纳米陶瓷结合剂超硬磨具的制造工艺

纳米陶瓷结合剂是一种新型的超硬磨具结合剂,它显著降低了磨具烧结温度,大幅度提高了制品强度、韧性和耐磨性,且气孔可控,为陶瓷结合剂的应用开拓了一个崭新的领域.本文阐述了纳米陶瓷的性能及关键方法,特别对纳米陶瓷结合剂超硬工具的成型工艺方法进行了研究.结果表明,在纳米陶瓷结合剂中加入20%～30%的水和适量的表面活性剂,可以提高成型密度、毛坯强度和制品的抗折强度,抗折强度高于100MPa.经过烧结,纳米陶瓷结合剂与金刚石和CBN超硬磨料润湿性良好、结合力大,在烧结过程中与超硬磨料不发生反应、不腐蚀损伤超硬磨料.成功用于磨削PCD复合片的金刚石陶瓷砂轮.     

烧结制度对陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮的蜂窝状组织结构的影响

采用空间占位法和固态粒子烧结法制备具有蜂窝状结构的超细粒度的陶瓷结合剂金刚石砂轮。通过考察砂轮的微观形貌、气孔率和抗折强度等性能,研究烧结制度对制备砂轮蜂窝状结构的影响。结果表明:制备具有蜂窝状结构的砂轮的最佳烧结温度为750 ℃,保温时间为90 min,得到的砂轮的孔隙率约为78%,抗折强度约15 MPa。      

低温陶瓷结合剂CBN平面磨砂轮的制备工艺研究

本文系统地研究了用低温陶瓷结合剂制作CBN平面磨砂轮的工艺过程,确定了合适的工艺参数。结果表明:选用烧制温度范围较宽(660～800℃)的低温陶瓷结合剂,可以通过调节烧结温度调整砂轮的硬度和强度,缓慢的升温和降温速度是抑制砂轮产生裂纹的有效方法;加入造孔剂既能得到满足客户需要的孔隙率,又能保证其抗折强度不低于30MPa。砂轮强度随气孔率增加而快速降低,当气孔率为18.02%时,其抗折强度为67.33MPa;当气孔率增加到37.60%时,其抗折强度降为33.09MPa;当气孔率进一步增加到47.85%时,其抗折强度下降到20.44MPa。通过合理选用工艺参数,所制备的陶瓷结合剂CBN平面磨砂轮,具有磨削效果好,生产效率高,寿命长及性价比高的综合特性。     

超高速磨削陶瓷CBN砂轮结合剂的实验研究

本文根据陶瓷结合剂在超高速磨削砂轮中的作用，凭借电子万能实验机、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等先进精密仪器对三种结合剂进行了耐火度、抗折强度、膨胀系数、微观形貌、显微硬度和润湿性等性能分析。实验结果表明，1#结合剂的耐火度为890℃；抗折强度达到56．28MPa；膨胀系数在7．0×10^-6／℃左右，其他各项性能也达到相当高的水平；用1#结合剂制备的砂轮条的强度达到63．07MPa，结合剂与磨料结合的微观形貌良好。实验表明，1#结合剂符合低温高强结合剂要求，在陶瓷CBN砂轮制作过程中可以实现低温烧成以减少能耗，降低污染。     

陶瓷结合剂与金刚石高温下的界面结合机理研究

本文研究了陶瓷结合剂与金刚石的界面反应、界面结构和结合状况.通过对改性Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃和B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2低熔玻璃镀钛、不镀钛金刚石试样的电镜分析、XRD分析以及两种结合结合剂与镀钛、不镀钛金刚石试样的抗折强度测定,研究了结合剂(Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃和B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2玻璃)与金刚石(镀钛和不镀钛)的结合机理和结合状况.发现:改性Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2玻璃经过合适的热处理工艺能在金刚石试样中出现以Li2Al2Si3O10为主晶相的微晶体,试条的抗折强度是B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2低熔玻璃金刚石试样的2.5倍以上;镀钛金刚石与微晶玻璃结合剂之间产生化学结合,抗折强度比不镀钛金刚石试条提高20%以上;而对B2O3-PbO-ZnO-SiO2玻璃结合剂而言,金刚石表面镀钛对试条的抗折强度的提高无明显作用.     

微细金属粉末对金属结合剂砂轮性能的影响

为研究微细粉末对金属结合剂砂轮性能的影响,将微细粉末和普通粉末按照设计的比例均匀混合,采用热压烧结的方法制成胎体试块,且在混合粉末中添加超硬磨料制成金属结合剂超硬材料砂轮,利用硬度计、抗折试验机、扫描电镜、切割试验机等设备,分别测试金属结合剂胎体硬度、抗折强度、断口形貌以及金属结合剂超硬材料砂轮切割性能。结果表明:微细粉末的添加有利于提高金属结合剂胎体的抗折强度,最高可以提升20%;另一方面,还可增加超硬材料砂轮的耐磨性,相同试验条件下测得半径磨损量降低了25.7%。      

B2O3含量对SiO2–B2O3–Al2O3–Na2O系陶瓷结合剂结构与性能的影响

制备不同B₂O₃含量的SiO₂–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃–Na₂O系玻璃试样和陶瓷结合剂试样,利用电子多功能实验机、扫描电镜、显微硬度仪、平面流淌法、热膨胀系数测试仪等分别测试不同玻璃试样的密度和显微硬度,陶瓷结合剂试样的抗折强度、微观形貌和热膨胀系数等,并用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对陶瓷结合剂的结构和成分变化进行分析。结果表明:将B₂O₃引入陶瓷结合剂中可有效降低其烧结温度,提高其热稳定性并调节其热膨胀系数等。在陶瓷结合剂中加入摩尔分数为15%的B₂O₃时,其样条抗折强度最高为78.11 MPa,密度和硬度最高分别为2.45 g/cm3和856 MPa,且该陶瓷结合剂的热膨胀系数与金刚石最匹配。X射线衍射分析结果表明陶瓷结合剂是典型的玻璃相结构,且对磨料有良好的包覆效果。      

高速陶瓷CBN砂轮贴片的实验研究

本文从影响高速CBN砂轮陶瓷贴片性能的因素入手,凭借扫描电镜、差热分析仪等先进精密仪器对磨料进行了常温性能、差热分析、焙烧处理（870℃）分析;同时对陶瓷结合剂配成原理、比例和性能进行了试验探讨;利用ANSYS软件对陶瓷砂轮贴片的尺寸大小进行了优化分析;最后,利用超高速点磨削试验台对焙烧好的砂轮贴片进行了磨削性能实验。实验表明：研发的低温高强陶瓷结合剂,该配方结合剂的耐火度890℃,抗折强度达到了60.13 MPa;烧制的陶瓷贴片在小进给、小切深、超高速磨削下,表面粗糙度Ra值为0.002 mm左右。     

不同无机铵盐对陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮造孔的应用研究

分别研究了无机铵盐NH4F、NH4Cl、（NH4）2SO4和NH4HCO3的不同添加量对低温陶瓷结合剂CBN砂轮造孔的影响,采用气孔率、抗折强度以及试样SEM断口形貌对造孔效果进行了评价。结果表明：NH4Cl使砂轮开裂,不能作为低温陶瓷结合剂CBN造孔剂。NH4F造孔效果不明显,不适合造孔。（NH4）2SO4造孔剂的质量分数应控制在5％以内,质量分数达到5％时,砂轮孔隙率为36．14％,抗折强度为29．03MPa,气孔皆为小孔,气孔可调性差。NH。HCO,造孔剂质量分数应控制在15％以内,质量分数为5％时,砂轮孔隙率为34．19％,抗折强度为40．32MPa;质量分数增加到15％时,孔隙率达到42．5％,抗折强度为29．16MPa,且大孔径气孔比例随质量分数的提高而提高,气孔可调性好。     

铝粉改性低温陶瓷结合剂的性能研究

为改善低温陶瓷结合剂的不足,采用粉末冶金的方法将铝粉添加到低温陶瓷结合剂中,使用真空热压烧结炉进行烧结,探究铝粉改性低温陶瓷结合剂的力学性能和显微结构。结果表明:当金属铝粉质量分数为20%时,结合剂的抗折强度达到116.32 MPa,比低温陶瓷结合剂抗折强度提高了42%;结合剂的平均抗冲击强度为13.01 kJ/m2,比低温陶瓷结合剂的提高了414%。铝粉的添加对结合剂的密度影响不明显,但随着铝粉质量分数的增加, 结合剂的硬度整体呈下降趋势。铝粉颗粒在低温陶瓷结合剂中均匀分散,并且以金属铝的形态存在,分散性较好,具有颗粒增韧的作用。结合剂中金属相和低温陶瓷结合剂的界面处元素扩散形成过渡带,两者互相融合,且结合情况良好。      

cBN陶瓷结合剂磨盘的研究

本文通过差示扫描量热分析、X衍射分析、线膨胀测试仪、扫描电镜等测试手段对四种不同组份的结合剂性能及磨盘显微结构进行分析,结果发现:2#结合剂的耐火度为770℃,相对较低,可以实现磨具的低温烧成,防止cBN磨料的高温侵蚀,提高磨削效率和耐用度;2#结合剂中出现细小的片状微晶,起到了弥散强化的作用,增强了结合剂的强度;用2#结合剂所制的cBN磨盘,结合剂熔化完全,流动性好,对cBN磨粒的包裹性好,提高了磨盘强度和硬度,其抗弯曲强度达到62.37MPa,洛氏硬度HRB达到85。     

石墨自润滑钎焊cBN 砂轮节块界面微观结构

通过添加石墨制作了自润滑钎焊 cBN 砂轮节块.采用三点抗弯试验测试节块的抗弯强度,并运用扫描电镜、能谱仪对节块断面形貌和结合界面的元素扩散进行了分析.结果表明:添加质量分数5%石墨的钎焊 cBN 砂轮节块抗弯强度达到116 MPa;cBN与Cu-Sn-Ti钎料在界面化学结合,提高了钎料对磨粒的把持力,实现了对 cBN...     

Performance enhancement of single-layer miniature cBN wheels using CFUBMS-deposited TiN coating

This work investigated the effectiveness of TiN coating in enhancing the performance of two different types of single-layer cBN grinding wheels. One was galvanically bonded type where galvanic metal layer covered less than 50% of the grit height. In this paper, it is termed as underplated wheel. The other one was brazed cBN wheel which was developed in-house. In this case, the grits were bonded by a braze alloy layer. TiN coating, well known for its anti-wear and anti-friction characteristics, finds use in cutting tools and tribological applications. In this case study, such TiN was successfully deposited on the above-mentioned two types of grinding wheels with a dual cathode closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering (CFUBMS) system. Performance of those TiN-coated wheels was compared with that of uncoated counterparts in terms of grinding force and percentage of grit failure. Grinding tests were carried out in plunge mode and under dry condition. Experimental results clearly revealed the fact that the role of TiN coating was not that significant in reducing the friction at the wheel-workpiece contact zone. However, it was able to substantially reduce grit pullout of the underplated cBN wheel. On the other hand, uncoated brazed cBN wheel did not suffer from grit pullout, but severe premature breakage of cBN grits at the bond level was observed. This was remarkably arrested when TiN coating was applied on the active surface of the wheel.     

电镀cBN砂轮油石修整效果及评价研究

针对电镀砂轮制造过程中存在的磨粒等高性不好的问题,采用白刚玉油石对其进行修整。通过选择合理的修整参数,使得砂轮和油石的相互作用力控制在一定的范围内,实现突出高度较高,结合强度差的磨粒的去除;而对等高性较好,结合强度较高的磨粒影响不大,从而达到修整的目的。为了对修整效果进行评价,采用激光扫描方法得到修整前后砂轮的地貌,并根据地貌的不同特征分析和验证修整效果,重点关注磨粒出刃高度和等高性。     

cBN砂轮在低速磨削中的应用

cBN砂轮在高速设备上使用非常广泛,但在老式低速磨床上采用cBN砂轮的非常少。我们在这方面做了大胆的尝试,就是在老式磨床上不做任何改进,直接更换相同直径的陶瓷cBN砂轮,通过更换皮带轮改变传动比,把砂轮速度从51.4 m/s提升到64.8 m/s,增大冷却液流量、压力,确定冷却液冲刷位置,改变切削的进给量,使cBN砂轮的一个修整频次内寿命大幅提升。最后证明陶瓷cBN砂轮在低速磨床中一样可以替代刚玉砂轮,并且不需要大的改造投资,可以获得非常好的综合经济效益。     

Influence of vitrified bond structure on radial wear of cBN grinding wheels

This paper presents the results of research concerning the radial wear of super hard grinding wheels in the process of internal grinding of bearing rings. The new-developed grinding wheel is designed for bonding the abrasive grains of submicrocrystalline boron nitride using a glass–ceramic bond. This grinding wheel is compared to cBN grinding wheels composed from ceramic bonding systems, currently having application in industry. A crystalline phase from a group of single-diagonal pyroxenes of an XYSi₂O₆ type was generated at the glass–ceramic bond from a CaO–MgO–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–SiO₂ system. An influence of the presence of this phase on the bond fracture toughness coefficient K_Ic and the elastic modulus E of cBN grinding wheels was examined. Compared to grinding wheels comprising the commercial bond from a Na₂O–K₂O–Al₂O₃–B₂O₃–SiO₂ system, the microcrystalline structure of the new-developed bond limits the range of its fragmentation in the process of grinding. It exerts a marked influence on the formation of different roughness profiles on the wheel working surface and the wear resistance, compared to a grinding wheel composed from a commercial bond.     

Interfacial reaction and wetting behavior of active Ag-Cu filler alloys on surface of cBN grits and its influence on failure patterns of brazed joint

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) abrasive grits are often brazed on steel to produce monolayer grinding wheels. Establishing a strong cBN brazement is a challenge. In the current work, performance of three different active Ag-Cu alloys have been investigated in-depth considering microstructure of alloys, interfacial reaction phase formation and wetting capability of the reaction product towards the alloy. In the current study, all three alloys contain Ti as active element but with different wt%. One of alloys was so chosen that Indium (In) was present as an additional alloying element, which is responsible for its low liquidus temperature, high Young's modulus and good ductility. Segregation of Ti towards the interface was critically examined. To evaluate joint strength, a miniature twin-ring grinding wheel was produced with these alloys. Interestingly, the alloy containing higher Ti, which required higher brazing temp, resulted in intense reaction but with inferior joint strength. On the other hand, the very presence of indium in Ag-Cu alloy, containing low wt% of Ti not only lowered the brazing temperature but also led to effective wetting and higher joint strength. Failure pattern indicates the prevalence of high residual stress at the bond level for the alloy containing the highest percentage of titanium.     

cBN砂轮超声振动修整表面地貌实验研究

对cBN砂轮进行了超声振动辅助机械修整试验,研究了砂轮修整后表面地貌特征及砂轮表面静态有效磨粒数。实验结果表明,超声振动辅助修整的cBN砂轮表面的磨粒突出高度随振动频率增大而增大;砂轮表面静态有效磨粒数随着修整导程和修整深度的增加而减少。选择合理的修整参数,采用超声振动修整技术能够获得较理想的cBN砂轮表面。     

Oxidation,Mechanical and Tribological Behaviors of the Ni/cBN Abrasive Coating-Coated Titanium Alloys

In order to improve the oxidation and wear resistance of blades tip of titanium alloys as well as the sealing performance of the gas turbine engine,a Ni/cBN abrasive coating was prepared on titanium alloys through composite electroplating.Oxidation,mechanical and tribological properties of the abrasive coating were investigated.Furthermore,the effect of the oxidation on the mechanical and tribological properties was also evaluated.Oxidation results revealed that the abrasive coating underwent slight oxidation within 700 ℃.Meanwhile,some intermetallic compounds,Ni_3Ti,NiTi and NiTi_2,were formed at the coating/substrate interface during oxidation.Due to the pinning effect of cBN particles and the different thermal expansion coefficients of the coating and substrate,the coating/substrate interface was cracked after oxidation at 700℃.Tensile results showed that the presence of coating reduced the strength of the alloy significantly at room temperature,while only marginal variations of the strength of the coated and uncoated specimens at elevated temperatures.Besides,the wear tests indicated that the coating had the excellent cutting ability and wear resistance,which can effectively protect the blades tip of titanium alloys.As the temperature increased,the wear resistance decreased due to the decrease in the mechanical properties of the Ni/cBN coating.     

Effect of pulsed DC CFUBM sputtered TiN coating on performance of nickel electroplated monolayer cBN wheel in grinding steel

The present research involves the deposition of pulsed DC CFUBM sputtered TiN on nickel plated steel discs and electroplated monolayer cBN wheels at seven different target frequencies and ten different bias voltages separately. The coating microstructures and the interaction between TiN and nickel were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and electron probe micro analysis (EPMA). Phase detection was carried out using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) technique. The cohesive and adhesive strengths of nickel layer were assessed by scratch test. After grinding of low carbon steel (AISI 1020) and hardened bearing steel (AISI 52100), the conditions of the uncoated and coated cBN wheels were observed under Stereo Zoom Microscope and SEM.Average column size of TiN was found to decrease with increase in both target frequency and negative bias voltage. The structure of the coating gradually transformed from porous and open columnar (at 0 V bias) to very compact, dense and featureless (at − 80 V bias). EDX line scan and EPMA confirmed the cross-diffusion between TiN and nickel and GIXRD indicated the formation of nickel-titanium intermetallic phases at their interface. The cohesive strength of nickel layer was not effectively enhanced with increase in target frequency, whereas the same was significantly improved with increase in negative bias voltage. Seemingly, TiN coated wheel could not perform better than the uncoated wheel in grinding AISI 1020 steel due to high wheel loading. However, the uncoated wheel was found to undergo fracture wear, which was remarkably absent in the coated wheels. On the other hand, many fractured grits and some grit pull-out were observed in the uncoated wheel when grinding AISI 52100 steel, whereas almost no pull-out along with much less fractured grits were observed in the wheels coated at bias voltages like − 60 V and − 90 V.