Dynamic modeling of a horizontal washing machine and optimization of vibration characteristics using Genetic Algorithms

In this work, a 2D dynamic model of a horizontal axis washing machine is derived regarding the rotation plane in order to examine the vibration characteristics of the spin-cycle and improve the design proposing a new optimization scheme based on Genetic Algorithms (GA). The dynamic model is numerically simulated and the outputs are validated using experimental vibration data acquired from a test-rig including the drum and the motor of a horizontal-axis washing machine. The measurements are performed using piezo-transducers and a novel measurement scheme is used to obtain displacement values from acceleration data as well as estimating the instantaneous frequency of the rotation with appropriate signal processing. This study has two main contributions: (i) a new method for design improvement applying GA to optimization of vibration characteristics for the horizontal-axis washing machines, and (ii) a novel measurement method yielding the displacement in 2D and instantaneous frequency of vibration from acceleration data. While the GA is contributing to passive improvement methods in the field, the novel measurement method opens the way for low-cost diagnosis and active-vibration control of washing machines.     

Current‐mode quadrature oscillator using current differencing transconductance amplifiers

This article presents a new electronically tunable single‐element‐controlled current‐mode quadrature sinusoidal oscillator circuit using current differencing transconductance amplifiers (CDTAs). The proposed oscillator is consisted of two CDTAs, two grounded capacitors and one grounded resistor, which is beneficial to monolithic integrated circuit implementation both in CMOS and bipolar technologies. The condition of oscillation and the frequency of oscillation are independently controllable. The frequency of oscillation can also be electronically controlled by adjusting the bias current of CDTA. The circuit provides four quadrature current outputs and two quadrature voltage outputs. The current output terminals possess high impedance level. PSPICE simulation results are used to verify the performance of the proposed circuit implemented at the transistor level. The measurement results support the computer simulations.     

石墨电极研磨机主振台微圆周振动的实时监测与控制

针对石墨电极研磨机主振台微圆周振动轨迹实时监测与控制的要求，采用了双测头电涡漉传感器分剐检测主振台x，y向的振动。传感器标定数据的神经网络拟合方法保证了检测的精度。通过对主振台相对于测头振动位移的实时测量．可以得到主振台的微圆周振动动态振幅，从而控制机床以保证研磨加工的顺利进行并为电火花加工钢模提供了平动头的振幅参数。     

一种新的电子散斑微小振动测量系统

给出了一种新的电子散斑微小振动的振幅和相位测量系统,该系统将光学相移器和正弦相位调制器置于参考光路中,因而当被测物体改变时,系统勿需重新标定。采用高精度低压压电陶瓷作为光学相移器和正弦相位调制器,易于实现计算机直接控制,使系统具有很高的抗干扰能力。实验表明,该系统可以方便地对物体的微小振动（ 振幅小于３０ ｎｍ） 进行定量分析。     

Active vibration control of a flexible one-link manipulator using a multivariable predictive controller

This article presents a new application of model-based predictive controller (MPC) for vibration suppression of a flexible one-link manipulator using piezoceramic actuators. Simulation and experimental studies were conducted to investigate the applicability of the MPC strategy to control vibration of the flexible structure having multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO). The performance of the proposed technique was assessed in terms of level of vibration reduction. The results demonstrated that the proposed predictive control strategy is well suited for multivariable control of vibration suppression on flexible structures.     

A speed estimator for high performance sensorless control ofinduction motors in the field weakening region

The paper proposes a modified version of the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based speed estimator, whose outputs of the reference and the adjustable model are rotor flux space vectors. The estimator is modified in such a way that the variation in the instantaneous level of the main flux saturation during operation in the field weakening is recognized and properly compensated at all times. The speed estimation scheme is equally applicable to both vector controlled and direct torque controlled induction machines, since it operates in the stationary reference frame and requires measurement of only stator voltages and currents. Verification of the proposed scheme is provided by simulation and by experimentation on an indirect feedforward rotor flux oriented induction machine for speed references of up to twice the base speed     

智能型激光三角法振动测量技术研究

为了实现主轴振动实时非接触测量技术的智能化,提出了一种基于移动终端操作系统的振动测量方案。改进了激光三角法振动测量模型,推导出被测物体的振动位移变化量和反射光斑位移变化量成线性关系。设计了振动测量系统,通过WIFI进行数据传输,提高了数据的安全性,实现了远距离传输。设计了移动端软件,减小了振动测量系统的体积,采用滑动平均滤波法消除了周期性干扰。根据信息论进行不确定度分析,采用信息熵表示不确定度。经过实际测试,该系统的测量不确定度为2.66 bit。研究结果对振动测量方案的设计具有一定的指导意义,为相关机械领域中振动测量的后期深入研究奠定了理论和试验基础工作。     

固体微片激光回馈技术在远程振动测量中的研究

激光回馈技术具有极高的测量灵敏度，在振动测量中具有突出的优势。在激光回馈理论和技术的基础上，研究并提出了基于激光回馈技术的远程振动测量方法，构建了完整的固体微片激光远程振动测量系统，详细分析了系统各个部分的基本结构及其工作原理，并在实验中很好地实现了不同频率振动信号的测量及恢复。该研究将振动测量的工作距离提高到25 m以上，实现了远程微振动的非接触测量，拓展了激光回馈技术的应用。实验系统具有较大的振幅与频率测量范围，在振动测量方面具有突出的性能，能够适用于多种场合和目标的振动测量需求。     

三轴加速度计在水下结构振动测试中的应用

采用基于MEMS技术的ADXL330三轴加速度计芯片,设计了适合水下结构振动测试的加速度传感器,并应用于某输水管线闸门振动监测系统中。分析了ADXL330结构、原理和标定方法。根据水下结构振动测试特点和要求,设计了应用电路、防水结构以及振动测试系统。现场应用表明,采用该芯片设计的三轴加速度传感器能够满足水下结构振动监测的需要,具有低成本、高精度、易安装和安全可靠等特点。     

抗差卡尔曼滤波在惯组外场自标定中的应用

针对惯组在外场自标定受到环境的振动干扰会降低标定精度的问题,分析了粗差对卡尔曼滤波估计值的影响,提出将基于抗差估计的卡尔曼滤波算法应用于惯性测量组合(IMU)外场自标定数据处理中。该算法通过等价权函数对异常数据进行连续降权,减弱粗差对惯组输出的污染,兼具了卡尔曼滤波的实时性和等价权函数的抗差性,具有实际应用价值。实验结果表明,与Sage-Husa自适应卡尔曼滤波和抗野值卡尔曼滤波相比,抗差卡尔曼滤波具有更强的抗差性,滤波收敛速度更快,单次通电精度提高了至少1个数量级,能有效抑制异常数据对标定精度的影响。     

激光剪切干涉用于在线表面测量的特性分析

为探讨和证明双折射晶体激光剪切干涉仪用于在线表面精密测量的可能性,推导了该干涉仪中光传输和实现表面测量的模型,分析了其抗振特性,模拟了相当的振动条件对其抗振特性进行实验测试.分析和实验证明了该干涉仪具有良好的抗振能力,适合应用于在线表面精密测量.     

A 4.3?GHz BiCMOS VCO with multiple 360° variable phase outputs using the vector sum method

A 4.3?GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) with multiple independently tunable phase outputs is presented. The VCO is realized by coupling two LC oscillators together in order to obtain quadrature signals and is tunable between 4.12 and 4.74?GHz. The variable phase outputs are achieved by varying the amplitudes of the in-phase and quadrature signals independently and then combining these signals together. By using multiple Gilbert cells as variable gain amplifiers (VGAs), multiple tunable phase outputs are achieved with the use of only one quadrature VCO. The VGAs are controlled using a custom non-linear digital-to-analog converter. The entire circuit is designed using a 3.3?V SiGe BiCMOS process. A maximum phase noise of ?108.17?dBc/Hz was measured over the entire tuning range at a 1?MHz offset. The outputs of the VCO can be used as local oscillators that achieve phase shifting during radio frequency up or down conversion.     

Localization of Distributed Fiber Sensor Employing a Sub-Ring

A simple distributed optical fiber sensing system used to monitor vibration signal has an additional sub-loop eoupled with main ring by a 3 dB coupler. This paper compares three outputting interfered beams, each of them travels in the sub-ring 0, 1, 2 times, separately. Using the simultaneous equations produced by those three outputs, we find the relation between the interference lights and vibration signal＇s characteristics, such as frequency, amplitude and position. Through simplifying and calculating, the vibration position can be obtained finally.     

激光振动测量的发展与展望

激光振动检测是激光测量技术的重要应用之一。本文综述了激光振动方法中的散斑法、光三角法、干涉法及全息法，并分析了其各自的发展状况和特点，指出了激光振动测量目前亟待解决的问题和今后的发展趋势。     

一种提高悬臂粱振动参数测量技术的研究

正弦相位调制干涉测量技术是一种高精度光学测量技术,可用于MEMS振动、振动分布、位移等物理量的测量。本文提出一种提高悬臂粱振动参数测量精度的方法,并分析了测量原理。该方法通过反馈控制回路消除了外界干扰和光强调制对测量精度的影响,并以纳米精度对悬臂粱的振动进行了检测,可得到悬臂粱在光激励下发生振动的相关振动特性参数。     

高抗振X波段低相噪频率合成器

介绍了一个X波段频率合成器的设计,该频率合成器通过采用混频锁相环的方式实现,本振锁相环输出8 GHz的信号,作为混频器的本振信号,混频环最终输出信号为8.5~9.0 GHz,输出静态相位噪声为-93 dBc/Hz@1 kHz offset。此外,还研制了一种小型化的隔振器来降低振动对晶振的影响,对环路也采取了相应的减振措施,提高了该合成器在振动下的相位噪声,振动环境下相位噪声为-90 dBc/Hz@1 kHz offset。     

多线切割机悬臂系统仿真分析

设计了多线切割机的悬臂系统,主要包括电气箱、转接块、显示器、警示灯、方管、圆管组成。针对多线切割机在使用中存在的噪声偏大,高转速下的振动影响产品品质稳定问题,通过Cosmosworks分析软件,对多线切割机的主要部件——悬臂系统,进行了振动模态分析,并在此基础上进行了以提高基频为目标的结构优化设计。     

反馈延迟对光纤陀螺振动误差特性的影响

振动环境导致光纤陀螺引入较大的扰动。由于非线性因素,陀螺跟踪扰动的能力严重影响着其误差特性,而反馈延迟的存在使得跟踪性能变得更加复杂。因此,分析反馈延迟对于解决陀螺振动问题极其重要。首先,分析了非线性因素作用时不同反馈延迟对陀螺闭环跟踪能力和扰动稳定性的影响;然后在线性控制模型的基础上加入陀螺非线性环节,保证稳定裕度不变,仿真分析了不同反馈延迟下陀螺的跟踪性能以及输出。仿真及实验结果表明,减小反馈延迟,提高系统的跟踪扰动能力,可以减小非线性误差,改善振动环境下陀螺的输出性能。     

基于结构光投影的薄膜振动模式分析

为了验证薄膜振动模式的有效性,采用正弦条纹投影和傅里叶条纹分析的方法进行薄膜振动模式分析和振幅重建,并进行了理论分析和实验研究。在基于结构光的主动3维传感技术中,傅里叶变换轮廓术具有单帧获取、高分辨率、全场可实时测量等优势,成为可测量动态3维面形的一种实用方法。正弦光栅条纹被投影到振动中的薄膜表面,采用低帧频的CCD相机采集由薄膜振动导致条纹局部模糊的一系列变形条纹图。通过傅里叶变换轮廓术方法进行处理,最终得到不同频率下实际测量的薄膜振动模式结果。给出了理论计算结果与实测结果的验证比较。结果表明,该方法测量的振动模式结果准确反映了薄膜振动情况。3维面形测量结果和实验验证了该方法的可行性。     

基于dsPIC的精跟踪控制系统设计

对精跟踪的驱动、检测和控制方法进行了研究。设计了精跟踪控制系统的驱动、检测和控制电路,并针对驱动电路的动、静态性能进行了测试研究,对检测电路进行了标定实验,对模糊自整定PID控制方法进行了研究。采用模拟扰动源对系统性能进行了测试,结果表明该系统有良好的精跟踪能力。