铌合金注射成形脱脂工艺研究

设计了一种适合于铌合金注射成形的低残碳粘结剂体系,为68％PW-5％LDPE-22％PMMA-5％SA（质量分数）,并研究其脱脂工艺。结果表明：脱脂时间、温度及样品厚度对溶剂脱脂率影响显著。采用三氯乙烯为溶剂,在脱脂温度为40℃,溶剂脱脂6h,即可使粘结剂脱除率达到52．8％,使后继热脱脂时间缩短至7．5h。以粘结剂的DSC差热分析结果为指导,可快速制定合理的热脱脂工艺,在真空热脱脂气氛条件下可使脱脂坯残余碳、氧含量得到有效控制,分别为0．18％．0．25％．     

球形铜粉注射成形的脱脂工艺研究

研究了平均粒度为20μm的球形铜粉注射成形坯的溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺.选用正庚烷、酒精以及丙酮的混合溶剂体系进行溶剂脱脂,分析了脱脂时间、温度对粘结剂脱除率的影响;通过对比不同升温速率对脱脂坯性能的影响,制定出合理的热脱脂工艺.实验结果表明:溶剂脱脂的粘结剂脱除率达76％,并形成连通孔隙度网络;热脱脂在300℃以下采用低的升温速率可以保证得到无缺陷的脱脂坯,方便其后的烧结工艺.     

316L不锈钢注射成形溶剂脱脂工艺的研究

以粒度为38μm的316L不锈钢注射成形生坯为研究对象,分析了脱脂温度、脱脂时间、生坯厚度及溶剂种类对溶剂脱脂脱脂率的影响.结果表明:采用正庚烷+乙醇+花生油溶剂时,脱脂坯缺陷较少;当脱脂温度为45℃,脱脂时间为12h时,脱脂率可达36%.     

钨基高比重钨合金注射坯溶剂脱脂工艺

研究了溶剂脱脂中脱脂率与溶剂、脱脂时间、样品厚度和溶剂温度等参数的关系。结果表明,采用多组元低分子有机溶剂的混合物在45℃下溶剂脱脂效果最好。样品厚度对溶剂脱脂时间、脱脂率等的影响因素,厚度为1mm厚的样品在脱脂4h时,其脱脂率可达70％以上,厚度为10mm厚的样品在溶剂脱脂6－8h时,脱脂率仅43％。对于直径为20mm厚的大棒,溶剂脱脂24－30h时,脱脂量50％－60％,其余粘结剂采用热脱脂工艺脱脂。     

硬质合金注射成形脱脂工艺与碳含量控制

将传统蜡基粘结剂和油＋蜡改进粘结剂体系分别与粒度为1．97μm的WC-8Co硬质合金粉末混合采用注射成形法制备了全致密高强度的硬质合金。研究了注射坯在Hz中的热脱脂工艺和溶剂脱脂与其后补充热脱脂工艺，和不同脱脂工艺对脱脂坯碳含量的影响。结果表明：油＋蜡改进粘结剂体系具有更好的热脱脂和溶剂脱脂行为。通过工艺优化和碳含量控制，在真空气氛下1400℃烧结80min制备出高抗弯强度的全致密硬质合金烧结制品。     

钛合金粉末注射成形溶剂脱脂工艺研究

采用粉末注射成形方法制备了钛合金坯体，然后利用溶剂脱脂方法脱除坯体中可溶性粘结剂。通过对溶剂脱脂动力学分析表明，在脱脂过程中，存在动力学控制步骤转化的过程，提出了脱脂临界厚度的概念。当厚度超过5mm时，试样脱脂过程受扩散控制，在常温下进行溶剂脱脂时，其扩散系数为1．86×10^-6cm^2·s^-1，活化能为12．96kJ．mol^-1.K^-1；在厚度小于5mm时，试样脱脂过程受粘结剂溶解和扩散混合控制。     

注射成形Mo/Cu合金脱脂及烧结工艺

采用粉末注射成形工艺制备电子封装用Mo/Cu合金,重点研究了脱脂和烧结工艺,以喂料的热差分析为指导,制定出合适的热脱脂工艺路线,并分析了烧结过程中的温度和时间对烧结密度和热导率的影响规律.研究结果表明,利用溶剂脱脂可以除去粘结剂中81%左右的石蜡,缩短了热脱脂时间;材料密度随着烧结温度的升高不断增加,但当温度大于1 450℃时,密度反而下降,材料在1 450℃烧结3 h后,相对密度达到了98%;影响热导率的主要因素是烧结密度,实验获得的热导率最大值为158 W/mK.     

Fe-Ni-Cu-C合金粗粉注射成形的溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺

对平均粒度为60μm的Fe-Ni-Cu-C合金粗粉进行了注射成形,重点研究了溶剂-热二步脱脂工艺.选用了三氯甲烷、乙醇和花生油混合溶剂体系来进行溶剂脱脂,以粘结剂的差热分析为指导,制定了合适的后续热脱脂工艺.结果表明:利用溶剂脱脂可以除去粘结剂中78%左右的石蜡,缩短了热脱脂时间,热脱脂的升温速率对脱脂坯质量影响显著.     

金属注射成形多功能脱脂炉的设计

金属注射成形技术是近年来发展最为迅速的粉末冶金近净成形技术。脱脂是金属注射成形的重要工艺，包括热脱脂、溶剂脱脂、虹吸脱脂和催化脱脂。本文设计了一种可用于多种脱脂工艺的多功能脱脂炉，包括催化、溶剂、冷凝蒸汽和虹吸脱脂。介绍了该炉的设计原则、结构特点和经济性能。多功能脱脂炉对金属注射成形技术的工业化有重要意义。     

粉末注射成形钛合金溶剂脱脂过程研究

研究粉末注射成形(PIM) Ti-6A1-4V注射坯的溶荆脱脂行为,分析了脱脂温度、溶剂种类、注射坯形状对脱脂率的影响.结果表明,脱脂温度对注射坯的溶剂脱脂行为影响显著,随着脱脂温度的升高,脱脂率增加;而注射坯的形状对脱脂率的影响不显著.通过对溶剂脱脂动力学分析表明,正庚烷的活化能为40.39 kJ·mot-1·K-1,大于二氛甲烷的活化能(38.41 kJmot-1·K-1);在相同温度下,正庚烷的扩散系数高于二氛甲烷的.     

粉末注射成形溶剂脱脂过程的数学模型

从宏观的角度出发 ,仅考虑脱脂预成形坯的体积、粘结剂含量对脱脂过程的影响 ,将预成形坯几何形状等其他因素的影响合理地归结到扩散系数函数中。根据浓度扩散原理建立了描述粉末注射成形溶剂脱脂过程中预成形坯粘结剂含量随时间变化的数学模型 ,避免了求解用Fick第二定律描述的偏微分方程 ,得出了一种预测脱脂量与脱脂时间的有效方法。根据模型求出了脱脂速度函数 ,给出了一种控制溶剂脱脂过程产生缺陷的分段升温优化方法。用该模型对硬质合金注射成形溶剂脱脂过程进行了模拟和预测 ,预测结果与实验结果吻合较好     

硬质合金注射成形脱脂过程中的碳含量控制

研究了不同脱脂气氛 (不同比例N2 与H2 的混合气体 )和脱脂方法 (热脱脂、溶剂脱脂 热脱脂、冷凝蒸汽脱脂 热脱脂 )对PIM硬质合金脱脂坯及合金碳含量的影响。结果表明 :N2 热脱脂粘结剂容易以炭黑的形式残留在脱脂坯中 ,造成合金增碳 ;H2 热脱脂导致合金脱碳 ;75 %N2 2 5 %H2 (体积分数 )混合气体热脱脂既能有效地脱除粘结剂 ,又能保证合金碳含量相对稳定 ;溶剂脱脂和冷凝溶剂脱脂能显著缩短脱脂时间 ,而且由于高温保持时间短 ,在后续热脱脂过程中采用H2 作保护气也可获得满意的碳含量 ,说明该方法对工艺条件的适应性强。通过调整热脱脂高温保持时间 ,可在一定范围内对脱脂坯的碳含量进行调整 ,说明过程的可调控性好。与溶剂脱脂相比 ,冷凝蒸气脱脂粘结剂脱除率更高 ,脱脂坯有较高的强度 ,有效地防止了脱脂坯软化变形的现象。     

The metal injection molding process comes of age

Metal injection molding is a new commercial process for producing complex component parts from steels and other ferrous alloys. The process combines the shape-making capability of plastic injection molding with high-temperature sintering technology to produce complex, high density metal parts with outstanding properties. The savings in production costs can be substantial over investment casting or expensive machining operations.     

CuMn基钎料对TZM与Kovar合金的钎焊研究

采用研制的CuMn基钎料对TZM与Kovar合金进行了高频真空钎焊研究。利用DTA、氦质谱捡漏仪、激光共聚焦显微镜、SEM、EDS等分析手段,测试了钎料的熔点、对TZM与Kovar合金润湿性,分析了钎缝的气密性、微观组织形貌、界面组织成分等。结果表明:在965℃时,CuMn基钎料在TZM与Kovar合金样品上的润湿角θ分别为30.77°和12.30°。在最大钎焊感应电流为430 A时,焊料对钎缝铺展均匀,钎缝区域无裂纹、无气泡等缺陷,焊件气密性测试漏气率优于6×10~(-11)Pa·m~3/s。钎缝中间层区域为CuMn基钎料凝固组织,钎料与TZM反应界面区域较窄,与Kovar合金的界面反应区域较宽。钎料中的Mn、Cu元素与Kovar合金中的Fe元素更容易相互扩散迁移发生冶金熔合反应。     

Numerical simulation of tungsten alloy in powder injection molding process

The flow behavior of feedstock for the tungsten alloy powder in the mold cavity was approximately described using Hele-Shaw flow model. The math model consisting of momentum equation, consecutive equation and thermo-conduction equation for describing the injection process was established. The equations are solved by the finite element/finite difference hybrid method that means dispersing the feedstock model with finite element method, resolving the model along the depth with finite difference methgd, and tracking the movable boundary with control volume method, then the pressure equation and energy equation can be resolved in turn. The numerical simulation of the injection process and the identification of the process parameters were realized by the Moldflow software. The results indicate that there is low temperature gradient in the cavity while the pressure and shear rate gradient are high at high flow rate. The selection of the flow rate is affected by the structure of the gate. The shear rate and the pressure near the gate can be decreased by properly widening the dimension of the gate. There is a good agreement between the process parameters obtained by the numerical simulation and the actual ones.     

A new starch-based binder for metal injection molding

A composition of starch and linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) was prepared as the binder and a mixture of this binder with 316L stainless steel powder was used to achieve a feedstock with 57% vol. powder loading. Rheological specifications of the binder and the feedstock were observed by means of capillary rheometery. Pseudo-plastic behavior of the binder and feedstock was investigated as a necessity in metal injection molding (MIM) process by proper flow characterization tests and their viscosity as the most significant flow characteristic was obtained in acceptable ranges. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on feedstock in order to understand decomposition behavior of the binder components. In the next step, injection molding of the components was successfully conducted. Mechanical properties of compacts were then investigated through the triple point flexure test and the results showed that mechanical strength of specimens are very close to established ranges. The density of green parts was measured to assess the compaction of feedstock and it was achieved within the expected range for ferrous-based feedstocks. Debinding process was accomplished on compacted articles at three different temperature ranges including 70, 80 and 90 °C. Sintering process also was successfully accomplished on samples. For observing microstructures, the surface and cross section of specimens were compared before and after debinding as well as after sintering using scanning electron macrograph (SEM). Generally, this newly developed binder demonstrated a good potential for being utilized in MIM process.     

显微结构和杂质对金属注射成形Fe-50%Ni合金磁性能的影响

以羰基铁粉和羰基镍粉为原料,采用金属注射成形(MIM)工艺制备Fe-50%Ni软磁合金.通过对不同工艺条件下试样的杂质含量、密度、金相组织和磁性能的分析,研究显微结构和杂质对磁性能的影响.结果表明:孔隙是影响MIM Fe-50%Ni饱和磁感应强度的主要因素,孔隙、杂质和晶粒尺寸是影响磁导率和矫顽力的因素;最大磁导率、初始磁导率和矫顽力之间存在一定的联系,矫顽力可以作为最大磁导率和初始磁导率的参考依据.通过对比分析孔隙度、杂质含量和晶粒尺寸对矫顽力的影响规律,发现晶粒尺寸是影响MIM Fe-50%Ni合金矫顽力的主要因素.     

Rheological properties of metal injection molding feedstock

Viscosity of a polyethylene glycol-polymethyl methacrylate (PEG-PMMA) binder and PEG-PMMA/Fe-2Ni feedstock in powder injection molding was measured and calculated. A logarithmic additivity between viscosity of the binder and that of its constituents was found. Other factors, such as temperature, powder loads, content and type of surface-active agents and those of polymers, in relation to rheological properties of feedstock were discussed as well. The results showed that with increasing viscosity of surface-active agent, polymer melt index or temperature, the feedstock viscosity decreased while higher polymer content and powder loading would lead to additional feedstock viscosity. The relationship mentioned above is expressed and effectively explained why the change rate of feedstock viscosity will slow down with the increase of shear rate.     

基于TRIZ理论的注射成型工艺创新设计

模具温度是重要的注射工艺参数,也是注射成型中重要的技术冲突。通过TRIZ理论的冲突解决原理,进行注射成型工艺的创新设计,并与目前先进成型技术相佐证,说明TRIZ理论在注射成型工艺应用中的有效性,为下一步的创新提供参考依据。