,缩短振动衰减时间.表明在外加电场的控制下,电流变材料能有效抑制旋转运动柔性梁的振动.     

硫酸改性TiO2粒子的表征与电流变性能研究

采用硫酸溶液浸渍TiO₂干凝胶的方法制备了硫酸改性的TiO₂粒子, 并组成了具有显著电流变性能的电流变材料. 用FT-IR、XRD、比表面积分析仪等表征了样品结构, 并测试了其电流变性能. 结果表明：由于硫酸根对晶粒生长的阻碍作用, 与纯TiO₂粒子相比, 硫酸改性的TiO₂粒子的晶粒尺寸降低, 比表面积提高, 并含有大量的强极性键SO. 当电场强度为3kV/mm时, 纯TiO₂粒子电流变液的场致剪切应力与零场剪切应力之比（τ_E/τ₀）仅为80, 而硫酸改性TiO₂电流变液的τ_E/τ₀高达500. 产生这些现象可归因于硫酸改性TiO₂粒子带来的结构改变赋予其明显的界面极化能力.     

磁流变液的流体动力学理论

在外加磁场作用下,磁流变液从牛顿流体变成了Bingham体,超过屈服应力开始流动,其的流变性(弹性、塑性、粘性)、磁化性、导电性、传热性以及其它的机械性质和物理学性质皆发生显著的改变.研究磁流变液在外加磁场作用下,流场分布规律随磁场强度变化的动态特性,建立磁流变液的流体动力学理论,对开发和设计磁流变器械至关重要.本文运用物理学和流体力学的基本理论,结合本构方程,考虑磁场对磁流变液的流动的影响,建立了磁流变液力磁耦合的流体动力学模型,给出了描述磁流变液流动的基本方程组.     

Silica nanoparticle decorated conducting polyaniline fibers and their electrorheology

Polyaniline (PANI) fibers as well as silica nanoparticle decorated PANI (silica-PANI) fibers were successfully synthesized as a dispersed phase of an electrorheological (ER) fluid. The fibers obtained through interfacial polymerization were about 300-400 nm in diameter and 2-5 μm long. Then the fibers were redispersed in ethanol containing tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and silica nanoparticles were formed on the surface of the fibers through a modified Stöber method. The ER characteristics of the ER fluids based on pure PANI fibers and silica-PANI fibers were examined under various electric field strengths using a rotational rheometer, demonstrating slight different flow curves for the silica-based ER fluid.     

电流变液的发展现状

电流变液自1947年被Winslow发现以来,因其能快速、可逆地实现液一固相转变,并具有响应快（毫秒级）、连续可调、能耗低等优良特性,越来越为有关工程技术人员所关注。研究表明,电流变液在工程机械、液压系统、航空航天、机器人等众多领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文回顾了电流变液的发展和国内外的研究现状,阐述了电流变液的特点、组成、相关参数、理论模型及应用和优缺点,详细论述了产生电流变的机理、设计制造高性能电流变液的方法,并在此基础上提出了一些笔者对介电模型和电导模型的观点。