基于Boosting算法的实时人脸监控系统设计

设计实现了基于Boosting算法的实时人脸监控系统,以AdaBoost算法为人脸检测基础,以粒子滤波器算法为人脸跟踪基础,通过两者的结合提高了检测的速度.通过分析AdaBoost训练和检测的过程,指出影响AdaBoost检测速度的要素,并提出了通过区域生长等预处理方式对待检测图像进行区域合并,降低背景的复杂度,从而提高检测的速度;并增加了侧面人脸级联分类器,采用串并联结构将正面人脸和侧面人脸的检测综合起来,扩大了系统对人脸的检测范围.同时将跟踪结果作为人脸检测模块的反馈信号,增强了检测系统的目标捕获和目标校正能力.     

基于粒子滤波理论的雷达多目标TBD检测

粒子滤波理论适用于在非线性和非高斯环境下的目标跟踪与检测。文中基于序列重要性采样定理,提出了模型环境和多雷达目标检测的递归贝叶斯TBD算法。此算法在基本粒子滤波算法SIR的基础上,采用多模型粒子滤波器实现了多雷达目标的检测。仿真结果表明,算法能够有效地进行目标跟踪与检测。     

一种快速多人脸跟踪算法

提出一个基于肤色的快速多人脸跟踪算法.利用多个CAMShift跟踪器实现多人脸跟踪,提出最优排序法和目标消除法解决多人脸跟踪过程中目标发生粘连重叠的问题;引入多辅助信息和表决制解决了相邻两帧中人脸的对应问题.为进一步提高整个算法的跟踪速度和鲁棒性,引入卡尔曼滤波器对目标进行预测.实验结果表明,该算法可实时稳健地实现多人脸跟踪.     

采用粒子滤波的先跟踪后检测算法

先跟踪后检测(TBD)算法能够有效解决低信噪比条件下弱小目标的检测与跟踪问题.与传统的先检测后跟踪方法相比,它的优点在于可完整传感器数据,随时间累积起来能获得更好的检测与跟踪性能,特别是检测与跟踪弱小目标.同时与传统的跟踪算法相比,先跟踪后检测算法提供给跟踪器的信息更多,适合于跟踪低信噪比的弱小目标.探讨了先跟踪后检测问题的两个方面:滤波和检测.为了检测目标的出现与消失,在状态向量中增加一个二元变量对应目标存在.对于非线性、非高斯的跟踪问题,使用粒子滤波器跟踪弱小目标,基于粒子滤波器的权值实现最优检测器.给出粒子滤波器的TBD算法的理论推导以及数值计算过程.仿真实验表明:基于粒子滤波器的TBD算法能够检测与跟踪低信噪比的目标.     

基于粒子滤波的机载目标跟踪系统设计

基于微小型机载成像跟踪系统设计思想及需求,设计并实现了以高性能的DSP芯片TMS320-DM642为核心处理器,结合可编程逻辑器件CPLD和FPGA的实时图像跟踪处理平台。平台采用基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪算法,实现对目标的实时跟踪。采用卡尔曼滤波器,提高了粒子的利用效率,在改进了算法实时性的同时解决了图像跟踪系统的延时性问题,提高了跟踪系统的稳定性。算法仿真结果表明,与传统相关匹配算法相比,基于粒子滤波的跟踪算法具有更好的鲁棒性和实时性,能满足机载成像跟踪系统实时图像跟踪的要求。     

具有自适应MB-LBP前置滤波的CAMShift人脸跟踪算法

基于颜色分布的连续自适应均值移动（CAMShift）人脸跟踪算法简单、易于实现,被广泛应用于实时跟踪。但因其采用肤色模型作为跟踪模式,所以当目标处于类肤色背景区域时,跟踪窗口极易错误收敛到背景区域从而导致跟踪失败。为此,本文提出一种具有自适应LBP前置滤波的CAMShift跟踪算法。首先训练一个能检测人脸基本特征的级联MB-LBP节点分类器。当跟踪窗口进入类肤色干扰区时,系统自适应地把该分类器接入作为CAMShift跟踪算法的前置滤波器,以排除背景中的类肤色干扰,提高算法的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,该算法既能有效排除背景中的类肤色干扰、显著提高CAMShift人脸跟踪算法的鲁棒性,又能保持人脸跟踪的实时性。      

基于流形的目标跟踪系统设计

设计实现了基于流形的目标跟踪系统.利用局部线性嵌入(LLE)算法和粒子滤波器算法构建了一个贝叶斯推理网络以实现目标跟踪.同时,提出了一种新的利用LLE算法进行目标跟踪的方法,有效地改善了对复杂目标运动进行跟踪的效果.     

基于粒子滤波器的TBD检测性能分析

针对低信噪比的目标检测问题,采用基于粒子滤波器和Bayes似然比的联合检测跟踪的算法,以对数似然比作为目标检测判决的准则,利用粒子滤波器获得状态的后验证分布,推导出了门限、信噪比与检测跟踪概率关系式,同时得到了自适应门限,较好地控制了虚警概率。     

人脸检测跟踪与特征点定位系统

实现的人脸检测跟踪与特征点定位系统,基于VC++6.0开发平台,使用opencv作为开发工具,有效缩短了系统的开发时间。首先,本系统采用adaboost算法进行人脸检测,通过合理的特征模板的选择实现了人脸的实时检测;其次,人脸跟踪模块选用camshift算法,利用人脸检测模块生成的人脸坐标传递给跟踪模块,实现人脸的自动实时跟踪,同时建立多个camshift跟踪器对多人脸进行跟踪,并有效地解决了人脸遮挡的问题;最后,通过ASM(active shapemodel)算法实现了实时人脸特征点定位。实验结果表明该系统实现的人脸实时检测跟踪及特征点定位,效果明显,可以作为表情分析和情感计算、视频人脸识别开发的基础。     

应用于人脸自动实时跟踪的改进Struck算法

传统的Struck算法在人脸跟踪系统中,需要手动实现初始化且易受环境影响。文中提出一种基于AdaBoost目标自动检测和改进的Struck人脸自动跟踪算法。从图像中提取人脸的Haar特征,采用AdaBoost算法实现人脸的检测,并自动初始化跟踪器,再依据检测得到的相邻帧目标的相似度判定跟踪目标的有效性,采用Struck算法实现人脸的连续跟踪。实验结果表明,改进的算法有效解决了部分遮挡、尺度变化、光照变化等人脸跟踪难题,且具有较高的鲁棒性与准确性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks